Closed list
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Closed list describes the variant of
In closed list systems, each political party has pre-decided who will receive the seats allocated to that party in the elections,[1] so that the candidates positioned highest on this list tend to always get a seat in the parliament while the candidates positioned very low on the closed list will not. However, the candidates "at the water mark" of a given party are in the position of either losing or winning their seat depending on the number of votes the party gets. "The water mark" is the number of seats a specific party can be expected to achieve. The number of seats that the party wins, combined with the candidates' positions on the party's list, will then determine whether a particular candidate will get a seat.
List of countries using closed list systems
Proportional representation
- Algeria
- Angola
- Argentina
- Armenia
- Benin
- Burkina Faso
- Burundi
- Cambodia
- Colombia (depending on the party)
- Costa Rica
- Dominican Republic[2]
- East Timor
- Equatorial Guinea
- Guatemala
- Guinea-Bissau
- Guyana
- Hong Kong (1997-2016)
- Israel
- Kazakhstan[3]
- Kyrgyzstan
- Lithuania (1992-1997) (Seimas and municipalities' councils)
- Moldova
- Montenegro
- Morocco
- Mozambique
- Namibia[4]
- Nicaragua
- Niger
- North Macedonia
- Norway (de facto)
- Paraguay
- Portugal
- Romania[5]
- Rwanda
- Serbia
- South Africa
- Spain
- Sri Lanka
- Togo
- Tunisia
- Turkey
- Uruguay
Mixed electoral systems
Mixed electoral system using closed lists for the proportional component
Majoritarian representation
Party block voting (general ticket) with a closed list
- Côte d'Ivoire(party block voting in multi-member districts)
- Singapore (party block voting in multi-member districts)
- United States(electoral college)
See also
- Ley de Lemas
- List of democracy and elections-related topics
- Sekihairitsu
- Zweitmandat
References
- ^ "Open, Closed and Free Lists —". ACE Project. Archived from the original on 28 June 2020. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
- ^ "{title}". Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 November 2015. Retrieved 2 September 2018.
- ^ Lundberg, Thomas Carl (22 October 2010). "Post-communism and the abandonment of mixedmember electoral systems" (PDF). University of Glasgow. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 January 2021. Retrieved 2 January 2021.
- ^ "Elections - GRN Portal". www.ecn.na. Archived from the original on 21 July 2018. Retrieved 20 July 2018.
- ^ Filimon, Paul (20 July 2015). "Legea ALEGERILOR PARLAMENTARE pe LISTE, promulgată de Iohannis". România Liberă (in Romanian). Archived from the original on 2 July 2017. Retrieved 24 May 2018.
External links
- Country profiles at IFES
- Open, Closed and Free Lists at Ace Project