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Portugal was one of the most known countries for exploration in world during the 1400s. The Treaty of Tordesillas divided the New World between the Spanish and Portuguese in 1494.

Explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral on the 22 April, 1500 docked at what is now Porto Seguro in Brazil. His surveyors and tradesmen established hard wood crafts, from which they could extract red dye. Brazil had a predominant population of Indians who traded with the Portuguese weaponry and fabrics. It took until 1530 before the Portuguese began to show an interest in establishing a colony.

Beginning of colonisation

feudal system

. The system failed for several reasons.

In 1549 Brazil got its first governor,

black slaves

came to Brazil.

The slave trade

The Church and religious orders were often opposed to enslave the Indians but not to enslave

baptised and to be in a Christian country rather than live in Africa. The slave trade was very profitable for both buyers and sellers. The price of a slave worked the buyer out in 2-3 years, significantly faster than waiting 10-12 years for a slave to be born and grow up in Brazil

.

The Portuguese had learned to cultivate

sugar cane and build sugar mills in northeastern Brazil, especially in Pernambuco and Bahia

. From 1570 they began to make use of African slaves.

Conflicts

Between 1565 and 1567, Mem de Sá, a Brazilian colonial officer, destroyed a ten year old French colony called France Antarctique, which was located at the Guanabara Bay. The city of Rio de Janeiro was founded in March 1567 at this location by him and his nephew, Estacio de Sá. Between 1638 and 1640 the Netherlands came and took control of Brazil's northeastern region, with the capital city of Recife. In 1649 the Portuguese won a battle against the Dutch, and in 1654 the Netherlands had given up all Brazilian land to the Portuguese.

The end of the Treaty of Tordesillas

The

sugar cane in the Caribbean

which broke Brazil's dominance.

During the 1690s

diamonds. The area was named Minas Gerais, General Mines and the first significant settlements were founded in the inner part of the country. The economic centre was taken over by the southeast and in 1763 Rio de Janeiro

became the capital.

The

expelled from Portugal and its colonies. As in Brazil they wanted to partly take control of the lands, and wanted the Jesuits areas to be governed more or less autonomously

beyond the colonial power control.