Drupe
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In
The definitive characteristic of a drupe is that the hard,
The term drupaceous is applied to a fruit having the structure and texture of a drupe,[2] but which does not precisely fit the definition of a drupe.
Terminology
The boundary between a drupe and a berry is not always clear. Thus, some sources describe the fruit of species from the genus Persea, which includes the avocado, as a drupe,[3] others describe avocado fruit as a berry.[4] One definition of berry requires the endocarp to be less than 2 mm (3⁄32 in) thick, other fruits with a stony endocarp being drupes.[5] In marginal cases, terms such as drupaceous or drupe-like may be used.[2][5]
The term stone fruit (also stonefruit) can be a synonym for drupe or, more typically, it can mean just the fruit of the genus Prunus.
Freestone refers to a drupe having a stone which can be removed from the flesh with ease. The flesh is not attached to the stone and does not need to be cut to free the stone. Freestone varieties of fruits are preferred for uses that require careful removal of the stone, especially if removal will be done by hand. Freestone plums are preferred for making homegrown
Clingstone refers to a drupe having a stone which cannot be easily removed from the flesh. The flesh is attached strongly to the stone and must be cut to free the stone. Clingstone varieties of fruits in the genus Prunus are preferred as table fruit and for jams, because the flesh of clingstone fruits tends to be more tender and juicy throughout.
Tryma is a specialized term for such
Ecology
Many drupes, with their sweet, fleshy outer layer, attract the attention of animals as a
Examples
Typical drupes include apricots, olives, loquat, peaches, plums, cherries, mangoes, pecans, and amlas (Indian gooseberries). Other examples include sloe (Prunus spinosa) and ivy (Hedera helix).[7]
The
Certain drupes occur in large clusters, as in the case of palm species, where a large array of drupes is found in a cluster. Examples of such large drupe clusters include
of North America.Drupe-like "fruits" are also known in many gymnosperms like cycads, ginkgos and some cypresses.[9]
Gallery
-
Assorted drupes -
The peach is a typical drupe (stone fruit) -
'Elena', a freestone prune plum -
The pit of anectarine -
Unripe drupes of black pepper -
'Black Butte' blackberry, a bramble fruit of aggregated drupelets -
A ripe areca nut -
Ginkgo "fruits", often noted as drupe-like
_fruits.jpg)
See also
- Pome (polypyrenous drupe)
References
- ^ ISBN 0-07-114448-X.
- ^ a b Kiger, Robert W. & Porter, Duncan M. (2001). "Find term 'drupaceous'". Categorical Glossary for the Flora of North America Project. Retrieved 2015-08-14.
- ^ Wofford, B. Eugene. "Persea". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America (online). eFloras.org. Retrieved 2017-03-29.
- ^ a b Armstrong, W. P. (2008). "Identification of Major Fruit Types". Retrieved 2023-01-16.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-84246-422-9.
- ^ Armstrong, W. P. (2009). "Fruits Called Nuts". Retrieved 2023-01-16.
- ISBN 0-521-04656-4
- ^ C. Michael Hogan. 2008. Chilean Wine Palm: Jubaea chilensis, GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. N. Stromberg Archived October 17, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- .
External links
- Identification of Major Fruit Types (archived)
- Fruits Called Nuts (archived)
- . New International Encyclopedia. 1905.