Transportation in Jacksonville, Florida

The Jacksonville transportation network includes ground, air, and sea options for passenger and freight transit. The

Background

Jacksonville is a sprawling city making cohesive walking and bicycling options difficult. Cycling still remains popular in some central urban areas for both recreation and commuting. The city manages to sustain a relatively low amount of traffic congestion for a city of its population, this is mostly related to the vast 767 square miles (1,990 km²)^[2] area the city covers, an area much larger than most cities with a population over 800,000.

Jacksonville's low

Jacksonville once had a large streetcar system. On February 24, 1893, Jacksonville began service with its first streetcar line. By the late 1920s, Jacksonville had what was Florida's largest streetcar system, run by multiple different companies. However, by the early 1930s, buses replaced streetcars, and the streetcars slowly perished. The last year of service was 1936.[4]

Mobility issues include:^[5]

• Bus-only city mass transit system; the absence of rapid transit and light rail.
• Undue emphasis on
  sidewalks and bike paths
  .
• Excessive automobile usage resulting in
  air quality
• Lack of cross-town bus routes, forcing bus riders to travel downtown to cross from one side of the city to another, often doubling or tripling what the trip distance would have been with a direct route.
• "Lack of vision" in building a transportation network based entirely on non-
  renewable resources and old technology
• Paucity of scheduled bus routes, often forcing riders to choose between arriving at a destination extremely early, or late.
• Lack of night bus services, which forces those who work late shifts to find other ways to get around. These can be much more expensive.
• Fiscal costs of building (for instance liens), repairing, and replacing roads

There are other concerns over a lack of safe walking paths in many areas of the city. Many

Road transportation

Road infrastructure

Interstate highways:

• Metropolitan Los Angeles
  .
• Miami
  .
• Interstate 295 serves as a beltway routing around the city and connects to all of the interstate highways.

Interstate Highways 10 and 95 intersect in Jacksonville, creating the busiest intersection in the region with 200,000 vehicles each day.^[6] Interstate 10 ends at this intersection (the other end being in Santa Monica, California).

A $152 million project to create a high-speed interchange at the intersection of Interstates 10 and 95 began in February 2005, after the conclusion of Super Bowl XXXIX. Construction was expected to take nearly six years with multiple lane flyovers and the requirement that the interchange remain open throughout the project. The previous configuration utilized single lane, low speed, curved ramps which created backups during rush hours and contributed to accidents.^[7]

Major arterial highways:

• US 1 The primary north-south local access roadway through downtown Jacksonville.
• US 17 Roosevelt Boulevard is a major north-south connector from downtown Jacksonville to Clay County.
• US 23 Kings Road, is another major north-south connector that terminates in downtown Jacksonville as Union Street going southeast and State Street going northwest. Most of the road is either multiplexed with US 1 or US 17.
• US 90 Beach Boulevard is a major east-west connector from downtown Jacksonville to the beaches.
• State Road 202 J. Turner Butler Boulevard is a major connector from Jacksonville to the beaches.
• State Road 10 Atlantic Boulevard is the north connector to the beaches.
• State Road 115 Southside Boulevard is a southeast residential connector; in north Jacksonville, it goes by many names but is a northwest residential connector.
• State Road A1A Scenic two-lane road that runs along the Atlantic Ocean.

Buses

• Regular bus service – JTA's fleet has 180 vehicles that travel 8.5 million miles per year on 56 routes; 110 maintenance workers and 320 drivers are employed. Bicycle racks are now available on all city buses.
• Express bus service – Five once-daily early morning routes are offered which originate from an outlying area and go directly to their destination with no intermediate stops, then return in late afternoon.
• Trolley-replica buses – local transportation available weekdays from mid-morning to early afternoon; Bay Street and Beaver Street (downtown) routes are free; Riverside and the Beach trolley have a minimal charge.
• Stadium shuttle – game day bus transportation from suburban, downtown and Park-n-Ride locations to the stadium and back.
• JTA Connexion (paratransit) – special transport for the disabled and elderly, provided by private vendors with specially equipped vehicles and drivers.
• Central Station
  .

Parking

• Park-n-Ride – Parking facility available in combination with express bus service or Jacksonville Skyway.^[8]
• Many companies offer Taxi service in Jacksonville. A cab can be hailed from the Jacksonville International Airport and most downtown locations, but elsewhere requires a phone call.^[9]

Rail transportation

Monorail network

The Jacksonville Skyway is an automated people mover connecting Florida State College at Jacksonville downtown campus, the Northbank central business district, Convention Center, and Southbank locations. The system includes 8 stops connected by two lines. The existing train is a UMIII monorail built by Bombardier. The guideway consists of concrete beams which rest atop an unusually large support structure not used in most monorail systems. Maximum speed for the train is 48 km/h (30 mph).^[10]

A monorail was first proposed in the 1970s as part of a mobility plan hoping to attract interest from the Urban Mass Transit Administration's Downtown Peoplemover Program. The initial study was undertaken by the Florida Department of Transportation and Jacksonville's planning department, who took the Skyway project to the Jacksonville Transportation Authority (JTA) in 1977. Following further development and a final 18-month feasibility study, the UMTA selected Jacksonville as one of seven cities to receive federal funding for an automated people mover. Two other related projects are Miami's Metromover and Detroit People Mover. UMTA's approved plan called for the construction of a 2.5-mile (4.0 km) Phase I system to be built in three segments.

Intercity rail

Freight rail

Jacksonville is the headquarters of two significant freight railroads. CSX Transportation, owns a large building on the downtown riverbank that is a significant part of the skyline. Florida East Coast Railway also calls Jacksonville home.

Aviation

Airports

• Craig Municipal Airport in Arlington, located about 8 miles from Downtown Jacksonville. Craig is a general aviation
  airport for business and personal aircraft as well as small commuter planes. The airport has a control tower and handles 400-500 aircraft operations daily.
• Cecil Field, in Westside, is a civil-military airport at Cecil Commerce Center that services military aircraft, corporate aircraft, general aviation, and air cargo. The Florida Army National Guard's primary Aviation Support Facility and the United States Coast Guard
  's Helicopter Interdiction Tactical Squadron (HITRON) are also located there.
• gliders. JAA is the Fixed-base operator
  in the absence of a control tower.

Public seaports in Jacksonville are managed by the Jacksonville Port Authority, known as JAXPORT. Imported and exported goods are shipped from well over 100 countries through the Port of Jacksonville. JAXPORT operates three main cargo facilities: the Blount Island Marine Terminal, the Talleyrand Marine Terminal and the Dames Point Marine Terminal.^[12] Through these terminals over 21 million tons of cargo is shipped each year.^[13] Port activity is estimated to have an annual impact of over $19 billion, including 65,000 jobs.^[14]

The Port of Jacksonville also serves as a hub for passenger ships. The

• Jacksonville Riverwalks
  .
• The Mayport Ferry has been operating since 1948 and is the last active ferry in Florida.^[18] It connects State Road A1A between Mayport and Fort George Island.

Future and proposed projects

Several proposals for expanding the Jacksonville transit system are in various stages of discussion, planning, or initial funding.

• In 2010,
  Cecil Field became the United States' eighth licensed commercial spaceport and the first in Florida authorized to fly space vehicles that take off and land horizontally.^[19]
• The
  St. Augustine, FL.^[20]
• JTA is applying for grants to extend the Jacksonville Skyway into a new station located next to the operations and maintenance center in Jacksonville's fast-growing Brooklyn neighborhood.^[21][22]

See also

• Jacksonville Transportation Authority
• Jacksonville Aviation Authority
• Northeast Florida Regional Transportation Commission
• Plug-in electric vehicles in Florida § Jacksonville

References

External links

• Jacksonville International Airport website