Adeleorina
| Adeleorina | |
|---|---|
| |
| Cyst of an unidentified haemogregarine in the liver of a bat | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Clade: | Diaphoretickes |
| Clade: | SAR |
| Clade: | Alveolata |
| Phylum: | Apicomplexa |
| Class: | Conoidasida |
| Order: | Eucoccidiorida |
| Suborder: | Adeleorina |
| Families | |
|
Adeleidae Dactylosomatidae Haemogregarinidae Hepatozoidae Karyolysidae Klossiellidae Legerellidae
| |
Adeleorina is a suborder of parasites in the phylum Apicomplexa.[1]
History
Léger proposed this taxon in 1911. The first species identified was Dactylosoma ranarum by Lankester (1871) in a frog in Europe. It was initially called Undulina ranarum, but this was changed in 1882 to Drepanidium ranarum. This species was subsequently moved to the genus Dactylosoma.
Canine hepatozoonosis was first described in
Life cycle
All species in this suborder use the syzygy method of gamete formation. This involves the association of often motile gamonts prior to the formation of functional gametes and fertilization.
Their life cycles tend to be complex, involving at least one (and often several) asexual cycles of
In haemogregarines with
The haemogregarines use two modes of transmission:
- Inoculation — the infectious sporozoites enter the vertebrate host during blood-feeding of the vector (Dactylosoma, Haemogregarina)
- Ingestion — the parasite is transmitted by the ingestion of the infected invertebrate host by the vertebrate host. The mode of transmission may even involve a paratenic host. The next definitive host in the life cycle is infected exclusively through blood feeding. Examples include the genera Karyolysus, Hemolivia and Hepatozoon.
Taxonomy
Adeleorina has about 500 species, which have been organised into seven families and 19 genera. The families have been divided into two groups:
- Adelines — Legerellidae
- Haemogregarines — Hepatozoidae and Karyolysidae
One exception to this classification is known: .
The taxonomy is this group may be incorrect as the
Families and genera
The families in this suborder are:
- Family Adeleidae Mesnil, 1903
- Genera:
- Chagasella Machado in 1911
- Ganapatiella Kalavati, 1977
- GibbsiaLevine, 1986
- Klossia Schneiderin, 1875
- Orcheobius Schuberg & Kunze, 1906
- Rasajeyna Beesley, 1977
- Subfamily Ithaniinae
- Genera
- Adelea Schneider, 1875
- AdelinaHesse, 1911
- IthaniaLudwigin, 1947
- Genera
- Genera:
- Family DactylosomatidaeJakowska & Nigrelli, 1955
- Genera:
- Babesiosoma Jakowska & Nigrelli, 1956
- Dactylosoma Labbé, 1894 [5]
- Genera:
- Family Haemogregarinidae Neveu-Lemaire, 1901
- Genera:
- Cyrilia Lainson, 1981
- Desseria Siddall, 1995
- Haemogregarina Danilewsky, 1885
- Genera:
- Family Hepatozoidae Wenyon, 1926
- Genera:
- Hepatozoon Miller, 1908
- Genera:
- Family Karyolysidae Wenyon, 1926
- Genera:
- Karyolysus Labbé, 1894
- Hemolivia Petit et al, 1990
- Genera:
- Family KlossiellidaeSmith & Johnson, 1902
- Genera:
- Family LegerellidaeMinchin, 1903
- Genera:
- Legerella Mesnil, 1900
- Genera:
Notes
Karyolysus infects lizards (
DNA studies suggest Hemolivia may lie within the Hepatozoon clade.[3] If this can be confirmed, the taxonomy of this group will need revision. A study of the 18s rRNA gene suggests that there may be some overlap between Karyolysus and Hepatozoon.[6]
Karadjian, Chavatte and Landau revised the
- Type I, Hepatozoon Miller, 1908, with type species H. perniciosum Miller, 1908
- Type II, Karyolysus Labbé, 1894, with type species K. lacertae (Danilewsky, 1886) Reichenow, 1913
- Type III Hemolivia Petit et al., 1990, with type species H. stellata Petit et al., 1990
- Type IV: Bartazoon Karadjian, Chavatte and Landau, 2015, with type species B. breinli (Mackerras, 1960).[7]
