Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket digestion
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Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) technology, normally referred to as UASB reactor, is a form of
The UASB reactor is a
Process description
UASB uses an
Biogas with a high concentration of methane is produced as a by-product, and this may be captured and used as an energy source, to generate electricity for export and to cover its own running power. The technology needs constant monitoring when put into use to ensure that the sludge blanket is maintained, and not washed out (thereby losing the effect). The heat produced as a by-product of electricity generation can be reused to heat the digestion tanks.
The blanketing of the sludge enables a dual solid and hydraulic (liquid) retention time in the digesters. Solids requiring a high degree of digestion can remain in the reactors for periods up to 90 days.[3] Sugars dissolved in the liquid waste stream can be converted into gas quickly in the liquid phase which can exit the system in less than a day.
UASB reactors are typically suited to dilute waste water streams (3% TSS with particle size >0.75mm).
Historical course
Over time, the UASB model has been upgraded, pain points have been addressed, and design has been optimized - ultimately resulting in the following types of systems.
- Second generation UASB reactors, the EGSB (Expended Granule Sludge Blanket) reactor. This is a single layer high load system, with only one settler layer. The upflow speeds are many times higher than in UASB, so that the 'adult' granules remain in the system, 'baby' granules often wash out. Typical loading rates for an EGSB; 15 - 30kg COD / m3 / day. The EGSB is a largely closed system. There is no or little chance of corrosion or odor nuisance.
- Third generation UASB reactors, the ECSB reactor. This is a double layer high load system, with 2 settler layers. The upflow rates are high below the first settler layer, and low below the second settler layer - this keeps both the 'adult' and 'baby' grains in the system, which pays off in greater net growth of granular sludge. Typical loading rates for an ECSB; 15 - 35 kg COD / m3 / day. The ECSB is a closed system. There is no chance of corrosion or odor nuisance.[citation needed]
Design
With UASB (but also EGSB and ECSB), the process of settlement and digestion occurs in one or more large tank(s). The effluent from the UASB, which has a much reduced
See also
- Anaerobic digestion
- Anaerobic digester types
- Anaerobic filter
- Expanded granular sludge bed digestion
- Hybrid reactor (combination of UASB and an anaerobic filter)
- Fluidized bed reactor
- List of waste-water treatment technologies
References
- ISBN 978-3-906484-57-0.
- ^ "What are sludge granules? UASB Homepage". Archived from the original on 2006-07-17. Retrieved 2006-08-24.
- ISBN 0-9544708-1-8.
Further reading
- Bal AS, Dhagat NN (April 2001). "Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor—a review". Indian J Environ Health. 43 (2): 1–82. PMID 12397675.
- Lettinga G, Rebac S, Zeeman G (September 2001). "Challenge of psychrophilic anaerobic wastewater treatment". Trends Biotechnol. 19 (9): 363–70. PMID 11514000. Review.
- Lettinga G (1995). "Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment systems". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 67 (1): 3–28. S2CID 9415571.