User:Mbbradford

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About Me "I love Mankind -- it's people I can't stand." – Linus This user is a citizen of the United States of America. This user lives in the U.S. State of Michigan. This user is a member of the Harmonious Editing Club. Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus This user believes that INSULIN IS NOT A CURE. Want to know why? This user supports stem cell research. MBTI type is INTJ. 48 This user is 48 years old. Name This user's name is Bruce. For this user, a perfect Martini has equal parts of dry gin, vodka, and extra dry vermuth. This user attends, attended, or plans to attend Boston University. BS This user has a Biomedical Engineering . ${\displaystyle e^{j\omega C}\,\!}$ This user is an electronic engineer . This user enjoys classical music. This user plays the trumpet. This user plays the viola. This user plays in a community band. This user plays the recorder. This user enjoys jazz music. This user plays the bass guitar. This user is owned by one or more cats. This user enjoys playing blackjack. bridge . BOOK This user is working on publishing a book. This user enjoys playing Texas hold 'em. This user is a homebrewer. This user enjoys photography. This user enjoys sailing and boating. This user enjoys skygazing and astronomy.

I have an eclectic background in unrelated topics, as may be apparent in my contributions, because I am old and have experienced many things. I have studied

through years of extensive reading and practical experience.

Yes, I am a geek.

I am a middle-aged, married, bi-partisan American (in case this explains some bias in my writing and editing) father of three teenagers (explains my exasperation and temper). I am introverted (

INTJ

) and so tend not to communicate ideas until they have been well formed (in case this explains a perceived stubbornness). I can also be passionate (emotional) about topics that are dear to me, so I beg your indulgence.

I believe people come to Wikipedia to find information, but Wikipedia should still be fun to read. Exposition should be brief, but editing until every unnecessary word is removed detracts from the personality of a collaboration such as this (after all, this isn't the kind of encyclopedia that the salesmen have to carry door to door). I believe medical articles should be written for patients, not for doctors. I believe scientific articles should be written for students, not for professors. I believe articles should have links to outside sources as a path for additional information, not just to reference facts. I support the suggestion that users must be registered to edit an existing article (but should be able to submit new articles and contribute to talk pages).

I know I'm a poor speller. If you see an error, just fix it.

Articles that I have created or expanded:

• Aerobatics (radio-controlled aircraft)
• Artificial Pancreas
• Blood glucose monitoring
• Biomedical Engineering
• Blackjack
• Certified diabetes educator
• Chronic Somogyi rebound
• Diabetes management software
• Just tuning adjustments from the even tempered scale
• Bridgebase basic and OK bridge 2/1
• Glucagon rescue
• Insulin pump
• Infusion set
• Junk Rig
• Pre-charge
• Untethered Regimen

Anything below this space is a partially baked article

Just tuning corrections from the even tempered scale

Students of music and intonation learn to adjust the equal tempered pitch to achieve the pure sound of just tuning intervals. By assuming that the root of the chord that musicians are presently playing is assigned to the pitch from the equal tempered scale, then all other notes can be played with a pitch adjustment relative to the tonic root. The pitch adjustment can be accomplished by ear -- holding the tonic steady and modifying the other harmonic pitches until a just interval is achieved (as evident by absence of beats). The pitch can also be adjusted by learning the cent adjustments for each interval relative to the tonic root and practicing with a tuning meter until the ear is trained.

While tedious in moving passages, power and purity is added by just intervals in the sustained tones of fourths and fifths of orchestral brass sections as well as the typical major and minor triads of the full ensemble.

As one example, the adjustments are derived relative to the equal tempered pitch for one octave from C3 to C4. Frequencies of the equal tempered scale are exactly 100 cents per semitone. Frequencies for the just intervals are derived relative to the equal tempered pitch of the tonic note. Comparing the frequencies, the adjustments in cents are derived.

The table is used together with a meter. Relative to a C-major base, the note E must be played -13.7 cents flat on the meter to achieve just intonation for a major third. Likewise relative to an E major base, the note E is played equal to the equal tempered pitch and the note G# is played -13.7 cents flat to achieve the just intonation for a major third.

The correction of

Cents for each Interval

Musical Note	Frequencies of the Equal Tempered Scale and Just Intonation		Cents for each Interval
	Equal(Hz)	Just (Hz)	Interval	Cents
C	261.63	261.63	Tonic	0
C# or Db	277.18	272.54	Minor Second	-29.2
D	293.66	294.33	Major Second	3.9
D# or Eb	311.13	313.96	Minor Third	15.6
E	329.63	327.03	Major Third	-13.7
F	349.23	348.83	Perfect Fourth	-2
F# or Gb	369.99	367.92	Diminished Fifth	-9.7
G	392	392.44	Perfect Fifth	1.9
G# or Ab	415.3	418.6	Minor Sixth	13.7
A	440.00	436.05	Major Sixth	-15.6
A# or Bb	466.16	470.93	Minor Seventh	17.6
B	493.88	490.55	Major Seventh	-11.7
C	523.25	523.25	Octive	0
	Music students must learn to adjust their pitch on every interval relative to the tonic note of the key in which they play.

Bolus Timing

Bolus Timing: the ideal time to pre-bolus a fast-acting insulin analog depends upon both the blood glucose level and the glycemic index of the food about to be eaten.

Blood Glucose Level Before Eating
	High GI	Moderate GI	Low GI
Above Target Range	30-40 min before eating	15-20 min before eating	0-5 min before eating
Within Target Range	15-20 min before eating	0-5 min before eating	15-20 min after eating
Below Target Range	0-5 min before eating	15-20 min after eating	30-40 min after eating

Overtone Series

Examing harmonics of the even tempered tuning

Playing a single note on an instrument will generate the fundamental frequency and its harmonics. The frequencies of the harmomics can clash with the frequencies of another note on the equal tempered scale. When playing in ensemble, this can sound "out of tune."

Note	The Harmonics
	Fundamental (Hz)	2nd (Hz)	3rd (Hz)	4th (Hz)	5th (Hz)	6th (Hz)	7th (Hz)	8th (Hz)	9th (Hz)	10th(Hz)
A4	440	880	1320	1760	2200	2640	3080	3520	3960	4400
A#/Bb	466.16	932.32	1398.4	1864.6	2330.8	2796.9	3263.1	3729.2	4195.4	4661.6
B	493.88	987.76	1481.6	1975.5	2469.4	2963.2	3457.1	3951.0	4444.9	4938.8
C	523.25	1046.5	1569.7	2093	2616.2	3139.5	3662.7	4186	4709.2	5232.5
C#/Db	554.37	1109	1663.5	2218	2772.5	3327	3881.5	4436	4990.5	5545
D	587.33	1174.6	1761.9	2349.3	2936.6	3523.9	4111.3	4698.6	5285.9	5873.3
D#/Eb	622.25	1244.5	1866.7	2489	3111.2	3733.5	4355.7	4978	5600.2	6222.5
E	659.26	1318.5	1977.7	2637.0	3296.3	3955.5	4614.8	5274.0	5933.3	6592.6
F	698.46	1396.9	2095.3	2793.8	3492.3	4190.7	4889.2	5587.6	6286.1	6984.6
F#/Gb	739.99	1479.9	2219.9	2959.9	3699.9	4439.9	5179.9	6659.9	5919.9	7399.9
G	783.99	1567.9	2351.9	3135.9	3919.9	4703.9	5487.9	6271.9	7055.9	7839.9
G#/Ab	830.6	1661.2	2491.8	3322.4	4153	4983.6	5814.2	6644.8	7475.4	8306.1
A5	880	1760	2640	3520	4400	5280	6160	7040	7920	8800
A#/Bb	932.33	1864.6	2796.9	3729.3	4661.6	5593.9	6526.3	7458.6	8390.9	9323.3
B	987.7	1975.5	2963.3	3951	4938.8	5926.6	6914.3	7902.1	8889.9	9877.7
C	1046.5	2093	3139.5	4186	5232.5	6279	7325.5	8372	9418.5	10465
C#/Db	1108.7	2217.4	3326.1	4434.9	5543.6	6652.3	7761.1	8869.8	9978.5	11087
D	1174.6	2349.3	3523.9	4698.6	5873.3	7047.9	8222.6	9397.2	10571	11746
D#/Eb	1244.5	2489	3733.5	4978	6222.5	7467	8711.5	9956	11200	12445
E	1318.5	2637	3955.5	5274	6592.5	7911	9229.5	10548	11866	13185
F	1396.9	2793.8	4190.7	5587.6	6984.5	8381.4	9778.3	11175	12572	13969
F#/Gb	1479.9	2959.9	4439.9	5919.9	7399.9	8879.8	10359	11839	13319	14799
G	1567.9	3135.9	4703.9	6271.9	7839.9	9407.8	10975	12543	14111	15679
G#/Ab	1661.2	3322.4	4983.6	6644.8	8306.1	9967.3	11628	13289	14950	16612
A6	1760	3520	5280	7040	8800	10560	12320	14080	15840	17600
A#/Bb	1864.6	3729.3	5593.9	7458.6	9323.3	11187	13052	14917	16781	18646
B	1975.5	3951	5926.5	7902.1	9877.6	11853	13828	15804	17779	19755
C	2093	4186	6279	8372	10465	12558	14651	16744	18837	20930
C#/Db	2217.4	4434.9	6652.3	8869.8	11087	13304	15522	17739	19957	22174
D	2349.3	4698.6	7047.9	9397.2	11746	14095	16445	18794	21143	23493
D#/Eb	2489	4978	7467	9956	12445	14934	17423	19912	22401	24890
E7	2637	5274	7911	10548	13185	15822	18459	21096	23733	26370

Key:

Interval = Most Important -- LEARN THESE FIRST

Interval = Also Important -- Learn These Next

The concept

The motivation behind fuel efficiency testing is to enable the consumer to estimate the fuel they personnaly would use when shopping for new vehicles and comparing vehicle makes and types. Standardized test procedures are mandated and the results are posted on the sticker on new vehicles. The intent is to allow consumers to make informed choices regarding the fuel economy before their purchase.

Unfortunately, the existing metric used,

, is often misunderstood by the very consumers that were intended to be educated. It is a widely held fallacy that a few miles per gallon difference between 10 mpg and 13 mpg is relatively small, yet the fuel savings of changing from a 30 mpg car to a 60mpg hybrid car are huge.

A better metric would encourage consumers to think in gallons of fuel used. The metric “gallons per 100 miles” is a preferred metric as typical consumers are able to estimate gallons used accurately in their heads. For example, a vehicle which is rated at 20 miles per gallon will be equivalent to 5 gallons per 100 miles. For a typical driver who accumulates 200 miles per week, the fuel used is 10 gallons.

Examples

Consider shopping for a new pickup truck. The 2009

Car shoppers will both understand that both vehicles have poor fuel efficiency, but the difference is only 3 miles per gallon. Instead, if the stickers used gallons per 100 miles, a car shopper would easily calculate and compare that the F150 uses 10 gallons per hundred miles, compared to the Dodge RAM which uses 7.7 gallons per hundred miles. The difference is 2.3 gallons per hundred miles, so the driver who averages 200 miles per week can save 4.6 gallons per week.

Consider that a small car like the Ford Focus, which gets 24 miles per gallon, can be compared to a new hybrid vehicle such as the Toyota Prius, which gets 48 miles per gallon. The difference between 48 and 24 mpg seems like a huge impact in fuel economy. Instead, if the stickers show that the Ford Focus uses 4.17 gallons per hundred miles, compared to the Toyota Prius which uses 2.08 gallons per hundred miles. So a driver who typically goes 200 miles per week will save 4.2 gallons per week by changing from a Ford Focus to a Toyota Prius.

As is easily seen, the true impact in reduction of gallons used is greater between the trucks than between the hybrid and non-hybrid cars. As is in fact the case, the choice simply between the largest engine available compared to the smaller engine for the same large car, truck, and sport utility vehicle will have a greater beneficial impact than a driver of a small car who switches to a small hybrid car. The hope of the “gallons per hundred miles” metric is to encourage consumers to recognize the true impropriety of the gas guzzlers they choose.

Difficulties with insulin replacement therapy

• is overwhelming for the newly diagnosed
  • learning curve
  • calculations and record keeping
  • honeymoon unpredictability

• infants and toddlers
  • insulin sensetivity
  • tools do not support accurate measurement and delivery of small doses
  • difficulty in measuring foods actually eaten

• sensitivity changes with
  • exercise
  • illness
  • menses
  • growth spurts

• the optimal insulin to carbohydrate ratio varies
  • person to person
  • time of day (breakfast ratio is often different from the lunch ratio).
  • over time.

• Limitations of a linear model
  • non-linear response to a high BG
  • non-linear response when ketones are presents
  • somogyi effect

• correction factor varies as a function of time of day
• dawn effect
• constant evaluation of basal rates and bolus ratios
• aggressive use of insulin to achieve target levels while also avoiding hypoglycemia.
  • targets are becoming tighter as we learn the benefits (DCCT)

cuban eights

Aresti Symbol
Cuban Eight
Half Cuban Eight
Reverse Half Cuban Eight

Trevor Robertson

Trevor Robertson, (born 19xx?, CITY) is an Australian sailor/explorer reknown for spending winters alone "frozen in" aboard his home-built boat Iron Bark. Without sponsorship, he has over-wintered in both the

.

In (19XX), he sailed from NZ directly to the (which, where) Peninsula and because of this long approach passage, could not carry enough diesel to be able to heat the boat through the winter.

In (19XX), he sailed alone to (where in the Artic) ...

Together with sailor/author Annie Hill, he recently spent the winter aboard Iron Bark frozen in at Winter Cove in Greenland. Upon leaving, they sailed to visit the "Upernaviks Isstrøm," a glacier that comes down to the sea and discovered it has receeded 3 or 4 miles from where is was shown on the charts. ^[2]