Volcanic belt
A volcanic belt is a large
The deeply deformed and eroded remnants of ancient volcanic belts are found in volcanically inactive regions such as the
Volcanic belts are similar to a
Formation
Volcanic belts may be formed by multiple tectonic settings. They may be formed by
Volcanic belts may also be formed by hotspots, which is a location on the Earth's surface that has experienced active volcanism for a long period of time. These volcanic belts are called volcanic chains. Canadian geologist John Tuzo Wilson came up with the idea in 1963 that volcanic chains like the Hawaiian Islands result from the slow movement of a tectonic plate across a "fixed" hot spot deep beneath the surface of the planet, thought to be caused by a narrow stream of hot mantle convecting up from the mantle-core boundary called a mantle plume.[4] But more recently some geologists, such as Gillian Foulger view upper-mantle convection as a cause.[5][6][7] This in turn has re-raised the antipodal pair impact hypothesis, the idea that pairs of opposite hot spots may result from the impact of a large meteor.[8] Geologists have identified some 40-50 such hotspots around the globe, with Hawaii, Réunion, Yellowstone, Galápagos, and Iceland overlying the most currently active. An example of a hotspot volcanic belt is the Anahim Volcanic Belt in British Columbia, Canada, which was formed as a result of the North American Plate sliding westward over the Anahim hotspot.[9]
Most hotspot volcanoes are
Examples
- Andean Volcanic Belt
- Garibaldi Volcanic Belt
- Taupo Volcanic Zone
- Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt
See also
References
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- ^ Volcano World - What is a volcano belt? Archived 2007-05-26 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 2007-07-08
- S2CID 129022397.
- ^ "Hotspots [This Dynamic Earth, USGS]". pubs.usgs.gov. Archived from the original on 3 February 2006. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
- ^ Foulger, Gillian. "The Great Plumes Debate 2003". Archived from the original on 2007-09-06. Retrieved 2008-02-10.
- ^ Wright, Laura. "Geotimes - November 2000: New Notes". www.geotimes.org. Archived from the original on 8 August 2017. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
- ^ "Gillian R. Foulger" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2007-07-03. Retrieved 2007-07-08.
- ^ "Antipodal hotspots and bipolar catastrophes: Were oceanic large-body impacts the cause?" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2007-11-28. Retrieved 2008-02-02.
- ^ Volcanoes of Canada - Map of Canadian volcanoes Archived 2008-06-02 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 2007-07-08