Vietnamese Scout Association

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Vietnamese Scout Association
Vietnamese Scout emblem
Scout flag
Hướng đạo Việt Nam
Country	United States, Germany, Canada, Australia, France, Vietnam
Founded	1930
Founder	Trần Văn Khắc
Scouting portal

The Vietnamese Scout Association (Vietnamese: Hội Hướng Đạo Việt Nam (HĐVN)) is a youth organization that was established in Vietnam and active between 1930 and 1975. The association was recognized by the World Organization of the Scout Movement from 1957 to 1975.

Because of the political situation and war in Vietnam, it was banned in communist North Vietnam after 1954 and in the entire nation after the communist victory following the fall of Saigon. It presently exists in exile, and is reforming within Vietnam itself. There are reports of clandestine Scouting activities in Vietnam dating from 1994 and 2002.^[1][2] Until WOSM recognition returned in 2019, Vietnam was the largest nation in population to have Scouting that is not recognized by the organization.

History

Trần Văn Khắc (right), founder of the Vietnamese Scouting Association, and Dr. Nguyễn Văn Thơ, former head of HĐVN, at the 2nd International Vietnamese Scouting Jamboree held in Toronto

(1988)

From its establishment in 1930, the Vietnamese Scout Association experienced many stages of development, and attracted many figures who later played important roles in the political stage of both North and South Vietnam, including North Vietnamese Minister of Defense Tạ Quang Bửu, Mayor of Hanoi Trần Duy Hưng, composer Lưu Hữu Phước, physician Tôn Thất Tùng, Võ Thành Minh, physician Phạm Ngọc Thạch, Vice Premier of South Vietnam Trần Văn Tuyên, physician Phạm Biểu Tâm, South Vietnamese Senator Trần Điền, and writer Cung Giũ Nguyên.

1920s to 1946

Scouting in Vietnam first started in the

, started a Scout movement named Đồng tử quân in Hanoi. The members of the movement wore green neckerchiefs with red hem. It gradually spread to the surrounding areas. Trần Văn Khắc is generally accepted as the founder of Vietnamese Scouting. This first Vietnamese Scout program was heavily athletic.

In 1932, Trần Văn Khắc went south to Cochinchina, and together with Lương Thái, Huỳnh Văn Diệp, and Trần Coln established the Cochinchinese Scout Association. During that time, Hoàng Ðạo Thúy was the General Secretary of the Annamese Scouting Association.

Between 1933 and 1935, Vietnamese Scouting spread quickly among the population, as branches of the three main associations of

.

Fédération Indochinoise des Associations du Scoutisme

(FIAS, Indochinese Federation of Scouting Associations) in all three regions.

From 1939 through 1945, the political situation affected Scouting activities all across the country, as World War II engendered a

. This ceased the French Scouts' activity in Vietnam, as well as all Scouting activities.

Japanese military authorities did not consistently encourage the Scouting movement in occupied territories. Where local conditions were favorable, authorities would permit local Scouting or introduce Japanese-style Scouting, or Shōnendan, and sometimes even made this compulsory. On the other hand, where conditions were not favorable, and anti-Japanese sentiments were likely to be nurtured through Scouting, the authorities would prohibit it entirely. In French Indochina, Vietnamese Scouting was permitted. After the coup in March, 1945,

1946 to 1954

In 1946, the National

erupted at the end of 1946, and the Scouting movement in Vietnam was on hiatus until 1950.

During the war, many members of the Scouting movement were separated into different sides. While all members of the General Committee established in 1946 followed Hoàng Ðạo Thúy into hiding, some Scoutmasters and Scout members in the cities began to restore the movement from 1950, especially in Hanoi.

During this period, a song composed by Scout member

.

After the

.

1954 to 1975

From 1954 to 1975, Scouting in South Vietnam played an important role in Vietnamese society. The Scout Constitution was drawn up in 1952, with the approval of the Ministry of Youth Affairs, and international recognition was given at the beginning of 1957. In 1959, Vietnam had 3,100 Scouts. In April 1975, South Vietnam was overrun by the Viet Cong, and the Vietnamese Scout Association was banned. Outside of Vietnam, Vietnamese Scouts formed an exile organization and continued their Scouting programs.

In 1955, the Hồi Nguyên Training Camp was established and opened its doors to its first classes in August 1956.

In 1957, the Association was recognized as a member of the World Organization of the Scout Movement. It participated in the formation of the Asia-Pacific Scouting region and became a founding member of the region.

In 1958, the Tùng Nguyên National Training Camp was established, under the leadership of Scoutmaster

between 1958 and 1975 were trained.

In 1959, Vietnam participated in the

) with 2,500 Scouts in attendance, marking the renaissance of the movement.

In 1969, the National Scouting Jamboree was held in Da Lat during Christmas. In December 1970, the National Jamboree was held in Suối Tiên (Thủ Đức) with the name Giữ Vững (Steadfast), marking 40 years of the movement. This was the Association's most successful jamboree. In 1971, the Association participated in the 13th World Scout Jamboree held in Asagiri Heights, Japan.

In 1974, the National Jamboree was held in

) under the name Tự Lực (Self-sufficiency).

The last national jamborees were held in areas around Saigon because of the security situation: the

After 1975

At the

where the refugees made their homes, i.e. the United States, Canada, Australia, France, Belgium, Italy, England, Norway, and the Netherlands.

In 1976, Nguyễn Quang Minh established a liaison office for overseas Vietnamese Scouts and published a monthly Vietnamese Scouting news magazine in Portland, Oregon. In 1980, an International Vietnamese Jamboree was held in Scouters' Mountain in Portland, to celebrate the 50th anniversary of Vietnamese Scouting.

In 1983, the International Central Committee of Vietnamese Scouting (ICCVS) was created. It is the umbrella organization for Vietnamese Scouts in the

.

In 2000, a celebration of the 70th anniversary of Vietnamese Scouting was held in San Jose, California.

Pathfinder Scouts Vietnam

In January 2019, WOSM announced that the Pathfinder Scouts Vietnam organization, with a membership of more than 5,000, had been admitted as a new full member of the organization's Asia-Pacific Region, marking the official return of Vietnamese Scouting.^[5]

Resurgence in Vietnam

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Until his death, one of the pioneers of the Vietnamese Scouting movement, Hoàng Đạo Thúy (1900-February 14, 1994), a communist party member, had tried without success to establish a Communist Scouting association. In late 1991, Vu Xuan Hong, Secretary of the Movement of Marxist Youth, approached the Asia-Pacific Regional Office of the WOSM. The General Secretariat of the international movement did not follow up on this approach, since the organization cannot give allegiance to a political or national entity.

Some former leaders gathered together for a traditional Vietnamese Scouting Day meeting on 31 May 1993 in Hanoi. It was the first Scouting gathering since 1954 in northern Vietnam, in hopes of re-establishing the Vietnamese Scouting movement, but the result was not as expected at that point.

Today, although the Vietnamese government has not yet given official recognition, there are a lot of Scouting units already established and operating in Vietnam, mostly in southern Vietnam. There are approximately 50 Scout groups with one Scout Council in

) and many more Scout groups across southern Vietnam.

Until 2018 when the Pathfinders were founded, there were no reports of Scouting activities in northern Vietnam.

Girl Scouting

The Vietnamese Girl Scout Association (Vietnamese: Hội Nữ Hướng Đạo Việt Nam) is a former member of the World Association of Girl Guides and Girl Scouts, last mentioned in 1973.

Outside Vietnam since 1975, the Vietnamese Girl Scout Association and the Vietnamese Scout Association have merged into a single group and operate under the leadership of the International Central Committee of Vietnamese Scouting.

However, like overseas Vietnamese Scouting, girls and boys may now be seen together in

Scouting groups in Vietnam, mostly today under the Pathfinders.

International Scouting units in Vietnam

In addition, there are

]

Ideals and methods

The Scout Motto is Sắp Sẵn, translating as Be Prepared in Vietnamese. The Scout emblem incorporates the red lotus, the Vietnamese national flower.

Organization

Overseas Vietnamese Scouts are affiliated with Scout associations in their resident countries, and as such are part of these associations. However, most of them have the same International Central Committee of Vietnamese Scouting, whose committee members are elected to a four-year term. The committee helps coordinate and direct all the activities between oversea Vietnamese Scouting units, such as International Vietnamese Scouting Jamborees and Scout leader training.

There are total 54 overseas

at the end of the 8th International Vietnamese Scouting Jamboree.

Inside Vietnam, the unofficial Interprovincial Committee was set up to oversee all the activities within Vietnam until 2018, when the Pathfinders were officially founded as the sole national organization.

Structure

Before the partition of

Scout Districts

(Đạo), made up of Scout Groups (Liên đoàn).

After 1954, North Vietnam became a communist country and Scouting ceased to exist there. In South Vietnam, Vietnamese Scout Association maintained the same structure as before, except there were no geographical regions.

The Groups have been the basic Scout units for Vietnamese Scouting since the organization's inception in 1930. Groups can consist of four Scout sections- Cub Packs (Ấu đoàn), Scout Troops (Thiếu đoàn), Venturer Crews (Kha đoàn), and Rover Crews (Tráng đoàn). Scout Groups are led by a Group

(Liên đoàn trưởng) whose main role is handling communication between the local District and the Section leaders.

Sections

At the organization's inception in 1930, Vietnamese Scouting had three sections (Cub Scouts, Boy Scout, and Rover Scouts), like the original ones were developed by

.

Age Range	Scouting	Hướng đạo
7 to 10	Cub Scout	Sói con
11 to 15	Boy Scout	Thiếu sinh
16 to 18	Venture Scout	Kha Sinh
18 and above	Rover Scout	Tráng sinh

Scouting in Vietnam, like other organizations across the world, were reviewed and reformed when the National Scout Leader Conference met in Gia Dinh (presently Ho Chi Minh City) in December 1965. During the meeting, a new Scout section was created, bridging between Boy Scouts and Rover Scouts, and named "ngành Kha" similar to

nations.

Presently, the current co-ed Vietnamese Scouting has four sections (except Vietnamese Scouting in other countries where Beaver Scouts exist):

• Cub Scouts/Brownies: 7 to 11 (Sói con)
• Boy Scouts
  /Girl Scouts: 11 to 15 (Thiếu sinh)
• Venture Scouts
  : 15 to 18 (Kha sinh)
• Rover Scouts: 18 to 25 (Tráng sinh)

Including Beavers and/or equivalents in select^{[clarification needed]} countries, all are open to both genders.

References

• Scouting 'Round the World, John S. Wilson, first edition, Blandford Press 1959
• Facts on World Scouting, Boy Scouts International Bureau, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, 1961

External links

• Vietnamese Scouting, BSA