Gymnodinium
| Gymnodinium | |
|---|---|
| |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Clade: | Diaphoretickes |
| Clade: | SAR |
| Clade: | Alveolata |
| Phylum: | Myzozoa |
| Superclass: | Dinoflagellata |
| Class: | Dinophyceae |
| Order: | Gymnodiniales |
| Family: | Gymnodiniaceae |
| Genus: | Gymnodinium Stein, 1878 |
Gymnodinium is a genus of
red tides.[4] The red tides produced by some Gymnodinium, such as Gymnodinium catenatum, are toxic and pose risks to marine and human life, including paralytic shellfish poisoning.[5][6][7]
Segregate genera
- Gymnodinium sensu stricto
- Akashiwo
- Amphidinium
- Gyrodinium
- Karenia
- Karlodinium
- Katodinium
Former species
Torodinium (with Torodinium robustum and the type species Torodinium teredo) were both formerly Gymnodinium teredo until 1921.[8]
References
- S2CID 86456565.
- S2CID 53637890.
- S2CID 53572161.
- . Retrieved 2015-04-25.
- ISBN 978-0470016176.
- .
- ^ Ramirez, Camarena; Cortes, Altamirano; Munoz, Cabrera (1999). "Red tide caused by the dinoflagellate Gymnodinium catenatum off Mazatlan Bay, Sinaloa, Mexico in 1997". Revista de Biología Tropical. 47: 77–80.
- ^ Kofoid, C.A. and Swezy, O. 1921: The free-living unarmored dinoflagellate. University of California Press, Berkeley, California, USA
Further reading
- Estrada, Norma; Ascencio, Felipe; Shoshani, Liora (December 2014). "Apoptosis of hemocytes from lions-paw scallop Nodipecten subnodosus induced with paralyzing shellfish poison from Gymnodinium catenatum". Contreras. 219 (12): 964–974. PMID 25097151.
- Thessen, Annie E.; Patterson, David J.; Murray, Shauna A. (30 August 2012). "The Taxonomic Significance of Species That Have Only Been Observed Once: The Genus Gymnodinium (Dinoflagellata) as an Example". PLOS ONE. 7 (8): e44015. PMID 22952856.
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