University of the Philippines Los Baños

Coordinates: 14°9′54.18″N 121°14′29.55″E / 14.1650500°N 121.2415417°E / 14.1650500; 121.2415417
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University of the Philippines Los Baños
Unibersidad ng Pilipinas Los Baños
U.P. Naming Mahal" ("U.P. Beloved")
Colors UP Maroon and UP Forest Green
AffiliationsAssociation of Pacific Rim Universities
ASEAN-European University Network
ASEAN University Network
Websitehttps://uplb.edu.ph/main/
University of the Philippines Los Baños is located in Laguna
University of the Philippines Los Baños
Location in Laguna
University of the Philippines Los Baños is located in Luzon
University of the Philippines Los Baños
University of the Philippines Los Baños (Luzon)

The University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB;

(UP) units.

The university has played an influential role in Asian agriculture and biotechnology due to its pioneering efforts in plant breeding and

(SEARCA).

UPLB offers more than 100 degree programs in various disciplines through its nine colleges and two schools, 29 of which are undergraduate degree programs. As of 2021, nine academic programs were recognized by the Commission on Higher Education as Centers of Excellence while one program was recognized as Center of Development.[6]

UPLB alumni have been recognized in a wide range of fields. They include 16 scientists awarded the title National Scientist of the Philippines,[2] members of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,[7] Palanca Award winners,[8][9] as well as political and business leaders.

History

Classes were first held in tents.[10][11][12]
U.P. College of Agriculture Foundation Site

UPLB was originally established as the

Philippine Normal College in Manila, was its first dean.[10][11] Classes began in June 1909 with five professors while 12 students initially enrolled in the program.[12]

During the

Filipino guerrillas were killed in the raid. However, Japanese reinforcements arrived two days later, destroying UPCA facilities[10][12] and killing some 1,500 Filipino civilians in Los Baños soon afterwards.[14][15]

UPCA became the first unit of the University of the Philippines to open after the war, with Leopoldo Uichanco as dean. However, only 125 (16 percent) of the original students enrolled. It was even worse for the School of Forestry, which only had nine students. Likewise, only 38 professors returned to teach. UPCA used its

470,546 (US$10,800)[16] share in the Philippine-US War Damage Funds (released in 1947) for reconstruction.[17]

Further financial endowments from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) and the Mutual Security Agency (MSA) allowed the construction of new facilities, while scholarship grants, mainly from the Rockefeller Foundation and the International Cooperation Administration, helped fund the training of UPCA faculty. From 1947 to 1958, a total of 146 faculty members had been granted MS and PhD scholarships in US universities.[17]

The Department of Agricultural Information and Communication building (now College of Development Communication) was built under Umali's Five-Year Development Program.[18]

Dioscoro Umali became UPCA dean in 1959. Umali's administration oversaw the creation of IRRI, SEARCA (of which he was the first director),[19] and the Department of Food Science and Technology. New facilities were also constructed under his Five-Year Development Program.[18]

Cornell University was instrumental in the post-war rebuilding of UP's Los Baños colleges. The Cornell-Los Baños project, implemented in 1952 to 1960, involved the rebuilding of UPCA's physical plant and Central Experiment Station, procurement of scientific equipment, and upgrading of teaching standards. A similar undertaking between Cornell, Syracuse University, the State University of New York, and the UP College of Forestry was implemented between 1957 and 1963. A "sister university relationship" was formally established in 1962 through the UP-Cornell Graduate Education program, which sought to develop and expand UP's agricultural education, research and extension programs, and to strengthen Cornell's own international agricultural development program. The program ended in 1972.[20]

The 1969 Philippine balance of payments crisis[21][22] under the Ferdinand Marcos government marked the beginning of a prolonged period of social unrest across the country, including in UP Los Baños.[23] This period of unrest, which included the First Quarter Storm, coincided with another issue, which was the call for the UP College of Agriculture to become independent from the University of the Philippines in Diliman.[23]

When

Ramon Jasul, and Jessica Sales
.

Later in 1972, UPCA formally requested

The establishment of UPLB as an autonomous campus also saw the establishment of the UPLB Perspective as its student paper in 1973 – earning it the distinction of being one of the first student newspapers to be allowed to publish after the September 1972 martial law crackdown on newspapers and other media establishments.[23]

Violent crime incidents in the UPLB community, with some resulting in the deaths of students (Eileen Sarmenta and Allan Gomez in 1993,[27] Given Grace Cebanico in 2011,[28] Ray Bernard Peñaranda and Maria Victoria Reyes in 2012)[29][30][31] were widely covered by the national media. As a result, national government agencies, the local government of Los Baños, and the university administration have enacted more stringent security measures.[32]

In recent years, the government launched new construction projects in UPLB. These include the construction of a new main library, the Food Processing Research and Development Center, the Agricultural and Economic Development Studies Center, and a microbial bank for the BIOTECH Philippine National Collection of Microorganisms.[33][34]

Campus

UPLB Campus map (excluding College of Public Affairs, IRRI and off-site land grants)

The UPLB campus consists of 14,665 ha (36,240 acres) spread across the provinces of Laguna, Negros Occidental,[35] and Quezon.

Baker Memorial Hall

Los Baños campus

The 1,098 ha (2,710-acre) Los Baños campus houses UPLB's academic facilities, as well as experimental farms for agriculture and biotechnology research.

Freedom Park, and Baker Memorial Hall
.

UPLB is designated as caretaker of the 4,347 ha (10,740-acre)

continental United States (an area 32 times bigger than the Philippines).[37] It serves as an outdoor laboratory for faculty and students of the university.[11][38]

Land grants

UPLB has three major land grants: the Laguna-Quezon Land Grant, La Carlota Land Grant, and Laguna Land Grant.[4]

The 5,719 ha (14,130-acre) Laguna-Quezon Land Grant is located in the towns of

Paete, Laguna, also acquired in 1964, is mostly undeveloped. Numerous parties have expressed interest in developing the land grants; however, UPLB has not entertained the potential investors due to the "lack of a solid development plan."[42]

Panabo Professional School

The UP Professional School for Agriculture and the Environment (UP PSAE) in

Panabo City was established in 2016 to cater to agribusiness professionals in the Davao metropolitan area. Supervised by the UPLB Graduate School, UP PSAE was established through a grant by Damosa Land Inc., a leading property developer in Mindanao.[43][44]

Organization and administration

University of the Philippines Los Baños Chancellors
Name Tenure of office

Abelardo G. Samonte 1973–1978
Emil Q. Javier 1979–1985
Raul P. De Guzman 1986–1991
Ruben B. Aspiras 1991–1993
Ruben L. Villareal 1993–1999
Wilfredo P. David 1999–2005
Luis Rey I. Velasco 2005–2011
Rex Victor O. Cruz 2011–2014
Fernando C. Sanchez Jr. 2014–2020
Jose V. Camacho Jr. 2020–

References [19][45][46][47][48]

As part of the University of the Philippines System, UPLB is governed by the 11-person UP Board of Regents, which is jointly chaired by the head of the Commission on Higher Education and the UP president.[49][50]

The Board of Regents has the authority to approve the institution, merger, and abolition of degree programs as recommended by the UP president. It also has the power to confer degrees. The UP president, who is appointed by the Board of Regents, is the university's chief executive officer and the head of the faculty.[50]

UPLB is administered by a chancellor who is elected by the UP Board of Regents to a three-year term. The chancellor may only serve for up to two terms.[47][50] Under him are six vice-chancellors specializing in academic affairs, administration, community affairs, planning and development, research and extension, and student affairs.[51]

The current chancellor is Dr Jose Camacho, the tenth to hold the office.

UPLB, through the

UP System, is a member of the Association of Pacific Rim Universities, a consortium of leading research universities in the Asia-Pacific region.[52]

Student government

The University Student Council (USC) is the "highest governing body of all UPLB students." Together with college student councils (CSCs), it assembles as the Student Legislative Chamber and acts as the highest policy-making body of the USC. The USC is composed of a chairperson, vice-chairperson, 10 councilors, a representative for each college/school with less than 500 students, and an additional college representative for every 500 students in excess of the first 500. Members are given one-year terms. CSCs have a similar structure, but with a different number of councilors based on the student population.[53][54]

The Student Disciplinary Tribunal (SDT) is responsible for sanctioning erring students. Common offenses include student misconduct and fraternity rumbles. The SDT is composed of a chairperson, two appointees of the chancellor, a student juror, and a parent juror.[53]

Academics

Schools and colleges of UPLB
Unit Foundation Notes
College of Agriculture and Food Science 1909 [10]
College of Arts and Sciences 1972 [55]
College of Development Communication 1954 [56]
College of Economics and Management 1975 [57]
College of Engineering and Agro-Industrial Technology 1912 [58]
School of Environmental Science and Management 1977 [59]
College of Forestry and Natural Resources 1910
Graduate School 1972 [60]
College of Human Ecology 1974 [61]
College of Public Affairs and Development 1998 [62]
College of Veterinary Medicine 1908 [63]

UPLB offers undergraduate and graduate degree programs through its nine colleges and two schools.[64] Most of these programs award science degrees. It also awards high school diplomas through the University of the Philippines Rural High School (UPRHS), a subunit of the College of Arts and Sciences, which acts as a laboratory for its BS Math and Science Teaching students.[65]

Admission and graduation

UPLB admits more than 2,500 students and produces about 1,800 graduates every year. Undergraduate admission is determined by the

minority groups.[69] Before the UPCAT was used for admission, UPCA only admitted the top 5 percent of Philippine high school graduates.[70]

High school freshman admission, on the other hand, is determined by the eight-hour-long UPRHS Entrance Examination. Only the top 125 examinees are admitted.[71] Sophomore transferees take the two-day UPRHS Validation Examination, and are admitted depending on the available slots.[72]

Normally, a student who completes the program may graduate with honors if his general weighted average (GWA) is 1.75 or above. The title summa cum laude is awarded to graduates who obtain a GWA of 1.20 or above, magna cum laude to graduates with a GWA of 1.45 to 1.20, and cum laude to graduates with a GWA of between 1.75 and 1.45.[73] As of 2011 there have been 30 summa cum laudes who have graduated from UPLB.[74]

Tuition and financial aid

With the passage of Republic Act 10931, tuition and fees have been waived for students pursuing their degrees for the first time in exchange for return service, although it is possible to opt out and pay the full tuition instead.[75]

Before this law was passed, the base tuition fee per unit in UPLB was ₱1,000 (US$23).[16] Along with other UP constituents, UPLB implemented the Socialized Tuition and Financial Assistance Program (STFAP), wherein students with annual family incomes between ₱1,000,000 (US$23,000) and ₱500,000 (US$11,500)[16] were charged the base tuition fee; students with annual family incomes between ₱500,000 and ₱135,000 (US$3,110) were charged ₱600 (US$14) per unit;[16] those whose incomes fell between ₱135,000 and ₱80,000 (US$1,840) were charged ₱300 (US$7);[16] while those whose incomes fell below ₱80,000 were not charged any fees.[76] Those with annual family incomes above ₱1,000,000 were charged ₱1,500 (US$35) per unit.[16]

Accreditation

UPLB is identified by the Commission on Higher Education as a Center of Excellence in Agriculture, Agricultural Engineering, Biology, Forestry, Information Technology, Environmental Science, Development Communication, Statistics and Veterinary Medicine, as well as a Center of Development in Chemical Engineering.[2] Five undergraduate programs were given the ASEAN University Network-Quality Assessment certification: BS Biology, BS Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, BS Development Communication, BS Forestry and BS Agriculture.[77]

Libraries and collections

As of 2007, UPLB's 12 libraries, collectively referred to as the University Library, hold a total of 346,061 volumes.

UN-HABITAT and UNU) and the World Bank. It is a contributor to the International Information System for Agricultural Services and Technology, contributing nearly 30,000 titles between 1975 and 2010.[78][79]

195,282 of these volumes are housed at the Main Library, while the rest are in unit libraries. The Main Library also houses theses, digital sources, and 1,215 serial titles, among other materials.[4] It has a total floor area of 6,336 m2 (68,200 sq ft) and a seating capacity of 510, making it the largest library in UPLB.[79]

One of UPLB's unit libraries is the College of Veterinary Medicine-Animal and Dairy Sciences Cluster Library. It has 17,798 volumes and 198 serial titles, and a total floor area of 609.25 m2 (6,557.9 sq ft). It claims to hold the largest collection on veterinary and animal sciences in the country.[80]

UPLB manages the UPLB Museum of Natural History, which was established in 1976 at the foothills of Mt. Makiling. It holds over 600,000 biological specimens, including half of the specimens from the Philippine Water Bug Inventory Project, and a third of the Dioscoro S. Rabor Wildlife Collection. More than half of the specimens belong to the entomological collection. While most of its collections are in its main building, some are housed in other UPLB units.[81]

Research

ultraviolet light

Six research institutes were named Centers of Excellence in Research via presidential decree: Institute of Plant Breeding, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Institute of Animal Science, National Crop Protection Center, Farming Systems and Soil Resources Institute, and National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology.[5]

UPLB hosts a number of international research institutes, including the

World Fish Center,[85] the World Agroforestry Center,[86] and the Asia Rice Foundation.[87] The APEC Center for Technology Exchange and Training for Small and Medium Enterprises (ACTETSME), established in 1996 through the initiative of then President Fidel V. Ramos during the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Leaders' Meeting in Seattle, USA, is also located at the university's Science & Technology Park.[88] Local research institutions such as the Department of Environment and Natural Resources' Ecosystems Research and Development Bureau,[89] Department of Science and Technology's Forest Products Research and Development Institute,[90] and Department of Agriculture's Philippine Carabao Center[91] are headquartered or have offices at the university.[92] The main office of IRRI's Philippine counterpart, the Philippine Rice Research Institute, used to be located at UPLB but was transferred to Muñoz, Nueva Ecija in 1990. It continues to maintain a research office at the university.[93]

Three UPLB-published journals, the Philippine Agricultural Scientist, the Philippine Journal of Veterinary Medicine, and the Journal of Environmental Sciences and Management are listed in the

ISI Web of Knowledge, along with two other UPLB-published journals: the Philippine Entomologist and the Philippine Journal of Crop Science.[96]

Biotechnology research

The National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology at UPLB

One of the earliest innovations of UPLB was the production of CAC 87 sugar cane in 1919. This high-yielding variety is resistant to

hog cholera) and the Los Baños Cantonese chicken, which produces more eggs.[97]

Research in the 1960s allowed for the efficient mass production of macapuno (a type of coconut with jelly-like meat),[98] while studies started in 1998 that produced delayed-ripening papaya continue to this day.[99] The research is credited for the increase in Philippine papaya production, with the 75,896-metric-ton (83,661-short-ton) production of year 2000 rising to 164,100 metric tons (180,900 short tons) in 2007.[100] In 1974, UPLB researchers discovered mango flower induction by potassium nitrate, making it possible for the fruit to be available year-round. It is credited for tripling yield and for "revolutionizing" the country's mango industry.[101]

In 2009, UPLB researchers funded by the

abacá bract mosaic viruses.[103]

In July 2010, UPLB announced that the

genetically modified eggplants. The National Academy of Science and Technology and ranking UPLB officials condemned the incident, and have taken legal action.[105][106]

This 1929 DeSoto De Luxe ran over 50,000 kilometres (31,000 mi) using gasanol for a period of five years.[97][107]

Biofuel research

Pioneering efforts in biofuel research have been conducted at the university. Studies conducted in the 1930s found that gasoline with 15–20 percent ethanol, dubbed "gasanol", was more efficient than pure gasoline.[97][107] Biofuel research in 2007 under the National Biofuel Program has considered new sources of biofuel, such as coconuts, Moringa oleifera, and sunflower seeds. Efforts have been concentrated on the Jatropha curcas due to its low maintenance and fast yield. Other fuel, such as coconut biofuel, were found to be too costly.[108] Biofuel from Sorghum bicolor, Manihot esculenta crantz and Chlorella vulgaris are also being studied.[109][110][111][112][113]

Nanotechnology research

UPLB's nanotechnology program focuses on research and innovation in agriculture, food, and forest products. It has developed nanosensors and nanostructured materials from agriculture by-products, helping improve agricultural productivity.[114] Moreover, it has developed and commercialized "nanofertilizers" that can be substituted for synthetic fertilizers. Researchers found that these nanofertilizers reduced fertilizer application by up to 50 percent compared with using conventional fertilizers, and are less likely to cause soil toxicity and imbalance. Studies showed that using the nanofertilizers increased the net profit of farmers by 40 percent in rice, 20 percent in corn, and 48 percent in potato. It also increased eggplant yield by 36 percent, cabbage by 5 percent, and cane tonnage by 46 percent. Significant increases in yield were also observed for coffee, cacao, and banana. In 2021, the government launched a program to optimize the manufacturing of these nanofertilizers.[115]

Student life

In 2008, 2,170 students were housed in the eight dormitories managed by UPLB. In the academic year 2011–2012, fees for all UPLB dormitories increased by at least 25 percent from the previous rate of ₱350 (US$8) a month.[16][116] As with the previous dormitory fee increase of 221 percent in 1997,[117] making the dormitories "financially self-supporting" was one of the reasons cited by the University Housing Office for the revision. The move was widely criticized by various groups. The University Housing Office projects ₱13,818,000 (US$322,000)[16] in revenue for 2010 with a deficit of ₱586,465.59 (US$13,600).[16] according to official estimates.[118] UPLB is currently building two new dormitories with 2,000 square metres (22,000 sq ft) of floor area. The new dormitories are expected to accommodate 192 persons annually.[119] In 2023, the historic Old Men's Dorm, referred to as Unit 1, was demolished.[120]

Student organizations

As of May 2020, there are 159 recognized student organizations in UPLB. Of these, 68 are academic, 15 cultural, one international, eight religious, 30 socio-civic, six sports and recreational, 11 varsitarian, 13 fraternities, and 7 sororities.

board of regents repealed Chapter 72 Article 444 of the 1984 University of the Philippines Code, which states that "organizations which are provincial, sectional or regional in nature shall not be allowed in the University System." Likewise, Section 3 of the code states that "the University of the Philippines System is a public, secular, non-profit institution of higher learning." Due to this, religious organizations have had some difficulty in getting recognized.[123][124][125] Only recognized organizations are allowed to use UPLB facilities.[126]
The system of student organizations in UPLB is different from that of other UP constituents in that freshmen are not allowed to join any organization until they have earned at least 30 units.

Loyalty Day

Every October 10, UPLB celebrates Loyalty Day, which has also become UPLB's

armistice with Germany during the same year, essentially ending the war.[11][127][128]

Feb Fair

The university holds a major campus fair, known as "Feb Fair", during

martial law under Philippine President Ferdinand Marcos, who abolished student organizations and student councils.[129]

Media

The UPLB Perspective is the official

student publication of UPLB. The university administration has been repeatedly criticized for allegedly interfering in the selection process of its editor-in-chief.[130] Other campus publications include UPLB Horizon[131] and UPLB Link.[132]
Meanwhile, the College of Development Communication (CDC) publishes the experimental community newspaper Los Baños Times.

CDC runs the radio station

broadcast power of 250 watts at 1210 kHz, the station serves as a distance education tool and training facility. It currently operates through a five-kilowatt transmitter located near the main gate of the campus. The station was the 1994 recipient of the KBP Golden Dove Award for Best AM Radio Station[133] as well as a Catholic Mass Media Award for Best Educational Radio Program in 2010.[134]

People

People associated with the university include alumni, faculty, and honorary degree recipients. They include 16 out of 41 National Scientists of the Philippines: Eduardo A. Quisimbing, 1980 (Plant Taxonomy, Systematics, and Morphology), Francisco M. Fronda, 1983 (Animal Husbandry), Francisco O. Santos, 1983 (Human Nutrition and Agricultural Chemistry), Julian A. Banzon, 1986 (Chemistry), Dioscoro L. Umali, 1986 (Agriculture and Rural Development), Pedro E. Escuro, 1994 (Genetics and Plant Breeding), Dolores A. Ramirez, 1998 (Biochemical Genetics and Cytogenetics), Jose R. Velasco, 1998 (Plant Physiology), Gelia T. Castillo, 1999 (Rural Sociology), Bienvenido O. Juliano, 2000 (Organic Chemistry), Clare R. Baltazar, 2001 (Systematic Entomology), Benito S. Vergara, 2001 (Plant Physiology), Ricardo M. Lantican, 2005 (Plant Breeding), Teodulfo M. Topacio Jr., 2008 (Veterinary Medicine), Ramon C. Barba, 2014 (Horticulture), and Emil Q. Javier, 2019 (Agriculture).[2] Meanwhile, four UPLB scientists are members of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change that won the Nobel Prize in 2007: Rex Victor Cruz, Felino P. Lansigan, Rodel D. Lasco, and Juan M. Pulhin.[7] Scientist Romulo G. Davide was given a Ramon Magsaysay Award in 2012 for "his steadfast passion in placing the power and discipline of science in the hands of Filipino farmers".[2]

UPLB alumni have served as senior government officials under various administrations. Those currently in office include Senate President

Makati City mayor Abigail Binay. Trade and Industry Secretary Alfredo Pascual was a faculty member prior to his appointment.[136]

Both of its honorary degree recipients held influential roles in their respective countries' politics. They are Salim Ahmed Salim, former Prime Minister of Tanzania,[137] and Sirindhorn, Princess of Thailand.[138]

Former UP presidents Bienvenido Maria Gonzalez (1939–1943; 1945–1951), Emil Q. Javier (1993-1999) and Emerlinda R. Roman (2005-2011) graduated from UPLB,

UP Open University.[140] Alumni who held ranking posts at other academic and research institutions include Jikun Huang, Founder and Director of the Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,[141] Kyu-Seong Lee, Director-General of South Korea's Rural Development Administration,[142] and Weerapon Thongma, President of Maejo University in Thailand.[143]

Eduardo Cojuangco Jr. and Bounty Agro Ventures President Ronald Daniel Mascariñas also attended UPLB.[144]

Gallery

  • UPLB Academic Heritage Monument
    UPLB Academic Heritage Monument
  • UPLB Carillon Tower
    UPLB Carillon Tower
  • Pegaraw Monument
    Pegaraw Monument
  • UPLB Entrance
    UPLB Entrance

See also

References

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