Ventricular outflow tract obstruction
Ventricular outflow tract obstruction | |
---|---|
Human heart | |
Specialty | Cardiology |
Causes | Congenital or acquired |
Treatment | Surgery, medications, catheter based procedures (i.e. valvuloplasty) |
A ventricular outflow tract obstruction is a heart condition in which either the right or left
Different types
Right ventricular outflow tract obstruction
A right ventricular outflow tract obstruction (RVOTO) may be due to a defect in the
Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction
A left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) may be due to a defect in the aortic valve, or a defect located at the subvalvar or supravalvar level.[1][3]
- Aortic valve stenosis
- Supravalvar aortic stenosis
- Coarctation of the aorta
- Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
- Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Pathophysiology
A ventricular outflow tract obstruction means there is a limitation in the blood flow out of either the right or left ventricles of the heart, depending on where the obstruction is. This can lead to
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, there is disorganized production of cardiac myocytes leading to increased septal wall thickness and a pathologic motion of the mitral valve. The anterior mitral valve moves anteriorly during systole in these patients leading to dynamic LVOTO, and the increased mass of the septum leads to a physical narrowing for blood to pass through. Thus, both of these contribute to the left ventricular outflow tract obstruction seen in some cases of this disease. If severe enough, this condition requires prompt treatment, as these patients are at risk for lethal tachyarrythmias.[1]
Aortic valve stenosis
References
- ^ a b c d e Vilcant, Viliane; Hai, Ofek (2022). "Left Ventricular Outflow Tract Obstruction". StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.
- PMID 17420363.
- PMID 7505702.
- ^ "Normal Heart". myhealth.alberta.ca.
- PMID 27450399.
- ^ "Bicuspid aortic valve - Overview - Mayo Clinic". www.mayoclinic.org.