Haghpat Monastery

Coordinates: 41°05′38″N 44°42′43″E / 41.093889°N 44.711944°E / 41.093889; 44.711944
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Haghpat Monastery
Հաղպատավանք
A view of Haghpat Monastery
Religion
AffiliationArmenian Apostolic Church
RiteArmenian Apostolic Church
Location
Locationnear Haghpat, Lori Province, Armenia
Haghpat Monastery is located in Armenia
Haghpat Monastery
Shown within Armenia
Haghpat Monastery is located in Continental Asia
Haghpat Monastery
Haghpat Monastery (Continental Asia)
Geographic coordinates41°05′38″N 44°42′43″E / 41.093889°N 44.711944°E / 41.093889; 44.711944
Architecture
StyleArmenian
Groundbreaking10th century
Official name: Monasteries of Haghpat and Sanahin
TypeCultural
Criteriaii, iv
Designated1996 (20th session)
Reference no.777-001
UNESCO RegionWestern Asia

Haghpat Monastery, also known as Haghpatavank (Armenian: Հաղպատավանք), is a medieval monastery complex in Haghpat, Armenia,[1] built between the 10th and 13th century.

Location

Road map of the Haghpat-Sanahin area

The location of Haghpat Monastery was chosen so that it overlooks the Debed River in northern Armenia's

cirque, which is often wreathed in clouds. A peak on the opposite side of the river is over 2,500 meters high. The monasteries of northern Armenia are not isolated, unlike their counterparts in the country's arid regions. They were built in a village environment and Haghpat is surrounded by many hamlets.[2]

History and description

Plan of Haghpat

The monastery was founded by Queen Khosrovanuysh, wife of the Bagratid king

Ashot III, probably in 976.[3] The nearby monastery at Sanahin was built around the same time.[4]

Cathedral of Surb Nshan

The largest church in the complex, the

Smbat and Kurike, are shown with Queen Khosravanuysh in a bas-relief on the east gable.[7]
Apart from one or two minor restorations carried out in the eleventh and twelfth centuries, the church has retained its original character.

Other structures

There are several other structures at the site as well. There is the small domed Church of

belltower was constructed. Other 13th-century additions include the chapel of Sourb Astvatsatsin, a library and scriptorium (later converted into a storeroom), and a large refectory, which is outside the monastery limits.[8]

There are also a number of splendid khachkars (cross-stones) of the 11th-13th centuries standing on the territory of the monastery, the best known among them is the "Amenaprkich" (All-Savior) khachkar which has been standing since 1273.[8]

Crusades

In 1260,

St Bartholomew.[13]

Survival throughout history

The monastery has been damaged many times. Sometime around 1130, an earthquake destroyed parts of Haghpat Monastery and it was not restored until fifty years later. It also suffered numerous attacks by armed forces in the many centuries of its existence and from a major earthquake in 1988. Nevertheless, much of the complex is still intact and stands today without substantial alterations.[2][8]

  • Medieval notables of Haghpat
    Medieval notables of Haghpat
  • Canon tables from the Haghbat Gospels, created at Horomos Monastery and soon after given to the Haghpat Monastery; 1211 (Matendaran, MS 6288, fols. 8v–9r).[14][15]
    Canon tables from the Haghbat Gospels, created at
    Horomos Monastery and soon after given to the Haghpat Monastery; 1211 (Matendaran, MS 6288, fols. 8v–9r).[14][15]
  • Mural representing Khutlubuga. Church of the Holy Sign. Haghpat Monastery, southern wall. Late 13th century.[6]
    Mural representing Khutlubuga. Church of the Holy Sign. Haghpat Monastery, southern wall. Late 13th century.[6]
  • Deesis. Church of the Holy Sign. Haghpat Monastery. Wall painting in the semi-dome. Early 13th century.[16]
    Deesis. Church of the Holy Sign. Haghpat Monastery. Wall painting in the semi-dome. Early 13th century.[16]

Significance, UNESCO World Heritage Site

Described as a "

World Heritage List in 1996.[2]
The monasteries at Haghpat and Sanahin were chosen as UNESCO World Heritage Sites because:

The two monastic complexes represent the highest flowering of Armenian

ecclesiastical architecture and the traditional vernacular architecture of the Caucasian region.[1]

Today the area is an increasingly popular tourist site.

Gallery

  • The belltower
    The
    belltower
  • The belltower and the Church of Sourb Nshan
    The belltower and the Church of Sourb Nshan
  • Artistically carved entranceway to one of the buildings
    Artistically carved entranceway to one of the buildings
  • Smbat II and his brother Kiurike I depicted at the entrance to Haghpat Monastery
    Smbat II and his brother Kiurike I
    depicted at the entrance to Haghpat Monastery
  • Dome (interior)
    Dome (interior)
  • Monastery gate, looking from inside out; note stone crosses (khachkars) left and right
    Monastery gate, looking from inside out; note stone crosses (khachkars) left and right
  • Monastery gate, stone crosses (khachkars)
    Monastery gate, stone crosses (khachkars)
  • Church interior, nave and altar
    Church interior, nave and altar
  • Library and scriptorium (storage jars were inserted into the floor when the room was later converted into a storeroom)
    Library and scriptorium (storage jars were inserted into the floor when the room was later converted into a storeroom)

References

  1. ^ a b UNESCO, "Monasteries of Haghpat and Sanahin"
  2. ^ a b c "The monastery of Haghpat" by Elisabeth Baudourian, UNESCO Courier, May 1998
  3. ISBN 978-0810906259
    .
  4. ^ Armenica.org, "The Architectural Complex of Haghpat Monastery"
  5. ISBN 978-0-19-093588-7
    .
  6. ^
    doi:10.18688/aa2111-02-21
    .
  7. ^ Nersessian, Sirarpie Der (1970). The Armenians. Praeger Publishers. p. 202. The two brothers , Gurgen ( Kiurike I ) on the left and King Smbat II on the right , hold a model of the church . Smbat , as King of Ani , wears a large turban like the one worn later by Gagik I
  8. ^ a b c Sourb Nshan, Sourb Astvatsatsin, Sourb Grigor
  9. ^
    Hasan Prosh
    , were required to besiege Mayyafariqin, the northernmost Ayyubid base in the Jazira before the capture of Akhlat. It took two years to reduce the city, leading to a situation far worse than that faced in Akhlat in 1229–30.
  10. ISBN 978-0-313-00111-6
    . A small Mongol detachment, supported by a much larger force of Georgians and Armenians who saw themselves as participating in a crusade against the Muslims under the command of Georgian leader Hasan Brosh, moved against Diyarbekir, which fell after a long siege. While the siege was under way, Hulagu, together with a Christian army from Lesser Armenia, prepared to conquer Musim Syria. (...) He then crossed the Euphrates, and laid siege to Aleppo on January 18, 1260, with the support of Hethum's Armenians and the Frankish troops supplied by Bohemond VI from Antioch. (....) Operating under the Mongol security umbrella, Bohemond also seized the Muslim coastal enclave at Latakia, thereby resestablishing Frankish control of all land between Tripoli and Antioch for the first time since 1187.
  11. Badr al-Dīn Lu'lu'
    , who was in conflict with al-Kāmil Muhammad, sent a supporting force to the Mongols commanded by his son, along with siege engineers to Mayyāfāriqīn.
  12. ^
    ISBN 978-0-8135-0627-2
    .
  13. St Maruta (c. 399–410), giving the city its alternative name of Martyropolis, the 'City of Martyrs'. The soldiers then gave these captured relics to their monasteries. Haghbat
    managed to acquire the hand of the Apostle St Bartholomew: 'And it really is still there.'
  14. doi:10.1017/9781316711774.003
    . Reflect contemporary fashion, with its sharbushes (the high, peaked hats) and bright kaftans." "Note:51 Executed at the monastery of Horomos in 1211, but given to the monastery at Haghbat soon after.
  15. ISBN 9781316711774
    .
  16. ^ Hakobyan, Zaruhi A. (2021). "The Frescoes of the Haghpat Monastery in the Historical-Confessional Context of the 13th Century" (PDF). Actual Problems of Theory and History of Art. 11: 940, Ill. 29.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Haghpat.
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