Transient tachypnea of the newborn
Transient tachypnea of the newborn | |
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Other names | Transitory tachypnea of newborn |
Specialty | Pediatrics |
Transient tachypnea of the newborn is a
Signs and symptoms
Symptoms of transient tachypnea of the newborn include
Pathophysiology
Due to the higher incidence of transient tachypnea of the newborn in infants delivered by caesarean section, it has been postulated that it could result from a delayed absorption of fetal lung fluid from the pulmonary lymphatic system. The increased fluid in the lungs leads to increased airway resistance and reduced lung compliance. It is thought this could be from lower levels of circulating catecholamines after a caesarean section, which are believed to be necessary to alter the function of the ENaC channel to absorb excess fluid from the lungs. Pulmonary immaturity has also been proposed as a causative factor. Levels of phosphatidylglycerol (an indicator of lung maturity) were found to be negative in certain newborns. Mild surfactant deficiency has also been suggested as a causative factor.[citation needed]
Diagnosis
Transient tachypnea of the newborn is a diagnosis of exclusion as it is a benign condition that can have symptoms and signs similar to more serious conditions, such as respiratory distress syndrome.[2] A chest X-ray may show a radiopaque line - fluid - in the horizontal fissure of the right lung, fluid infiltrate throughout alveoli or fluid in individual lung lobes.[2] The lungs may also appear hyperinflated.[5]
Treatment
Supportive care is the treatment of choice for transient tachypnea of the newborn. This may include withholding oral feeding in periods of extreme tachypnea (over 60 breaths per minute) to prevent aspiration, supplemental oxygen, and CPAP.
Prognosis
Transient tachypnea of the newborn is usually self limiting, however, it may be associated with wheezing syndromes as the child grows older.[4]
Epidemiology
Transient tachypnea of the newborn occurs in approximately 1 in 100 preterm infants and 3.6-5.7 per 1000 term infants. It is most common in infants born by Caesarian section without a trial of labor after 35 weeks' gestation. Male infants and infants with an
References
- PMID 25274969.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-7234-3397-2.
- PMID 17956068.
- ^ PMID 27211231.
- ISBN 978-0-8385-6687-9.
- ^ a b Wells, RG (2015). "Neonatal Lung Disease". Diagnostic Imaging of Infants and Children. McGraw Hill.
- PMID 32180216.
- PMID 32302428.
- PMID 33543473.