Treebeard

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This article is about the fictional character. For the fantasy illustrator, see Chris Baker (artist).

Treebeard
First appearanceThe Two Towers (1954)
In-universe information
Aliases
  • Fangorn
  • The Ent
RaceEnt
Fangorn Forest
Wilderland

Treebeard, or Fangorn in

oak.[T 1]

In

the Shire. This meeting proves to have consequences that contribute significantly to the story and enables the events that occur in The Return of the King
.

Fangorn's forest

Further information: Forests in Middle-earth
Fangorn
forest (top) is at the southern end of the Misty Mountains and west of the River Anduin.

The Forest of Fangorn was at the south-eastern end of the

Rohan, and Lothlórien lay to the north and slightly east. Fangorn Forest stretched for many miles and held many paths.[T 2][T 1]

Two significant rivers ran through the forest. To the north the Limlight flowed from the woods and then formed the northern border of Rohan. The river then merged into the larger Anduin. In the south, the Entwash spread deep into the forest arriving from Methedras, a mountainous region located near the Misty Mountains. The river then flowed through Rohan to the great river, the Anduin. The valley of Derndingle was to the south-west. There was a path where the Entwash passed into a region called Wellinghall with one of Treebeard's homes.[T 2][T 1]

Fangorn Forest was said to be humid, and trunks and branches of many kinds of tree grew thick, allowing little light to penetrate. Huorns also lived deep within the forest, like Ents but more discreet. The Ents and Huorns drank from the river Entwash, and from it the Ents brewed their legendary drink, the Ent-draughts.[T 1]

Fictional biography

Further information:
Ents

Ents were created in the Elder Days to be the "Shepherds of the Trees" and protect trees from the anticipated destruction that

Elves. He says that only three Ents remain from the Elder Days: himself, Leaflock and Skinbark. He recalls when he could walk through the woods of Middle-earth for days. He sings a song about roaming the woods of Middle-earth, naming regions of Beleriand which were destroyed in the war with Morgoth and now lie "beneath the waves." He says there are valleys in Fangorn forest where the Great Darkness, the period of Morgoth's rule before the arising of the Moon and Sun, never lifted, and the trees are older than he.[T 1]

Treebeard is described in some detail:

"They found they were looking at a most extraordinary face. It belonged to a large man-like, almost

Troll-like, figure, at least fourteen foot high, very sturdy, with a tall head, and hardly any neck. Whether it was clad in stuff like green and grey bark, or whether that was its hide, was difficult to say. At any rate the arms, at a short distance from the trunk, were not wrinkled, but covered with a brown smooth skin. The large feet had seven toes each. The lower part of the long face was covered with a sweeping grey beard, bushy, almost twiggy at the roots, thin and mossy at the ends. But at the moment the hobbits noted little but the eyes. These deep eyes were now surveying them, slow and solemn, but very penetrating. They were brown, shot with a green light."[T 1]

Treebeard learns that the hobbits think that Gandalf is dead, though apparently he knows otherwise.[1] He takes them to a place called Wellinghall, where the hobbits tell him their adventures and of Saruman's treachery.[1] Treebeard replies that there is "something very big going on, that I can see", and comments that the hobbits "seem to be caught up in a great storm."[T 1]

Treebeard muses, "I must do something, I suppose." He recalls although he told Saruman many things, Saruman never told him anything. He realizes that Saruman is plotting to be "a Power", and wonders what evil he is really doing: why has Saruman taken up with Orcs, why there are so many Orcs in his woods, and why these Orcs are able to bear sunlight. He is angered by trees being felled "to feed the fires of

Entwives.[T 1]

The next day, Treebeard announces that he has been busy, and they will drink and then go to the Entmoot, a gathering of Ents. He carries them there; the gathering lasts three days. It ends with all the Ents shouting, and then singing a marching song and striding to

Huorns follow, marching, as they later discover, to the Battle of Helm's Deep.[T 1]

The Ents arrive at Isengard as Saruman's army is leaving, and they wait until it has gone. Treebeard bangs on the gates and shouts for Saruman to come forth. Saruman refuses, and the Ents attack. They reduce the outer walls to rubble and destroy much of what is inside. Treebeard gets the Ents to divert the river Isen, drowning the ruined fortress and its underground furnaces and workshops. Saruman is left in the impregnable tower, surrounded by water and watchful Ents.[T 3]

A delegation led by Gandalf arrives at Isengard and, except for Gandalf, are amazed that it has been destroyed. Treebeard promises that Saruman will remain in the tower.[T 4]

Treebeard is still at Isengard, now renamed the Treegarth of Orthanc, when a group led by Aragorn, King of Gondor, arrives after the victory over Sauron, made possible partly because the Ents had helped to destroy Saruman's forces. Treebeard admits that he had let Saruman go. Gandalf gently chastises him, saying that Saruman might have persuaded Treebeard to let him go by "the poison of his voice." Treebeard delivers the keys of Orthanc to the King, who gives the valley of Orthanc to Treebeard and his ents.[T 5]

Analysis

In-fiction origins

In

Riders of Rohan called Fangorn Forest the "Entwood", the wood of the Ents. Treebeard gave it various names in Quenya, another Elvish language: "Ambaróna" means "uprising, sunrise, orient" from amba, "upwards" and róna, "east". "Aldalómë" means "tree twilight" from alda, "tree" and lómë, "dusk, twilight".[T 6] "Tauremorna" means "gloomy forest" from taur, "forest", and morna, "gloomy".[T 6] "Tauremornalómë" means "gloomy twilight forest".[T 7]

Medieval echoes

Further information: Tolkien and the medieval

The word "Ent" was taken from the

Maxims II, orþanc enta geweorc ("cunning work of giants"),[2] which describes Roman ruins in Britain.[T 8][3]

The philologist and Tolkien scholar Tom Shippey notes that Treebeard says farewell to the elf-rulers Celeborn and Galadriel "with great reverence" and the words "It is long, long since we met by stock or by stone",[T 5] in words which echo a line in the Middle English poem Pearl: "We meten so selden by stok other stone". Where in Pearl the mention of stock and stone means in earthy reality, Shippey writes, the phrase fits the Fangorn context well, since Treebeard's "sense of ultimate loss naturally centres on felled trees and barren ground."[4]

Environmentalism

Further information: Environmentalism in The Lord of the Rings

Matthew T. Dickerson and Jonathan Evans see Treebeard as vocalizing a vital part of Tolkien's environmental ethic, the need to preserve and look after every kind of wild place, especially forests.[5] Tolkien's biographer John Garth writes that "A deep feeling for trees is Tolkien's most distinctive response to the natural world."[6]

Professorial figure

Shippey, who like Tolkien had been a university professor, writes that Fangorn's explanations are "authoritative and indeed .. 'professorial'. They admit no denial."

Inkling, and professor of English at the University of Oxford, C. S. Lewis.[8]

Portrayal in adaptations

Treebeard, as portrayed in Ralph Bakshi's The Lord of the Rings

Treebeard has

inspired artists and illustrators such as Inger Edelfeldt, John Howe,[9] Ted Nasmith,[10] Anke Eißmann,[11] and Alan Lee.[12] In Ralph Bakshi's 1978 animated adaptation of The Lord of the Rings, John Westbrook provided the voice of Treebeard.[13] Stephen Thorne voiced the character in BBC Radio's 1981 serialization.[14]

Treebeard (voiced by John Rhys-Davies) in Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers

In

CGI construct; his voice is performed by John Rhys-Davies, who also portrays Gimli.[15] Jackson's interpretation of Treebeard makes him far more suspicious of the Hobbits (as possible Orcs) than Tolkien does,[16] and far more reluctant to go to war with Saruman until he sees the damage done to the forest.[17]

A 6-metre-high sculpture of Treebeard by Tolkien's great-nephew Tim Tolkien received planning permission in Birmingham, where Tolkien grew up.[18] On The Tolkien Ensemble's album At Dawn in Rivendell, Treebeard is voiced by Christopher Lee.[19]

References

Primary

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Tolkien 1954, book 3, ch. 4 "Treebeard"
  2. ^ a b The Lord of the Rings Map: "The West of Middle-earth at the End of the Third Age"
  3. ^ Tolkien 1954, book 3, ch. 9 "Flotsam and Jetsam"
  4. ^ Tolkien 1954, book 3, ch. 8 "The Road to Isengard"
  5. ^ a b Tolkien 1955 book 6, ch. 6 "Many Partings"
  6. ^ a b Tolkien 1977, Appendix: "Elements in Quenya and Sindarin Names"
  7. ^ Tolkien 1987
  8. ^ Carpenter 2023, #163 to W. H. Auden, 7 June 1955

Secondary

  1. ^ a b Lobdell 1975, p. 84.
  2. ISBN 978-0-618-12764-1
    .
  3. ^ Shippey 2005, p. 149.
  4. ^ Shippey 2005, p. 205.
  5. ^ Dickerson & Evans 2006, pp. 119–144.
  6. ^ Garth 2020, pp. 112–131.
  7. ^ Shippey 2005, pp. 150–151.
  8. ^ Carpenter 1977, p. 198.
  9. ^ Howe, John (2002). "Treebeard". Illustrator John Howe. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
  10. ^ Nasmith, Ted. "Treebeard and the Entmoot". Ted Nasmith official website. Archived from the original on 24 May 2012. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
  11. ^ Eißmann, Anke (2000). "Treebeard". Anke Eißmann official website. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
  12. ^ Joint, Laura (5 October 2007). "Trees as art". BBC. Retrieved 16 September 2012.
  13. ISBN 978-1-56976-222-6
    .
  14. ISBN 978-1-4721-0067-2
    .
  15. ^ Nathan, Ian (23 October 2012) [2002]. "The Making Of The Two Towers". Empire. Retrieved 28 March 2020. Treebeard will mainly be a CGI creation; this animatronic version is used for the close-ups with Hobbit actors Billy Boyd and Dominic Monaghan.
  16. ISBN 978-1887726092
    .
  17. ISBN 1-887726-09-8
    .
  18. ^ "LOTR statue in safety debate". CBBC Newsround. 9 April 2006. Retrieved 6 November 2010.
  19. ^ Cunningham, Michael (The Tolkien Society) (13 May 2003). "'At Dawn in Rivendell' Review". The One Ring. Retrieved 2 October 2022.

Sources

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