Zakare III Zakarian

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Zakare III Zakarian
Kobayr Monastery, painted in the 1270s.[1]
Amirspasalar
In office
1250–1261
Preceded byAvag Zakarian
Succeeded byIvane III Abuletisdze
Personal details
BornUnknown
Died1261
Resting placeKobayr monastery
SpouseSargis I Jaqeli's daughter
ParentShahnshah Zakarian
Military service
Battles/warsSiege of Baghdad

Zakare III Zakarian or Zakaria III Mkhargrdzeli (

Court official of the Kingdom of Georgia, holding the position of amirspasalar (Commander-in-Chief) for the Georgian
army.

Family

He was a son of the noble

Hasan Brosh, Prince of Kakheti and son of Vasak Xaxbakean, and Sevadin, son of Grigor Xachenac'i.[3][4]

Kobayr Monastery Chapel-Aisle.[5]

Biography

King

David VII Ulu made Zakare, son of Shahnshah Zakarian, an escort for his journey to Karakorum, where Zakare attended on an official recognition of David by Güyük Khan. According to the 13th century historian Juvayni
:

From

Badr al-Din Luʾluʾ; and from the city of Peace, Baghdad, the chief qadi Fakhr al-Din. There also came the Sultan of Erzurum, envoys from the Franks, and from Kerman and Fars also; and from ʿAla al-Din of Alamut, his governors in Quhistan, Shihab al-Din and Shams al-Din. And all this great assembly came with such baggage as befitted a court; and there came also from other directions so many envoys and messengers that two thousand felt tents had been made ready for them: there came also merchants with the rare and precious things that are produced in the East and the West.

— Juvayni, 1: 249–50.[6]

Siege of Baghdad (1258)

Jami al-tawarikh
; the soldiers on the pontoons block the dawatdar from escaping down the Tigris.

In 1258, Zakare participated in the

Prince Prosh Khaghbakian. They participated in the capture of the city and the massacre of its inhabitants, but the Christians were spared.[7][8][9] According to Bar Hebraeus, the Georgians, who had been recognized warriors among the Mongols since the 1240s, 'especially effected a great slaughter'.[10] From the Christian point of view, the conquest of Baghdad was considered as a "divine revenge" against the Caliphate.[7]

In 1260, Hulegu Khan requested from David VII Ulu to support him in the war against Mamluk Sultanate in Cairo. David, remembering the Georgian losses at Baghdad refused to comply and revolted against his Mongol overlord. It happened that Zakare was with Mongol general Arghun Aqa. However he went unbeknownst to Arghun to see his wife who was with her father Sargis I Jaqeli, one of the rebels. When Arghun learned about this, he notified Hulegu, who himself ordered that Zakare be taken shackled. Zakare was executed, while his father Shahnshah was freed for a ransom.[11][12]

Mural paintings

The family members of the Zakarian family, including

Kobayr Monastery (1282).[14][15] Khutlubuga in particular is directly attested through an inscription and a relatively well preserved mural, renforcing the suggestion that other close members of the dynasty were also depicted with him.[16]

Sources

  • Shoshiashvili, N., Georgian Soviet Encyclopedia, vol. 7, p. 271. Tbilisi, 1979

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 978-1-58839-737-9
    .
  2. Pŕosh Khaghbakian
    . The Mongols placed considerable trust in these Armenian lords, whose assistance they had received since the 1230s.
  3. ^ Galstyan, A.G. (1974). "The conquest of Armenia by the Mongol armies" (PDF). The Armenian Review. Hairenik Association: 366. Participated in the taking of Baghdad: Zakare , Shahinshah's son ; Hasan Brosh , son of Vasak Xaxbakean ; Sevadin , son of Grigor Xachenac'i and others . At Hulegu's order on February 1, 1258 prince Brosh Xaxbakean was sent at the head of a delegation of the Mongol command to the last Caliph of Baghdad Mu'tasim.
  4. ^ Grousset (1970). Empire of the Steppes--History of Central Asia. p. 356. The Mongols, whose ranks included many Nestorians, such as the Naiman Kitbuqa (to say nothing of the Georgian auxiliaries led by Hasan Brosh, the Armeno-Georgian prince of Kakhetia), consistently spared the Christian elements in Baghdad at the time of the sack.
  5. ^ Дрампян, Ирина Рубеновна (1979). Фрески Кобайра (in Armenian). Советакан грох. p. 20. Shahnshah , of the Zakarian family. Though we don't have documental informations concerning the paintings of the Aisle , the portraits of the donators whom we consider to be Shahnshah and his wife allow us to look upon the painting as one close to the date of the Big Church ; the likeness in the artistic style confirms this suggestion
  6. ISBN 9781316711774
    .
  7. ^
    Shahanshah, participated in the operations against Baghdad in 1258 and the Armenian aristocracy was fully involved as well. Eastern Christianity embraced the conquest of Baghdad by Hülegü's army as divine revenge. The Mongols massacred the Muslim population of the city but spared the Christians. Hülegü gave the palace of the Dawādār (vice chancellor) to the Nestorian patriarch Makhika. Kirakos
    describes the fall of Baghdad in joyful terms and states that all the oriental Christians were exulting because after 647 years the "Muslim tyranny" had finally ended.
  8. Prince Pŕosh Khaghbakian
    . The Mongols placed considerable trust in these Armenian lords, whose assistance they had received since the 1230s.
  9. doi:10.1163/9789004513372_012
    . At the very beginning of 1258 Hülegü and his multi-ethnic armies—including Chinese siege breakers, Armenian and Georgian auxiliaries and quite a few Sunnī Muslim troops from Central Asia, Iran and Iraq— converged on Baghdād from all sides. Fighting began in earnest in mid-January, and the city was taken on February 10, 1258, when the caliph left the city and surrendered to Hülegü.
  10. ISBN 978-1-107-16756-8
    . Bar Hebraeus reports that the Georgians 'especially effected a great slaughter'. The Georgians had already gained a strong reputation for fighting among the Mongols. When the Franciscan Benedict the Pole returned from his missions to the Mongols in the late 1240s, he reported: "While they were staying there, they often met Georgians who lived among the Tartars and were highly respected by them as brave and warlike men. These people are called Georgians because they invoke St Gearge in their wars and have him as patron and honour him beyond all other saints. They use the Greek version of Holy Scripture and have crosses on their camps and carts. They follow the Greek rited in divine worship among the Tartars"
  11. ^ Kirakos Gandzakets‘i , 1961:391–393
  12. ^ Vardan Arevelts‘i , 1991:152
  13. doi:10.18688/aa2111-02-21
    . Thus, it could be assumed that in Haghpat there was painted a group of patrons, besides Khutlubuga and Sadun presumably including Zakare (from the right to left), Ivane, and Shahnshah.
  14. doi:10.18688/aa2111-02-21
    . In this regard, we could compare it with the other patron's composition in the small church of Kobayr (1282) with the members of Zakare family, where some of them are included inside the arches [6, pp. 12–13, fig. 34–35].
  15. ^ a b Дрампян, Ирина Рубеновна (1979). Фрески Кобайра (in Armenian). Советакан грох. p. 20. Shahnshah , of the Zakarian family. Though we don't have documental informations concerning the paintings of the Aisle , the portraits of the donators whom we consider to be Shahnshah and his wife allow us to look upon the painting as one close to the date of the Big Church ; the likeness in the artistic style confirms this suggestion
  16. ^
    doi:10.18688/aa2111-02-21
    .
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