Theileria
| Theileria | |
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| Kinete stage of Theileria parva in the transmitting tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Clade: | Diaphoretickes |
| Clade: | SAR |
| Clade: | Alveolata |
| Phylum: | Apicomplexa |
| Class: | Aconoidasida |
| Order: | Piroplasmida |
| Family: | Theileriidae |
| Genus: | Theileria |
| Species | |
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Theileria is a genus of parasites that belongs to the phylum Apicomplexa, and is closely related to Plasmodium. Two Theileria species, T. annulata and T. parva, are important cattle parasites.[1] T. annulata causes tropical theileriosis and T. parva causes East Coast fever. Theileria species are transmitted by ticks.[2] The
Theileria equi is a known cause of
Vaccines against Theileria are in development.[1][8] In May 2010, a vaccine that was reported to protect cattle against East Coast fever had been approved and registered by the governments of Kenya, Malawi, and Tanzania.[9]
Description
Species in this genus undergo exoerythrocytic
The organism is transmitted by various tick species, including Rhipicephalus, Dermacentor, and Haemaphysalis. The organism reproduces in the tick as it progresses through its life stages.[10] Both T. annulata and T. parva induce transformation of infected cells of lymphocyte or macrophage/monocyte lineages. T. orientalis does not induce uncontrolled proliferation of infected leukocytes and instead multiplies predominantly within infected erythrocytes.
Genomics
The genomes of T. orientalis Shintoku
Evolution
The genus is thought to have first appeared in ruminants during the Miocene. It is named for Gertrud Theiler, daughter of Arnold Theiler.
Transmission
Theileria spp. can be transmitted to cattle through tick bites, including the brown ear tick, a Rhipicephalus sp.
Important species
- T. parva is the cause of bovine theileriosis and East Coast fever.[10]
- T. annulata also is a cause of bovine theileriosis.[10]
- T. equi causes equine piroplasmosis.[10] It was originally classified as Babesia equi in 1901 by Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran, but was reclassified as T. equi in 1998 by Heinz Mehlhorn and Eberhard Schein.[12]
Treatment
- Buparvaquone is a promising compound for the therapy and prophylaxis of all forms of theileriosis.
References
- ^ S2CID 928055.
- PMID 19273257.
- ^ PMID 22951932.
- ^ PMID 23137308.
- ^ S2CID 34556923.
- ^ S2CID 37769438.
- PMID 16429803.
- PMID 19178892.
- ^ "Cattle disease vaccine launched 30 years after invention". 2010-05-07. SciDev.net (7 May 2010).
- ^ a b c d *Theileria reviewed and published by WikiVet, accessed 11 October 2011.
- PMID 25388105.
- S2CID 27992280. Retrieved June 19, 2020.
External links
- Theileria annulata sequencing project
- Theileria parva sequencing project
- Tropical theileriosis — Wellcome Trust project
- PiroplasmaDB — genomic and functional genomic resource for piroplasmida
| Authority control databases: National |
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