2020 Montenegrin parliamentary election
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All 81 seats in the Parliament 41 seats needed for a majority | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Turnout | 76.64% (3.23pp) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below.
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Constitution |
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Parliamentary elections were held in Montenegro on 30 August 2020.[1] They were the fifth parliamentary in Montenegro since gaining its independence in 2006. Eighty-one members of the Montenegrin parliament were elected. Elections were organized in special conditions, due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Montenegro. The parliamentary election was also held simultaneously with the local elections in five municipalities.
The period before the election was marked by the high polarization of the electorate. Several corruption scandals of the ruling party triggered
The election resulted in a victory for the
Background
Following the 2016 parliamentary elections, the entire opposition started a collective boycott of all parliamentary sittings. In January 2017, 39 of the 81 MPs were boycotting parliament, requesting early elections to be held no later than 2018, when the next presidential elections were scheduled.[3][4]
In 2016, then Vice President of the ruling
In its June 2018 report, issued after the April 2018 presidential election, the OSCE's Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights, called for election reforms in Montenegro, and for more integrity, impartiality, and professionalism in election administration.[7]
The EU-backed board for electoral system reform, which both the government and the opposition participated in, failed in December 2019, after the opposition left the board sessions as a protest against the government passing a controversial law on religion, accusing the ruling party of inciting ethnic hatred and unrest.
In its political rights and civil liberties worldwide report in May 2020,
Electoral system
The 81 seats of the Parliament of Montenegro are elected in a single nationwide constituency using closed list proportional representation. Seats are allocated using the d'Hondt method with a 3% electoral threshold; however, minority groups that account for no more than 15% of the population in a district are given an exemption that lowers the electoral threshold to 0.7% for a maximum of three seats.[15] A separate exemption is given to ethnic Croats whereby if no list representing the population passes the 0.7% threshold, the list with the most votes will win one seat if it receives more than 0.35% of the vote.[16]
Campaign
On 1 May 2019, the
On 11 July 2020, the
Democratic Montenegro, DEMOS, the New Left, PUPI and the NGO Policy Research Society, agreed to form a pre-election coalition under the name Peace is Our Nation, with Democratic Montenegro leader Aleksa Bečić as a ballot carrier.[23][24]
On 12 July 2020, the opposition Social Democratic Party of Montenegro (SDP) announced that it would run independently,[25] as did the Social Democrats of Montenegro (SD), junior party in the previous government coalition, a few days earlier.[26]
On 28 July 2020, the
Prior to August 2020, the centre-right minority politics
On 1 August 2020, the ruling Democratic Party of Socialists (DPS) decided to run independently, with Andrija Popović as Liberal Party (LP) representative on their electoral list, with incumbent prime-minister Duško Marković as a ballot carrier.[30]
Electoral lists
# | Electoral list name | Ballot carrier | Political position | Note |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Social Democrats – Ivan Brajović – We decide, consistently | Ivan Brajović | Centre-left, populism | |
2 | Bosniak Party – Correctly – Rafet Husović | Ervin Ibrahimović | Centre-right to right | M |
3 | HGI – With all heart for Montenegro! | Adrian Vuksanović | Centre-right | M |
4 | Social Democratic Party – Strong Montenegro! | Draginja Vuksanović
|
Centre-left | |
5 | Croatian Reform Party of Montenegro – HRS
|
Radovan Marić | Centre to centre-right | M |
6 | Dritan Abazović – In Black and White – Srđan Pavićević | Dritan Abazović | Centre-left | |
7 | Albanian Coalition – Unanimously – DP, DUA, DSCG | Fatmir Gjeka | Centre-right to right | M |
8 | Decisively for Montenegro! DPS – Milo Đukanović | Duško Marković | Big tent, populism | |
9 | Popular Movement
|
Zdravko Krivokapić | Centre-right to right | |
10 | Albanian List – Genci Nimanbegu, Nik Đeljošaj | Nik Gjeloshaj | Centre-right to right | M |
11 | Aleksa Bečić – Miodrag Lekić – Peace is Our Nation | Aleksa Bečić | Big tent, centrism | |
• Source: National Electoral Commission (official website). • Note: "M" denotes the national minority electoral list. |
Opinion polls
Poll results are listed in the table below in reverse chronological order, showing the most recent first, and using the date poll was published. The highest percentage figure in each polling survey is displayed in bold, and the background shaded in the leading party's colour. In the instance that there is a tie, then no figure is shaded. The lead column on the right shows the percentage-point difference between the two parties with the highest figures. The threshold for a party to provide their deputies in parliament is 3%, except for minority parties and coalitions (E.g. BS, Forca and AA), for which that threshold does not apply.
- [a] denotes the poll was commissioned by an election participating political party.
- [b] denotes the poll was commissioned by an embassy or a foreign institute.
Date | Polling firm/source | DPS | DF | PCG | SNP | UCG | URA | Demos | DCG | SDP | SD | BS | Forca | AA | Others | Lead |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Results | 35.06 | 32.55 | 5.54 | 12.53 | 3.14 | 4.10 | 3.98 | 1.58 | 1.52 | 2.51 | ||||||
Aug 2020 | ICA | 35.1 | 25.9 | 7.5 | 15.5 | 3.1 | 2.6 | 5.4 | 4.4 | 0.5 | 9.2 | |||||
Aug 2020 | CeDem | 35.3 | 24.7 | 6.6 | 16.5 | 4.2 | 5.3 | 4.8 | 1.9 | 0.7 | 10.6 | |||||
July 2020 | NSPM | 35.9 | 17.2 | 3.8 | 4.5 | >1 | 6.1 | 3.5 | 17.5 | 3.4 | 1.8 | 3.2 | 1.3 | 1.8 | 18.4 | |
July 2020 | HoW[a] | 41.2 | 15.8 | 6.1 | 2.4 | 16.4 | 3.9 | 5.9 | 4.1 | 2.9 | 1.3 | 24.8 | ||||
June 2020 | HoW[a] | 39.8 | 13.8 | 2.1 | 5.1 | 0.8 | 2.2 | 2.9 | 13.2 | 3.8 | 6.2 | 4.2 | 3.3 | 2.6 | 26.0 | |
May 2020 | HoW[a] | 41.2 | 12.9 | 1.4 | 5.5 | 0.6 | 2.8 | 3.1 | 12.1 | 4.4 | 6.5 | 4.1 | 3.2 | 2.2 | 28.3 | |
Apr 2020 | HoW[a] | 40.5 | 12.5 | 1.8 | 5.2 | 0.9 | 2.7 | 2.7 | 13.5 | 4.1 | 6.1 | 4.2 | 3.1 | 2.7 | 26 | |
Feb 2020 | ICA | 32.8 | 23.1 | 1.6 | 2.6 | 0.7 | 3.3 | 2.3 | 11.8 | 3.1 | 2.7 | 5.1 | 4.5 | 6.4 | 9.7 | |
Dec 2019 | CeDem | 37 | 13.2 | 2.2 | 5.8 | 1.2 | 3.7 | 2.6 | 15 | 4.1 | 4.8 | 4.9 | 1 | 1.6 | 2.9 | 22 |
Oct 2019 | NSPM[b] | 35.5 | 20.8 | 1.9 | 6.3 | 2.5 | 1.7 | 15.1 | 3.2 | 4.4 | 3.2 | 2.3 | 3.1 | 14.7 | ||
Sep 2019 | Damar[a] | 38 | 15.3 | 4.3 | 4 | 0.7 | 2.7 | 2.5 | 14.8 | 2.8 | 4.3 | 4 | 2.6 | 4.0 | 22.7 | |
Aug 2019 | Ipsos | 41 | 13 | 3 | 8 | 2 | 2.5 | 17 | 2 | 4 | 2 | >1 | 2 | 3.5 | 24 | |
July 2019 | CeDem | 34 | 15.6 | 2.3 | 6.6 | 4.9 | 3.7 | 14.6 | 3.1 | 5.3 | 4.3 | >1 | 2.6 | 3 | 18.4 | |
Dec 2018 | CeDem | 41.5 | 10.1 | 1.1 | 6.8 | >1 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 20.7 | 3.5 | 4 | 3.2 | 0.1 | 2.3 | 1.3 | 20.8 |
Dec 2018 | NSPM[b] | 42.7 | 18.4 | 1.3 | 4.4 | 1.2 | 2.1 | 1.2 | 14.1 | 3.5 | 4.5 | 3.1 | >1 | 1.5 | 2.0 | 24.3 |
Mar 2018 | CeDem | 43 | 12.6 | 1.1 | 5.1 | >1 | 3.7 | 2.4 | 21.2 | 4 | 1.2 | 2 | 2.4 | 0.2 | 1.1 | 21.8 |
Dec 2017 | CeDem | 39.9 | 13 | — | 4.5 | 0.4 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 21.3 | 3.9 | 3.5 | 2.7 | 0.7 | 1 | 3.2 | 18.6 |
Oct 2017 | Ipsos[b] | 40 | 15 | — | 5 | — | 3 | 3 | 23 | 3 | 3 | 3 | >1 | 1 | 2 | 17 |
Oct 2017 | DeFacto[a] | 38 | 12.2 | — | 4.1 | — | 1.5 | 4.3 | 26.1 | 3.4 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2 | >1 | 6.6 | 11.9 |
July 2017 | CeDem | 39 | 11.6 | — | 4.9 | — | 4 | 5.9 | 19.9 | 3.9 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 1.2 | 1.1 | 3.7 | 19.1 |
Dec 2016 | CeDem | 36.8 | 21 | — | 7.8 | — | 1.6 | 6.3 | 12.2 | 4.1 | 2.3 | 3.4 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 3.7 | 15.8 |
Oct 2016 | Election results | 41.4 | 20.3 | 11.1 | 10.1 | 5.2 | 3.2 | 3.1 | 1.2 | 4.2 | 21.1 |
The following graph depicts the evolution of standings of the main electoral lists in the poll average since last parliamentary elections in October 2016. Graph of opinion polls conducted, trend lines represent local regressions.
Results
The result was a victory for the lists of parties which were in opposition in the previous parliament:
Opposition success at the national level was accompanied by its success at local level elections. It won four out of five municipalities where elections were held, including Budva, Kotor, Tivat and Andrijevica.[32]
Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic Party of Socialists of Montenegro | 143,515 | 35.06 | 30 | –6 | |
For the Future of Montenegro | 133,261 | 32.55 | 27 | +6 | |
Peace is Our Nation | 51,298 | 12.53 | 10 | –2 | |
In Black and White | 22,679 | 5.54 | 4 | +2 | |
Social Democrats of Montenegro | 16,761 | 4.09 | 3 | +1 | |
Bosniak Party | 16,279 | 3.98 | 3 | +1 | |
Social Democratic Party of Montenegro | 12,835 | 3.14 | 2 | –2 | |
Albanian List | 6,488 | 1.58 | 1 | 0 | |
Albanian Coalition | 4,675 | 1.14 | 1 | +1 | |
Croatian Civic Initiative | 1,106 | 0.27 | 0 | –1 | |
Croatian Reform Party | 496 | 0.12 | 0 | New | |
Total | 409,393 | 100.00 | 81 | 0 | |
Valid votes | 409,393 | 98.91 | |||
Invalid/blank votes | 4,500 | 1.09 | |||
Total votes | 413,893 | 100.00 | |||
Registered voters/turnout | 540,026 | 76.64 | |||
Source: DIK, Vijesti |
Aftermath
Reactions
Zdravko Krivokapić, ZBCG list leader |
Aleksa Bečić, MNN list leader |
Dritan Abazović, CnB list leader |
The
Political scientist Florian Bieber described results as the "good news for democracy".[34] Josep Borrell, High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy, and Olivér Várhelyi, European Commissioner for Neighbourhood and Enlargement, stated that they "look forward to the constitution of a new parliament and the formation of a new government that will continue Montenegro's steady path towards the EU."[36] Chair of Women wing of the European People's Party (EPP), Doris Pack supported the new parliamentary majority in Montenegro, criticizing the outgoing DPS regime for "socialist propaganda" tactics, she appealed the Western public and media to not fall in the trap of obvious propaganda, emphasizing that the EU path will undoubtedly remain the principal objective of the new government, after the regime change.[37][38][39]
On 1 September,
Incidents
Massive celebrations were held all over Montenegro the day after the elections. In Podgorica, opposition supporters clashed with the ruling DPS supporters.
On 2 September, glass was broken on the door of the Islamic Community of Pljevlja and a message was left saying "The black bird has taken off, Pljevlja will be Srebrenica." The informal group "Bunt Crna Gora" announced that, if the police do not immediately shed light on the case, "Serbs from Pljevlja will organize people's patrols in order to protect their neighbors from DPS subversion."[48] Albin Ćeman, the deputy leader of the opposition Democrats and member of Islamic community, called for calming tensions and accused the ruling party of instructed provocation.[49] The For the Future of Montenegro coalition condemned the incidents and also expressed suspicion that it was done by the outgoing DPS-led regime.[50][51] Imam of Pljevlja Samir Kadribašić stated that the attacks on the property of the Islamic community were an isolated incident of hooligans and that the new parliamentary majority parties do not represent those values. Kadribašić also expressed doubts about the activities of police in Pljevlja, saying he would hold the police directly responsible if they did not find the perpetrators of the vandalism.[52] Krivokapić protested with Serbian Orthodox Church priests in front of the Husein-paša's Mosque, with the message that they are ready to defend the places of worship of all religious communities in Montenegro.[53][54]
At the pro-
Cabinet formation
Next day after the election, the leaders of two opposition electoral lists,
The final draft agreement of the future government coalition of the new majority in Montenegro, composed of three lists that were in opposition in the previous term, was agreed and signed in front of the media on 9 September 2020 in the Podgorica Media Center. The agreement was signed by the leaders of the three winning electoral lists
On 4 December 2020, the new government was elected by 41 out of 81 members of the Parliament of Montenegro, and Krivokapić formally became the Prime Minister of Montenegro.[72]
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