1853 in science
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The year 1853 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below.
Biology
- March 17 –
- fungi cause plant disease.
Exploration
- November 25 – First definite sighting of Heard Island in the Antarctic.
- Alfred Russel Wallace publishes A Narrative of Travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro, with an account of the native tribes, and observations on the climate, geology, and natural history of the Amazon Valley.
Mathematics
- Jakob Steiner investigates the Steiner system.[2]
Medicine
- August 1 – Under terms of the Vaccination Act in the United Kingdom, all children born after this date are to receive compulsory vaccination against smallpox during their first 3 months of life.[3]
- hypertrophic muscular dystrophy.[4]
- Charles Pravaz and Alexander Wood independently invent a practical hypodermic syringe.
- Antoine Desormeaux produces and names an urinary tract.[5]
Meteorology
- John Francis Campbell invents the original form of Campbell–Stokes recorder (for sunshine).
Technology
- Eugenio Barsanti and Felice Matteucci first develop the Barsanti-Matteucci engine, an internal combustion engine using the free-piston principle.[6][7]
- Sir glider).
Awards
- Copley Medal: Heinrich Wilhelm Dove[8]
- Wollaston Medal for Geology: Adolphe d'Archiac; Édouard de Verneuil
Births
- January 24 – Alfred Senier (died 1918), British chemist.
- February 15 – Frederick Treves (died 1923), English surgeon.
- March 2 – Ambrosius Hubrecht (died 1915), Dutch zoologist.
- March 10 – entomologist.
- April 8 – Laura Alberta Linton (died 1915), American chemist.
- July 18 – Hendrik Lorentz (died 1928), Dutch physicist and Nobel laureate.
- September 2 – Baltic German chemist.
- September 9 – neurologist.
Deaths
- March 17 – Christian Doppler (born 1803), Austrian mathematician and discoverer of the Doppler effect.
- March 20 – Robert James Graves (born 1796), Irish physician
- April 23 – Auguste Laurent (born 1807), French chemist.
- July 8 – entomologist.
- September 14 – ornithologist.
- October 2 – François Arago (born 1786), French mathematician, physicist, and astronomer.
- October 18 – naturalist.
References
- ^ Nouvelle fonction du foie, considéré comme organe producteur de matière sucrée chez l'homme et les animaux. Paris.
- ^ Steiner, J. (1853). "Combinatorische Außgabe". Journal für die Reine und Angewandte Mathematik. 45: 181–182.
- ^ "United Kingdom Vaccination Act 1853". Policy Navigator. The Health Foundation. Retrieved 2020-11-18.
- PMID 3060808.
- ^ Engel, Rainer (2007). "Development of the Modern Cystoscope: An Illustrated History". Medscape. Retrieved 2011-10-17.
- ^ "The Historical Documents". Barsanti e Matteucci. Fondazione Barsanti & Matteucci. 2009. Archived from the original on 2017-02-25. Retrieved 2013-11-01.
- ISBN 978-0-904685-15-2.
- ^ "Copley Medal | British scientific award". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 23 July 2020.