WOOK-TV

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WFAN-TV
kW[1]
HAAT330 ft (101 m)
Transmitter coordinates38°57′17″N 77°00′17″W / 38.95472°N 77.00472°W / 38.95472; -77.00472

WOOK-TV was a

UHF
stations, and an inability to upgrade channel 14's facilities to be competitive in the market led to the closure of WFAN-TV on February 12, 1972.

History

The road to air

In 1953, Richard Eaton's United Broadcasting Company, owners of WOOK (1340 AM), WFAN (100.3 FM) and Rockville–based WINX, among other outlets in the mid-Atlantic states, filed for television channels 18 in Baltimore and 50 in Washington. With no applications pending for channel 14 at Annapolis, Maryland, Eaton petitioned the FCC to move the channel 14 allotment to Washington, which it did in 1955; Eaton also acquired channel 14 equipment at auction from the bankrupt KACY of Festus, Missouri.[3]

In February, Eaton announced that WOOK-TV would debut with programming in the evenings only and would not feature a network affiliation or a schedule of films; in addition, Eaton, planned to build out the Baltimore construction permit as a semi-satellite of WOOK-TV.[4] The station signed jazz musician Lionel Hampton as its musical director.[5] WOOK-TV would launch from WOOK radio's studio facility in the Chillum Castle Manor subdivision, on 1st Place, NE.[2]: 7 

Initially planned to debut in September 1962,

Urban League and the NAACP worried that the station would not represent the community well, that WOOK-TV would depict African Americans "in the tap-dancing, shouting type of program", much as in radio; Eaton pledged not to program "distasteful" shows on the new station.[7] The station finally debuted on March 6, 1963.[8] It was the District's second UHF television station, after public WETA-TV (channel 26), which had gone on the air in 1961.[9] Some 90,000 to 100,000 UHF converters were in place when channel 14 signed on.[2]
: 15 

Initial programming

At the outset, channel 14's programming included a number of Black-hosted series. The station aired two daily newscasts, as well as the interview show Washington Speaks and several syndicated shows aimed at an African American audience. However, going against Eaton's promise of a year earlier, WOOK-TV filled its remaining hours with films, primarily pre-1945 fare. It also produced some general-audience entertainment programs, including a high school quiz show, children's program Aunt Mary's Birthday Party,[2]: 17  and a talent show. Musical director Hampton produced at WOOK a music show that was syndicated to other stations.[2]: 17  The Precola DeVore Show, covering fashion and beauty topics, was hosted by Precola DeVore, who became one of the first black women business owners in Washington when she founded a charm school in 1953; she was nationally recognized for helping to break the color barrier in modeling.[2]: 37 

Channel 14's connection with WOOK radio also had its advantages. Six days a week, WOOK disc jockey Bob King hosted Teenarama Dance Party, an in-studio dance show with a black teenage audience. Over a seven-year run on the air (though King left in a dispute with management in 1968[2]: 14 ), Teenarama hosted rising stars and famous musicians including Chubby Checker, Dee Dee Sharp[10] and Brook Benton, as well as musical talent in town to play the Howard Theatre.[2]: 29  Teenarama Dance Party would later be considered the most important program in WOOK-TV/WFAN-TV's broadcast history.[2]: 31 

WOOK-TV also produced for local and national advertisers commercials for its target market. The station's production department counted among its clients

Sinclair Oil, Newport cigarettes and Speed Queen washers and dryers.[10]

On March 1, 1967, the Baltimore station, with the call letters WMET-TV and having been moved to channel 24 in a 1961 allocation revision, began telecasting, with plans to carry 80 percent of WOOK-TV's programming.[11] An attempted 1971 sale of WMET-TV to the Christian Broadcasting Network never closed, and channel 24 folded on January 14, 1972.[12]

A time of change

In 1967, WOOK's programming began to shift to include more local news and public affairs content. This change would allow the station to spend less on films, where it had found itself uncompetitive with the VHF stations in purchasing the rights to attractive motion pictures.[13] That year, it added two and a half hours a day of local and United Press International news hosted by Tex Gathings and a new talk show, Controversy, hosted by Dennis Richards.[2]: 18  Controversy went through several host changes in its early months on air, while the new news show met with poor reception because of the small size of the WOOK-TV news department.[2]: 19  Also in 1967, WMET-TV (moved to channel 24 in an allocation revision six years earlier), the Baltimore station, finally began broadcasting. Early the next year, Channel 14 also added weekly hours in Italian and Spanish, and on February 14, it changed call letters from WOOK-TV to WFAN-TV, matching Eaton's other Washington station, Spanish-language FM outlet WFAN 100.3.

More than the programming and call letters was changing at the newly renamed WFAN-TV in 1968. John Panagos, the station's general manager and vice president of United, was replaced with E. Carlton "Bud" Myers; Bob King left, leaving Teenarama Dance Party to rotate hosts until it ended in 1970; and an attempt to unionize led to a walkout at the end of August.[2]: 20 

License challenge

In 1965, even as the Federal Communications Commission gave short-term renewals to a number of Eaton-owned outlets, WOOK-TV was one of three that received a full-term renewal of its license.[14] In 1966, United's AM and TV stations in Washington came in for competition when two groups vied to take them over: Washington Community Broadcasting Company, led by journalist Drew Pearson and which also sought to take over the radio station, and Washington Civic Television, whose principals included WRC-TV sportscaster Jim Simpson and Lewis Shollenberger, former head of Radio Liberty in Munich.[15]

At the next renewal cycle, in 1969, the FCC designated Washington Community's challenges alongside WOOK's and WFAN-TV's license renewals for hearing.[16] Washington Community had become the only challenger for channel 14 when Washington Civic Television dropped out and merged with it, bringing Truman-era Assistant Attorney General Thurman Arnold into its fold.[16] It then dropped out of the television fight in 1970 after the death of Pearson the year before.[17] (Washington Community would eventually win the 1340 frequency held by WOOK radio, with the result being the launch of WYCB in August 1978.) United also attempted to upgrade WFAN-TV's signal, boosting its effective radiated power to 1,265 kW from a transmitter site in Bethesda, Maryland;[1] however, the FCC denied the move because of overlap with WMET-TV's signal.[18]

Closure and license deletion

On February 12, 1972, United took WFAN-TV dark, citing the company's financial condition.

WTTG-TV and UHF newcomer WDCA—for programming and advertisers.[20] Thirteen employees lost their jobs, while five continued to provide engineering services to the radio stations.[21]

That November, amid calls to delete channel 14 from television use in Washington and convert it to land mobile use, United found a buyer for WFAN-TV: two Milwaukee businessmen, Robert S. Block and Marvin Fishman, who proposed operation of channel 14 on a subscription television basis and would pay $250,000 for the channel if the FCC approved their plan.[22][23]

In 1973, while the hearing examiner's initial decision found against WOOK and preferred its competing application to the renewal of that station, it found United qualified to be a licensee and recommended renewal of channel 14's (unchallenged) license.[24] United asked the FCC to keep the WFAN-TV license active while it tried to sell it, but the FCC said that because of the multiple and interrelated proceedings against Eaton that were likely to take years, that would simply take too long. The commission ordered United to put WFAN-TV and WMET-TV back on the air by July 1.[25] The deadline was pushed back to December 1;[18] United notified the FCC that it intended to appeal the order.[26] On April 26, 1974, the FCC ruled that both licenses should be revoked so that new applications could be accepted for Washington's channel 14 and Baltimore's channel 24.[27]

Channel 14 after WOOK-TV

Further information: WMDO-CD and WFDC-DT

Channel 14 remained unused by a full-power station in Washington for more than 20 years after the closure of WOOK-TV. In 1976, it was reactivated in the form of translator W14AA, relaying the

WNVC was constructed on channel 56 instead, and on its sign-on in June 1981, W14AA was no longer necessary.[31]

Later in the year, CVETC sold W14AA to Los Cerezos Television Company. Los Cerezos (Spanish for "Cherry Trees") had established in 1980 a satellite-fed translator station on channel 56 of the

Spanish International Network, the second such "satellator", initially authorized on an experimental basis.[32] After the FCC gave its approval to feed translators by satellite, W14AA returned to air as the Washington affiliate of SIN (now known as Univision). In order to accommodate the new full-power channel 14, this station moved to channel 48 in 1989 and is today WMDO-CD.[33]

As the FCC began taking applications for a new licensee for channel 14, now licensed to

WTMW, named for Urban's sole owner, Theodore M. White.[34]

References

  1. ^ a b "WFAN-TV" (PDF). Television Factbook. 1970–1971. p. 142-B (144). Retrieved December 5, 2019.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Sparinberg, Jennifer (April 18, 2013). "WOOK-TV TELEVISION PRODUCTION FACILITY: PROPERTY HISTORY AND EVALUATION" (PDF). Retrieved December 5, 2019.
  3. ^ "$79,273 in High Bids for Assets of Defunct Television Station". St. Louis Globe-Democrat. May 13, 1955. p. 6C. Retrieved February 2, 2021.
  4. ^ "WOOK-TV to construct ch. 14 outlet in D.C." (PDF). Broadcasting. February 5, 1962. p. 50. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
  5. ^ "Fates & Fortunes" (PDF). Broadcasting. June 18, 1962. p. 77. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
  6. ^ "Ethnic group programming expands" (PDF). Broadcasting. September 3, 1962. pp. 42–46. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
  7. ^ "Equipment problems delay WOOK-TV" (PDF). Broadcasting. February 18, 1963. pp. 125, 126. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
  8. ProQuest 141892030
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  9. ^ "Output of all-channel sets perking up" (PDF). Broadcasting. March 25, 1963. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
  10. ^ a b "WOOK-TV is flourishing with 100% Negro schedule" (PDF). Sponsor. August 26, 1963. pp. 15–16, 20. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
  11. ^ Shelsby, Theodore F. (March 1, 1967). "UHF TV Station Begins Service". Baltimore Sun. p. C9. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
  12. ^ "Eaton station goes dark" (PDF). Broadcasting. January 17, 1972. p. 8. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  13. ProQuest 143375562
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  14. ^ "Eaton gets short renewals, again" (PDF). Broadcasting. January 25, 1965. p. 60. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
  15. ^ "Three-way fight for WOOK-TV" (PDF). Broadcasting. September 5, 1966. pp. 49, 52. Retrieved December 4, 2019.
  16. ^ a b "Hearing set on D.C. stations" (PDF). Broadcasting. June 9, 1969. p. 9. Retrieved December 4, 2019.
  17. ^ "Pearson death alters D.C. group's objective" (PDF). Broadcasting. April 13, 1970. p. 53. Retrieved December 4, 2019.
  18. ^ a b "United to go to court over WFAN-WMET" (PDF). Broadcasting. August 13, 1973. p. 25. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
  19. ^ "Another leg goes out from under Eaton" (PDF). Broadcasting. February 14, 1972. p. 42. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
  20. ^ "In Memoriam, Channel 14 — WFAN-TV, 1963–1972" (PDF). Broadcasting. February 28, 1972. p. 27. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
  21. ProQuest 148334077
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  22. ^ "Everybody wants to take over channel 14 in Washington" (PDF). Broadcasting. November 13, 1972. pp. 29, 30.
  23. ProQuest 148239632
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  24. ^ "Eaton loses WOOK in initial decision; WFAN-TV is renewed" (PDF). Broadcasting. February 26, 1973. pp. 33–34. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
  25. ^ "Eaton told to light up two U's now off the air" (PDF). Broadcasting. April 9, 1973. p. 42. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
  26. ^ "Another try" (PDF). Broadcasting. October 15, 1973. p. 18. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
  27. ^ "FCC lifts licenses of two Eaton UHF's" (PDF). Broadcasting. April 29, 1974. p. 7. Retrieved December 5, 2019.
  28. ^ a b Darling, Lynn (May 22, 1978). "Area Groups Compete for Channel 14". Washington Post. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  29. ProQuest 146547485
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  30. ProQuest 146813698
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  31. ^ "In brief" (PDF). Broadcasting. December 27, 1976. p. 20.
  32. ^ "Nation's second experimental "satellator" station..." (PDF). Broadcasting. June 23, 1980. p. 25. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
  33. ^ "WMDO-CD Facility Data". FCCData.
  34. ^ "Change of mind" (PDF). Broadcasting. April 9, 1984. p. 84. Retrieved December 6, 2019.
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