Timeline of Johannesburg

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Johannesburg, in the Gauteng province in South Africa.

19th century

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v t e

• 1886 – Johannesburg township established by
  Boer government after discovery of gold in vicinity.^[1][2]
• 1887
  • The Star newspaper in publication.^[3]
  • St. Mary's Church built.^[4]
  • Johannesburg Stock Exchange founded.^[5]
  • Theatre Royal opens.[6]
• 1888 – St Mary's School was founded.
• 1890
  • Library opens.^[7]
  • Jeppe High School for Boys was founded.
• 1891
  • Horse-drawn tram begins operating.^[4]
  • Standard Theatre opens.^[6]
• 1892 – Prison built.
• 1895 – Railway in operation.^[4]
• 1896
  • January: Uprising against
    Boer government.^[4]
  • 19 February: Braamfontein Explosion.
• 1897
  • Johannesburg Park station opens.
  • Johan Zulch de Villiers becomes the first mayor.
• 1898 –
  St John's College
  was founded.
• 1899 – Fort built.
• 1900 – 31 May: Town captured by British forces during the Second Boer War.^[1][4]

20th century

1900s-1950s

• 1902
  • King Edward VII School was founded.
  • St. Andrew's School for Girls was founded.
• 1903
  • Johannesburg Stock Exchange building constructed.^[2]
  • Observatory built near town.[4]
  • Sophiatown developed.^[8]
  • Roedean School for Girls was founded.
• 1904
  • Johannesburg Zoo and Transvaal Technical Institute established.^[4]
  • April: Brickfields burned.
  • Drill Hall built.[1]
  • Population: 99,022.^[4]
• 1905
  • Town administrative wards created.^[4]
  • Johannesburg Statistics begins publication.^[4]
  • Alexandra developed near Johannesburg.^[9]
• 1906
  • Electric trams begin operating.^[4]
  • Sunday Times
    newspaper begins publication.
  • Meeting of the Municipal Associations of South Africa held in Johannesburg.
• 1907 – Redhill School was founded.
• 1908 – Population: 180,687.^[4]
• 1919 – Jeppe High School for Girls was founded.
• 1920 – Parktown Boys' High School was founded.
• 1921 – Helpmekaar Kollege was founded.
• 1922
  • University of the Witwatersrand incorporated.
  • January–March: Miner's strike.^[10]
• 1923 – Parktown High School for Girls was founded.
• 1925 – Technikon Witwatersrand established.
• 1927 – Johannesburg Symphony Orchestra founded.^[11]
• 1928
  • Johannesburg gains city status.^[1]
  • Ellis Park Stadium was opened.
• 1929 – South African Institute of Race Relations headquartered in city.^{[citation needed]}
• 1931 – Airport opens in Germiston.
• 1933 – Kingsmead College was founded.
• 1935 – Johannesburg City Library building opens.^[7]
• 1936 – 15 September: The
  World's Fair opens^[12]
• 1937 – 15 January: The Empire Exhibition, South Africa closes.
• 1941 – St David's Marist, Inanda was founded.
• 1942 – Springbok Legion's [fr] Fighting Talk begins publication.^[13]
• 1944 – Hoërskool Florida was founded.
• 1946 – Population: 603,470 city; 762,910 urban agglomeration.^[14]
• 1948 – Polly Street Centre founded.^[15]
• 1950 – Springbok Radio begins broadcasting.
• 1951
  • Drum magazine begins publication.^[15]
  • Population: 631,911 city; 884,007 urban agglomeration.^[14]
  • Waverley High School for Girls was founded.
• 1952 –
  Kempton Park
  .
• 1953 – St Stithians College was founded.
• 1956
  • December: Treason Trial begins.
  • Purple Renoster literary magazine begins publication.^[16]
• 1957 –
  1957 Alexandra Bus Boycott.^[17]
• 1958 – St Benedict's College was founded.

1960s-1990s

• 1960
  • 21 March: Sharpeville massacre.
  • Johannesburg Planetarium opens.
• 1961
  • City becomes part of the
    Republic of South Africa
    .
  • Greenside High School was founded.
• 1962 –
  Sentech Tower
  built.
• 1963
  • 11 July: The arrest of
    Umkhonto we Sizwe high commanders known as Rivonia Trialist
    .
  • 11 August: Four of the defendants who had been arrested on July 11, at the Liliesleaf Farm near Johannesburg, were able to escape their South African jail after a bribe was promised to their guard by the ANC.^[18][19]
  • Classic magazine begins publication.
• 1964
  • July: The arrest of
    Umkhonto we Sizwe high commanders known as Little Rivonia Trialist
    .
  • Johannesburg Botanical Garden established.
• 1966 – Rand Afrikaans University founded.^[20]
• 1968 – Bryanston High School was founded.
• 1969
  • Hyde Park Corner (shopping centre) in business.
  • Northcliff High School was founded.
• 1970
  • Tollman Towers and Trust Bank Building
    constructed.
  • Population: 654,682 city; 1,432,643 urban agglomeration.[21]
• 1971 – Hillbrow Tower built.
• 1973 – Marble Towers, Carlton Centre, and Sandton City shopping centre built.
• 1974 – Beeld newspaper begins publication.
• 1975 –
  Ponte City Apartments built.^[22]
• 1976
  • 16 June: Soweto uprising.^[9]
  • Market Theatre opens.^[23]
• 1978 – Staffrider literary magazine begins publication.^[24]
• 1980
  • Municipal workers' strike.^[25]
  • Federated Union of Black Artists Academy established.^[15]
• 1981 – The Sowetan newspaper begins publication.
• 1982
  • City Press newspaper begins publication.
  • Afrapix active.^[24]
• 1984
  • 3 September: Sharpeville Six
  • 11 Diagonal Street built.
• 1985
  • Weekly Mail newspaper begins publication.
  • Mormon Temple dedicated.
  • Population: 632,369 city; 1,609,408 urban agglomeration.^[26]
• 1987 – Water Institute of Southern Africa headquartered in city.^[27]
• 1988 – 31 August: Bombing of Khotso House.
• 1989
  • Soccer City stadium opens.
  • Centre for the Study of Violence and Reconciliation established.^[27]
• 1991 – Population: 712,507 city; 1,916,061 metro.^[26][28]
• 1992
  • Johannesburg Stadium opens.
  • Centre for Policy Studies headquartered in Johannesburg.^[27][29]
• 1994
  • 28 March: Shooting at Shell House.^[30]
  • City becomes seat of the new Gauteng province.
  • South African School of Motion Picture Medium and Live Performance
    established.
• 1995
  • Gallagher Convention Centre opens.
  • Centre for Development and Enterprise headquartered in Johannesburg.^[31]
  • Johannesburg Biennale art exhibit begins.^[15]
• 1996
  • 3 February:
    1996 Africa Cup of Nations Final
    football contest played in Johannesburg.
  • Population: 752,349 city.^[32]
• 1997
  • MTN Sundrome
    opens.
  • Flag of Johannesburg revised design adopted.
• 1998 – Website Joburg.org.za launched.^[33]
• 1998 – St Peter's College was founded.
• 1999 – September: 1999 All-Africa Games held in city.
• 2000
  • Johannesburg City Parks
    created.
  • Stoned Cherrie in business.^[34]
  • Population: 2,732,000 (urban agglomeration).^[35]

21st century

2000s

• 2001
  • Amos Masondo becomes mayor.^[36]
  • Monash University, South Africa campus
    established.
  • Population: 3,226,055.^[37]
• 2002
  • Soweto becomes part of city.
  • City hosts Earth Summit 2002.
• 2003 – Nelson Mandela Bridge built.
• 2004
  • Constitutional Court of South Africa building opens in Constitution Hill.
  • Drill Hall rebuilt.
  • Creative Commons South Africa headquartered at University of the Witwatersrand.[2]
• 2005
  • University of Johannesburg established.
  • 2 July: Live 8 concert.
  • Population: 3,272,000 (urban agglomeration).^[35]
• 2008
  • Joburg Art Fair begins.^[15]
  • Google office in business.^[38][39]
  • Species Australopithecus sediba discovered near Johannesburg.
• 2009
  • 28 June:
    2009 FIFA Confederations Cup Final
    football contest played in Johannesburg.

2010s

• 2010 – 11 July:
  2010 FIFA World Cup Final
  held.
• 2011
  • Parks Tau becomes mayor.^[40]
  • PM10, more than recommended.^[41]
  • Population: 4,434,827.[37]
• 2013
  • 10 February:
    2013 Africa Cup of Nations Final
    football contest played in Johannesburg.
  • 5 December:
    Nelson Mandela dies
    in Johannesburg.
• 2015 – October: #FeesMustFall protest.^[42]
• 2016 – 22 August: Herman Mashaba becomes mayor
• 2016 – Mduduzi Edmund Tshabalala died in Johannesburg
• 2016 – October: #FeesMustFall protest revival.
• 2018 – Winnie Madikizela-Mandela died in Johannesburg.
• 2018 – International 10th BRICS summit held at Sandton Convention Centre.
• 2018 – 24 October: Jabulani Tsambo died in Johannesburg

2020s

• 2021
  • 9 July 2021: Geoff Makhubo dies.
  • 10 August 2021: Jolidee Matongo becomes mayor.
  • 18 September 2021: Jolidee Matongo dies from a car accident

• 2023
  • 19 July 2023: Gas explosion destroys road in downtown.^[43]

See also

• History of Johannesburg
• Mayor of Johannesburg
• City of Johannesburg Metropolitan Municipality
• Timelines of other cities in South Africa: Cape Town, Durban, Pietermaritzburg, Port Elizabeth, Pretoria

References

Bibliography

Published in 20th century

• A. Samler Brown; G. Gordon Brown, eds. (1906), "Johannesburg", Guide to South Africa (14th ed.), London:
  Sampson Low, Marston & Company
• "Johannesburg" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). 1910. pp. 431–432.
• "Johannesburg" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 31 (12th ed.). 1922. p. 659.
• G.-M Van der Waal (1987), From mining camp to metropolis: the buildings of Johannesburg, 1886–1940, Pretoria: C. van Rensburg Publications for the Human Sciences Research Council,
  ISBN 0868460494
• Noelle Watson, ed. (1996). "Johannesburg". International Dictionary of Historic Places: Middle East and Africa. UK: Routledge.
  ISBN 1884964036
  .
• Musiker, 2000. A Concise Historical Dictionary of Greater Johannesburg, Francolin Pubs., Cape Town, South Africa.

Published in 21st century

2000s

• Loren Kruger (2001). "Theatre, Crime, and the Edgy City in Post-Apartheid Johannesburg". Theatre Journal. 53 (2): 223–252.
  S2CID 190702059
  .
• Jo Beall; et al. (2002), Uniting a Divided City: Governance and Social Exclusion in Johannesburg, Earthscan Publications Ltd.,
  ISBN 9781853839214
• People Behind the Walls: Insecurity, Identity and Gate Communities in Johannesburg, London: Crisis States Research Centre, 2002 – via International Relations and Security Network
• ISBN 978-3-7757-9090-1. Documenta11 + website
• Gardner Khumalo; et al. (2003), Alternative service delivery arrangements at municipal level in South Africa: Assessing the impact of service delivery and customer satisfaction in Johannesburg, Johannesburg: Centre for Policy Studies
• ISBN 0415234794
  .
• Lindsay Bremner (2004). Johannesburg: One City, Colliding Worlds. Johannesburg.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
• Owen Crankshaw and Susan Parnell (2004). "Johannesburg". In Josef Gugler (ed.). World Cities beyond the West: Globalization, Development, and Inequality. Cambridge University Press.
  ISBN 0521830036
  .
• "City of Hope, City of Fear: Johannesburg",
  National Geographic
  , vol. 205, Washington DC, 2004
• Christian M. Rogerson (2004). "Urban tourism and small tourism enterprise development in Johannesburg: The case of township tourism". GeoJournal. 60 (3): 249–257.
  S2CID 153867127
  .
• Christopher Schmitz (2004). "Johannesburg". In
  ISBN 978-1-135-45670-2
  .
• Lindsay Bremner (2005). "Remaking Johannesburg". In Stephen Read; et al. (eds.). Future: City. UK: Spon Press.
  ISBN 0415284503
  .
• JSTOR 20065097
  .
• ISBN 978-0-19-517055-9
  .
• S.B. Bekker and Anne Leildé, ed. (2006). Reflections on Identity in Four African Cities. South Africa: African Minds.
  ISBN 978-1-920051-40-2
  . (about Cape Town, Johannesburg, Libreville, Lomé)
• Franco Barchiesi (2007). "Privatization and the Historical Trajectory of 'Social Movement Unionism': A Case Study of Municipal Workers in Johannesburg, South Africa". International Labor and Working-Class History. 71 (71): 50–69.
  S2CID 145433168
  .
• Niall Ó. Murchú (2007). "Split Labor Markets and Ethnic Violence after World War I: A Comparison of Belfast, Chicago, and Johannesburg". Comparative Politics. 39 (4): 379–400.
  JSTOR 20434051
  .
• Sarah Nuttall, Achille Mbembe, ed. (2008). Johannesburg: The Elusive Metropolis. Duke University Press.
  ISBN 978-0822381211
  .
• Martin J. Murray (2008). "The city in fragments: kaleidoscopic Johannesburg after apartheid". In
  ISBN 978-0-691-13343-0
  .

2010s

• Abdou Maliq Simone (2012). "People as Infrastructure: Intersecting Fragments in Johannesburg". In Kerstin Pinther; et al. (eds.). Afropolis: City Media Art. Jacana Media. p. 38.
  ISBN 978-1-4314-0325-7
  .
• Johannesburg and Pretoria.
  ISBN 978-1-4093-1492-9
  .

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Johannesburg.

• "Johannesburg Timeline 1800–1991". South African History Online.
• "Registry: (Johannesburg)".
  Archivalplatform.org
  . Rondebosch. (Directory of South African archival and memory institutions and organisations)
• "(Johannesburg)". Directory of Open Access Journals. UK. (Bibliography of open access articles)
• "(Johannesburg)" – via Europeana. (Images, etc.)
• "(Johannesburg)" – via Digital Public Library of America. (Images, etc.)
• "(Johannesburg)".
  Internet Library Sub-Saharan Africa. Germany: Frankfurt University Library
  . (Bibliography)
• "(Johannesburg)". Connecting-Africa. Leiden, Netherlands:
  African Studies Centre
  . (Bibliography)
• "(Johannesburg)".
  AfricaBib.org
  . (Bibliography)
• "Johannesburg, South Africa". BlackPast.org. US.