Tisamenus (insect)

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Tisamenus
Different Tisamenus species
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Phasmatodea
Superfamily:
Bacilloidea
Family: Heteropterygidae
Subfamily: Obriminae
Tribe: Obrimini
Genus: Tisamenus
Stål, 1875
Synonyms
  • Ilocano
Male of Tisamenus alviolanus
Preparation of a male of Tisamenus hebardi (Syn. Ilocano hebardi)

The genus Tisamenus native to the Philippines combines small to medium-sized species of stick insects.

Tisamenus

Tisamenus sp. 'Cebu'

Tisamenus clotho 'Camarines'

Tisamenus deplanatus 'Pocdol'

Tisamenus sp. 'Camiguan'

Tisamenus sp. '

Sibuyan
'?

Ilocos
'

Tisamenus draconinus 'Palaui'

Tisamenus sp. 'San Pablo'

Tisamenus hebardi

Tisamenus serratorius

Tisamenus sp. 'Mt. Binangonan'

Tisamenus sp. 'Quezon'
= Tisamenus sp. 'Nueva Vizcaya'

Tisamenus sp. 'Macatel Falls'

Tisamenus sp. 'Cagayan'
= Tisamenus sp. 'Callao Cave'

Relationships of the examined Tisamenus species by Sarah Bank et al. (2021)[1]

Taxonomy

In 1875

Tisamenos (Τισαμενός), an ancient, male given name.[7]

Valid species are:[4]

Description

The representatives of this genus are consistently small to medium-sized with 2.5 to 4.5 centimetres (0.98 to 1.77 in) in the male and 3.0 to 6.7 centimetres (1.2 to 2.6 in) in the female sex. Both sexes are wingless. The often very similar species differ mainly in their species-specific spines. There are also species that have no or barely recognizable spines. A triangular structure on the

epiproct.[6][7][9]

Way of life and reproduction

The nocturnal animals hide near the ground during the day. Even at night they hardly climb higher than 20 centimetres (7.9 in) on the food plants. The eggs are laid in the ground by the females with the ovipositor. They are 4 to 5 millimetres (0.16 to 0.20 in) long and 2.5 to 3.0 millimetres (0.098 to 0.118 in) wide and usually covered with more or less clear lines of hairs. The micropylar plate has three arms and resembles an upside-down "Y". The arm pointing to the lid (operculum) is significantly longer than the arms pointing to the lower pole. The nymphs hatch after 4 to 6 months and need 5 to 7 months to become adult.[10][11]

In terraristics

In the

terrariums of the enthusiasts, in addition to some species that have already been identified, there are many previously scientifically unprocessed breeding stocks. The first animals of the genus which were bred in Europe were collected in 2009 by Joachim Bresseel and Thierry Heitzmann in the Quezon on Luzon. Locations are the Sierra Madre mountains near Real and Real itself. Bresseel, Rob Krijns and Tim Bollens found more animals in 2010. The animals first came to Europe as Tisamenus sp. 'Sierra Madre' or Tisamenus sp. 'Real'. The species was later identified by Bresseel as Tisamenus serratorius. The Phasmid Study Group lists them under PSG number 314.[12][13]

At the end of November 2008, Heitzmann collected a female in the Quezon National Park from which another breeding stock can be traced back. Specimens of this stock are called Tisamenus sp. 'Quezon National Park', according to initial assessments, it also belongs to Tisamenus serratorius Bressell, Bollens and Mark Bushell also found other specimens on Luzon in the province Aurora near the city San Luis in Cunayan. These are also similar to Tisamenus serratorius, but have more or clearer spines, especially along the middle of the body. They are also named after where they were found and called Tisamenus sp. 'Cunayan'. The Phasmid Study Group gave them the PSG number 359.[7][10][13]

In October and November 2010, Heitzmann found Tisamenus deplanatus in southern Luzon in the

Ilocos region. They are called Tisamenus sp. 'Ilocos' or following a more recent designation as Tisamenus fratercula 'Ilocos' and listed under the PSG number 391.[7][11][12][13]

At the beginning of June 2014, Albert Kang brought animals from the island of

Sibuyan that were initially named and distributed as Tisamenus sp. 'Sibuyan'. Frank H. Hennemann identified it as Tisamenus hystrix in 2023. Another breeding stock goes back to two very differently colored females that Heitzmann and Kang collected on November 5, 2014 in a protected area near the Callao Cave in the province of Cagayan. From the eggs laid by these females, a sexual stock could be established, which was called and distributed as Tisamenus sp. 'Cagayan'. It is one of the most widespreaded species of the genus. A stock, initially called Tisamenus sp. 'Palaui' comes from the island Palaui, which also belongs to the province of Cagayan. It is similarly spiny to Tisamenus sp. 'Cagayan', but clearly more contrasting and intensely colored. Characteristic of this species is an orange color in the females and an almost reddish color in the males. The species was identified by Hennemann in 2023 as Tisamenus draconinus
, so the stock must be referred to entirely as Tisamenus draconinus 'Palaui'.

From Camarines Norte comes a stock which, according to Bank et al., belongs to Tisamenus clotho.[1] It was initially called Tisamenus cf. clotho 'Camarines'. Not in breeding is Tisamenus hebardi which was initially known as Tisamenus sp. 'Ifugao and later called Ilocano hebardi 'Sagada', which was first collected by Heitzmann and Kang in October 2013 and in April 2014 by Heitzmann, Bresseel and Jérôme Constant in the cloud forest on Mount Polis.[10]

The keeping and breeding of most of the species mentioned is considered easy. They willingly feed on various forage plants such as

ivy and Hypericum. They only need small, moderately moist terrariums with a substrate for laying eggs.[10][11]

Gallery

References

  1. ^ a b c Bank, S.; Buckley, T. R.; Büscher, T. H.; Bresseel, J.; Constant, J.; de Haan, M.; Dittmar, D.; Dräger, H.; Kahar, R. S.; Kang, A.; Kneubühler, B.; Langton-Myers, S. & Bradler, S. (2021). Reconstructing the nonadaptive radiation of an ancient lineage of ground-dwelling stick insects (Phasmatodea: Heteropterygidae), Systematic Entomology, DOI: 10.1111/syen.12472
  2. ^ Stål, C. (1875). Recensio orthopterorum. Revue critique des orthoptères, décrits par Linné, de Geer et Thunberg par C. Stål, in Öfversigt af Kongliga Vetenskaps-Akademiens Förhandlingar, part 32, p. 93
  3. ^ Kirby, W. F. (1904). A synonymic catalogue of Orthoptera. 1. Orthoptera Euplexoptera, Cursoria et Gressoria. (Forficulidae, Hemimeridae, Blattidae, Mantidae, Phasmidae), p. 399
  4. ^ a b Brock, P. D.; Büscher, T. H. & Baker, E. W.: Phasmida Species File Online (accessdate 23 February 2024)
  5. Rehn, J. A. G. & Rehn, J. W. H. (1939). Proceedings of The Academy of Natural Sciences (Vol. 90, 1938)
    , Philadelphia, pp. 460–484.
  6. ^
    ISBN 978-3931374396
  7. ^
    ISSN 2190-3476
  8. ISBN 978-3-937285-84-9
  9. ISBN 3-933646-89-8
  10. ^
    ISSN 1381-3420
  11. ^ a b c Breeding instructions for Tisamenus deplanata on phasmatodea.com by Bruno Kneubühler
  12. ^ a b phasmatodea.com by Hennemann, F. H.; Conle, O. V.; Kneubühler, B. and Valero, P.
  13. ^ a b c Phasmid Study Group Culture List

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tisamenus_(insect)&oldid=1210039786"