Viburnum tinus

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Viburnum tinus
By L. By Jacob van Huysum

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1
)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Dipsacales
Family: Adoxaceae
Genus: Viburnum
Species:
V. tinus
Binomial name
Viburnum tinus
Synonyms
  • Viburnum rigidum
    Vent.
  • Viburnum rugosum
    Pers.
  • Viburnum strictum
    Link
  • Tinus lucidus
    J.Presl
  • Tinus lauriformis
    J.Presl
  • Tinus laurifolius
    Roem.
  • Viburnum lauriforme Lam.
  • Viburnum hyemale
    Salisb.

Viburnum tinus, the laurustinus, laurustine or laurestine, is a species of

bay laurel
.

Description

Flower and leaves

It is a shrub (rarely a small tree) reaching 2–7 m (7–23 ft) tall and 3 m (10 ft) broad,[1] with a dense, rounded crown. The leaves are evergreen, persisting 2–3 years, ovate to elliptic, borne in opposite pairs, 4–10 cm long and 2–4 cm broad, fine hairs persisting on the underside, with an entire margin.

The flowers are small, white or light pink, produced from reddish-pink buds in dense

corolla lobes, pink in the bud but later white. There is only one whorl with five stamens. Pollination is by insects. The fruit is a dark blue-black drupe 5–7 mm long. A 2020 study of the fruit's metallic blue hue revealed microscopic globules of fat to be the cause, an example of structural color,[2]
which is unusual in plants.

The leaves have domatia where predatory and microbivorous mites can be housed.[3]

Distribution and habitat

Native to the

Mediterranean region, Viburnum tinus prefers shady, moist areas. It is most commonly found in the western Mediterranean due to a shorter drought season and is one of the dominant species of Mediterranean sclerophyllous shrubland.[4] It has also been introduced to Australia, Pakistan, California, Oregon and Tajikistan.[5]

Cultivation

Viburnum tinus is widely cultivated for its winter blooms and metallic blue berries. It is hardy down to −10 °C (14 °F). The cultivars 'Eve Price',[6] 'French White'[7] and 'Gwenllian'[8] have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.[9]

Other uses

V. tinus has been used for its traditional medicinal properties, for example in Pakistan.[citation needed] The active ingredients are viburnin (a substance or more probably a mixture of compounds) and tannins. Tannins can cause stomach upset. The leaves when infused are said to have antipyretic properties. The fruits have been used as purgatives against constipation. The tincture has been used lately in herbal medicine as a remedy for depression. The plant also contains iridoid glucosides.[10]

Pests

In south-east Britain Viburnum tinus is the principal host of the viburnum beetle (

Pyrrhalta viburni), the country's "number one pest species" according to the Royal Horticultural Society.[11]

Etymology

The

specific name derives from Latin tinus referring to the plant itself, Viburnum tinus.[13]

References

  1. ISBN 978-1405332965
    .
  2. ^ Hartley, Charlotte (2020-08-06). "The secret to this fruit's mysterious blue color". Science | AAAS. Retrieved 2020-08-07.
  3. doi:10.1007/BF00317319
  4. IUCN
    . November 2017. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
  5. ^ "Viburnum tinus L." Catalogue of Life. Retrieved 8 December 2020.
  6. ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Viburnum tinus 'Eve Price'". Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  7. ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Viburnum tinus 'French White'". Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  8. ^ "RHS Plantfinder - Viburnum tinus 'Gwenllian'". Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  9. ^ "AGM Plants - Ornamental" (PDF). Royal Horticultural Society. July 2017. p. 107. Retrieved 18 February 2019.
  10. doi:10.1016/0031-9422(94)00618-4
  11. ^ "Top 10 pests". Wisley, England: Royal Horticultural Society. 19 January 2011. Archived from the original on October 9, 2013. Retrieved 10 May 2011.
  12. Perseus Project
    .
  13. Perseus Project
    .

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Viburnum tinus.

Gallery

  • Plant
    Plant
  • Inflorescence
    Inflorescence
  • Close-up on flowers
    Close-up on flowers
  • Unripe fruits
    Unripe fruits
  • Ripe fruits
    Ripe fruits
  • Close-up on fruits
    Close-up on fruits
  • Leaf
    Leaf
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