User:Brutalhovno/Sandbox

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Subterranean Bratislava

Subterranean structures of Bratislava constitute a geographically small yet historically important part of the city's history.

Underground structures

  • Bratislava contains 8,602 civic defense shelters, all of them built during communism, capable of holding approximately 760,000 people, which far exceeds the number of inhabitants of the city.[1]
  • Bratislava Castle Tunnel + escape routes
  • church crypts and catacombs:
    • St. Martin's Cathedral, Bratislava
      - catacombs + crypts + ancient cemetary beneath
    • Franciscan Church (Bratislava)
      - crypts (probably catacombs)
  • Chatam Sofer graveyard
  • Rumours about a secret tunnel between the Grassalkovich Palace and former Hoter Forum leading under Hodžovo námestie.
  • Fishermen's gate and city walls remnants underneath Hviezdoslavovo Square
  • Four entrances leading into the western wall of Brnianska Street
  • Saint Jacob's Chapel, Bratislava
    underground ossuary

(Saint Jacob's Chapel) According to Štassel, some visitors are "shocked when they find out its just this small place, expecting proper catacombs under the medieval city. There were plans to connect all the underground historical places in Bratislava via tunnels, but according to Štassel, it is "economically unfeasable" due to low number of archeological finds and long, multiple

kilometer distances between them.[2]

Bratislava fortifications

  • Fragments of the medieval city fortifications
  • Unfinished bastion fortification of the Bratislava Castle according to the plan of engineer Josef Priami
  • World War I artillery fortification system
  • World War I shelters (the last surviving one is at Račianska Street, near the gas station and opposite the Mladá Garda dormitory)
  • Military scouting posts, located at numerous hills with good outlooks
  • Road obstacles and dragon's teeth around Bratislava
  • First Czechoslovak Republic fortification system between the World Wars
  • World War II aircraft raid shelters, located near the area of Istrochem
  • German reinforced concrete spheres, partially buried in the ground that served as machine-gun posts (Ringstand, Kugelstand), located around Bratislava

Architecture of Bratislava

Accessibility of public spaces

Totalitarian government systems that ruled the area of Bratislava in the latter part of the 20th century left a legacy of restricting the accessibility of certain areas to the general public. In spite of the

Slovak Republic
being a developed democracy, Bratislava features many public spaces that have been closed from the public.

The following is a partial list of areas made inaccessible since 1993:

  • Summit of Devínska Kobyla features a former military rocked base unused since 1996, access remains officially restricted
  • Kamzík TV Tower observation deck (Slovak: vyhliadková plošina C) closed in 1997
  • Bratislava Fortifications
    closed in 2001 by the Paming city company
  • Patrónka bus and trolleybus stop, metal fences closing half of the space installed in an unknown year by the Department of Road Management of the Bratislava City Magistrate
  • Koch Garden closed to the public since an unknown year

Slovak economic environment

Main article:
Slovak economy

Slovak economic environment is the framework for the economy of Slovakia. This article is about the effects of this framework on individual participants in Slovak economy.

Personal finance

Self-employed and small companies

Medium and big companies

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx List of churches in Bratislava

City borough Controlled by Church Location Year built Photo
Staré Mesto Roman-Catholic church
Katedrála sv. Martina
/ St. Martin's Cathedral		 Rudnayovo Square No. 1 1452
Kostol sv. Alžbety
, known as the Blue church		 Bezručova Street No. 2 1908
Roman-Catholic church Farský kostol nanebovzatia Panny Márie, known as Blumentál Floriánske Square Unknown
Redemptorists Kostol sv. Cyrila a Metoda Unknown Unknown


  • Kostol sv. Ladislava, Bratislava-Staré Mesto
  • Kapucíni, Kostol sv. Štefana (Ká-čko), Bratislava-Staré Mesto
  • Jezuiti - Kostol Najsvätejšieho Spasiteľa, Bratislava-Staré Mesto
  • Františkáni, Kostol zvestovania Pána, Bratislava-Staré Mesto
  • Dominikáni, Kostol Panny Márie Snežnej, Bratislava-Kalvária
  • Alžbetínky, Kostol sv. Alžbety, Bratislava-Staré Mesto
  • Kaplnka sv. Kataríny, Bratislava-Staré Mesto
  • Milosrdní bratia, Kostol navštívenia Panny Márie, Bratislava-Staré Mesto
  • Notre Dame, Kostol nanebovzatia Panny Márie, Bratislava-Staré Mesto
  • Kostol Najsvätejšej Trojice, Bratislava-Podhradie
  • Uršulínky, Kostol Loretánskej Panny Márie, Bratislava-Staré Mesto
  • Kaplnka sv. Ladislava, Bratislava-Staré Mesto
  • Farský kostol Farnosť Najsvätejšej Trojice (trinitári), Bratislava-Staré Mesto
  • Farský kostol Kráľovnej rodiny, Bratislava-Nové Mesto
  • Univ. pastoračné centrum sv. Jozefa Freinademetza (UPeCe), Bratislava-Mlynská dolina
  • Saleziáni, Kostol Panny Márie pomocnice kresťanov, Bratislava-Ružinov
  • Farský kostol Sv. rodiny, Bratislava-Petržalka
  • Farský kostol sv. Vincenta de Paul, Bratislava-Ružinov
  • Kaplnka sv. Dominika Sávia (saleziáni), Bratislava-Petržalka
  • Kostol povýšenia Sv. kríža, Bratislava-Petržalka
  • Farský kostol sv. Mikuláša, Bratislava-Jarovce
  • Filiálny kostol sv. Jozefa, Bratislava-Podunajské Biskupice-Komarov
  • Farský kostol sv. Mikuláša, Bratislava-Podunajské Biskupice
  • Kostol Sv. kríža (nemocnica), Bratislava-Podunajské Biskupice
  • Kostol Najsvätejšieho Srdca Ježišovho, Bratislava-Prievoz
  • Kostol sv. Don Bosca (saleziáni), Bratislava-Trnávka
  • Farský kostol mena Panny Márie, Bratislava-Vrakuňa
  • Farský kostol Najsvätejšieho Srdca Ježišovho, Bratislava-Kramáre
  • Farský kostol sv. Filipa a Jakuba , Bratislava-Rača
  • Kostol Panny Márie pomocnice kresťanov, Bratislava-Rača
  • Farský kostol Sedembolestnej Panny Márie, Bratislava-Vajnory
  • Farský kostol Sv. kríža, Bratislava-Devín
  • Farský kostol Ducha Svätého, Bratislava-Devínska Nová Ves
  • Farský kostol narodenia Panny Márie, Bratislava-Dlhé Diely
  • Kostol sv. Kozmu a Damiána, Bratislava-Dúbravka
  • Kaplnka ružencovej Panny Márie, Bratislava-Dúbravka
  • Kaplnka Božieho milosrdenstva (Pri kríži 26), Bratislava-Dúbravka (spravujú minoriti z Karlovej Vsi)
  • Farský kostol Ducha Svätého, Bratislava-Dúbravka
  • Farský kostol sv. Michala archanjela (minoriti), Bratislava-Karlova Ves
  • Kostol sv. Františka z Assisi (minoriti), Bratislava-Karlova Ves
  • Farský kostol sv. Margity, Bratislava-Lamač
  • Farský kostol sv. Petra a Pavla, Bratislava-Záhorská Bystrica
  • Farský kostol sv. Michala archanjela, Bratislava-Čunovo
  • Farský kostol sv. Márie Magdalény, Bratislava-Rusovce
  • Farský kostol Sedembolestnej Panny Márie, Bratislava-Petržalka-Lúky
  • Kostol sv. Arnolda Janssena (verbisti), Bratislava-Petržalka
  • Katedrála sv. Šebastiána, Bratislava-Krasňany

External links; http://www.bohosluzby.sk/en/kostoly.php?filter=Bratislava

Fountains in Bratislava

Fountains in Bratislava were first built in the 16th century as means of

tourist attractions
.


Public toilets

  • Inside Grassalkovich Palace Garden (Old Town) Open  ? The borough of Old Town The whole garden (including the public toilets) is guarded when open. Open daily 8:00 - 19:00 hours
  • Pedestrian underpass Patrónka (Old Town) Open  ? Bratislava city Magistrate Accessible to the handicapped with effort
  • Lake Kuchajda (New Town) Open  ? The borough of New Town 4 public toilets, open daily 9:00 - 22:00 hours
  • Public transport bus terminal near OD Slimák (New Town) Open  ? The borough of New Town 2x men's and 4x women's public toilets, open daily 06:00 - 22:00 hours
  • Lake Draždiak, Petržalka Open  ? Unknown ownership open daily 8:00 - 21:00 hours
  • Lake Zlaté piesky Open  ? Unknown ownership 4x toilets, 2 of them open non-stop, serving also the nearby autocamping
  • Inside Stará Tržnica building (Old Town) Closed n/a Unknown ownership Toilets are on the first floor
  • IPP Park Hrad parking garage, Palisády Street. Opened in March 2012
  • Directly at the Bratislava Castle "Toalety s nenápadným vstupom sú na Západnej terase. Návštevníci bez sprievodcu ich obvykle hľadajú ťažšie." Source: https://bratislava.sme.sk/c/4977372/turistom-staci-na-hrade-aj-vyhliadka.html

There are public toilets inside the Park SNP in Líčšie Údolie in the Karlova Ves borough. They are locked and keys are handed out only to people who reserve a place in the park in advance. Sources:


Slovak national myths

This is a list of major Slovak national myths:[3]

Media of Slovakia

Media of Slovakia consist of several different types of communications media:

communist state and used to spread the official ideology and propaganda. After the fall of communism
, independent media emerged and as of 2012 they comprise the majority of media in the country.

Today, Slovak media consist of both state-owned public broadcasters and commercial broadcasters ranging from internationally owned nation-wide TV channels to locally-owned regional newspapers. In comparison with established Western democracies, Slovak media industry is underdeveloped, especially the music industry and cinema.

The organisation Reporters Without Borders compiles and publishes an annual ranking of countries based upon the organisation's assessment of their

press freedom records. In 2011-12 Slovakia was ranked 25th out of 179 countries, behind its regional peers Poland and the Czech Republic, but ahead of Hungary or the United States.[4]

History

Radio

Main article:
Slovak Radio

Television

Motion pictures

Print media

Newspapers

Magazines

Internet media

See also


Economy of Slovakia

  • Penta
  • J&T
  • Sabolovci - originally started in the 1990s as the law company G. Lehnert, today operated thorugh the holding company AZC. Founded shortly after the
    Velvet revolution
    by Ján Sabol, Radovan Horecký, Ivan Ostrihoň, Ján Ondruš and Mikuláš Trstenský. Ivan Ostrihoň left the company in the early 2000s due to him being unsatisfied with the company strategy. Radovan Horecký left the company in 2016. Before Horecký´s departure the partners were (together with their shares in the group as estimated by weekly Trend): Ján Sabol (38), Radovan Horecký (24), Ján Ondruš (20) and Mikuláš Trstenský (18). The group is active mainly in biofuels (7th biggest player in Europe), alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks (biggest player on the Slovak liqor market), energy, logistics, agriculture, law advisory and real estate development. Yearly revenue of the group is estimated at 1 billion EUR, the group employs approximately 2500 people in Slovakia. The group is known for its well established contacts with the political elites in Slovakia and the group partners are notorious for guarding their personal life and not communicating with the media.

Cemeteries in Bratislava

World War I

Cemeteries before World War I:

  • (Old) Military Cemetery - the only military cemetery in Bratislava at that time, situated in the Blumenthal borough, between today's Trnavské mýto square and the nearby Danubius factory. The cemetery was established probably during the Napoleonic Wars. 575 soldiers who fell between 1914-1918 were buried here.
  • Municipal Cemetery Slávičie údolie - the largest civil cemetary in the city at that time, it still exists today. Created in 1911, 1134 soldiers from World War I were buried here. A quarter of the total area was designated for military funerals, after redesign of this part of the cemetery a memorial to soldiers fallen in World War I by artist Jozef Mazáň was unveiled here.
  • Blumenthal Cemetery - belonged to the Blumenthal parish and was situated at today's Račianske mýto square. It contained 31 graves of soldiers fallen in World War I.
  • Blumenthal Protestant Cemetery - situated next to the Blumenthal Cemetery (or maybe it formed even part of that cemetery) at today's Račianske mýto square. 7 World War I soldiers were buried here. Both Blumenthal cemeteries were canceled and destroyed in the middle of the 20th century. Today, there is a public park and parts of buildings in the place of both Blumenthal cemeteries.
  • St. Nicholas Cemetery - was the cemetery serving the Podhradie, Bratislava borough of Bratislava. It was situated on today's Žižkova Street. 11 World War I soldiers were buried here.
  • St. Andrew Cemetery - exists today, part of the cemetery was designated for military funerals. 103 World War I soldiers were buried here.
  • Protestant Cemetery Kozia brána - exists today. 22 World War I soldiers were buried here.
  • Orthodox Jewish Cemetery - exists today, situated on Žižkova street.
  • Neolog Jewish Cemetery - exists today, situated on Žižkova street. The house of sorrow features a commemorative plaque dedicated to the fallen in World War I.

Both Jewish cemeteries contain the graves of 53 soldiers who fell during World War I. Many soldiers from the Great War were also buried at cemeteries in the villages near Bratislava, that later became part of the city. There is a World War I memorial at the Murman heights located in the Bratislava foothills in the center of the city.


References

  1. ^ http://bratislava.sme.sk/c/660907/krytov-je-dost-pre-vsetkych-bratislavcanov.html
  2. ^ http://www.bratislavskenoviny.sk/najnovsie-spravy-z-bratislavy/samosprava/kaplnku-sv.-jakuba-navstivi-400-az-450-ludi.html?page_id=161274
  3. ISBN 80-88880-61-0.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  4. ^ "A Press Freedom Index 2011 - 2012". Reporters Without Borders. Retrieved 13 August 2012.

External links

See also

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