Acleistorhinidae

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Acleistorhinidae
Temporal range:
Ma
Skull reconstruction of
Colobomycter pholeter
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Clade: †Parareptilia
Order: †Procolophonomorpha
Superfamily: †Lanthanosuchoidea
Family: †Acleistorhinidae
Daly, 1969[1]
Genera

Acleistorhinidae is an

Late Carboniferous of Ohio[2] and Karutia from the Early Permian of Brazil.[3] Acleistorhinidae is commonly considered a subgroup of lanthanosuchoids, related to taxa such as Chalcosaurus, Lanthaniscus and Lanthanosuchus.[4] However, a re-examination of parareptile phylogeny conducted by Cisneros et al. (2021) argued that lanthanosuchids were not closely related to acleistorhinids. The phylogenetic analysis conducted by these authors recovered acleistorhinids as the sister group of the clade Procolophonia, while lanthanosuchids were recovered within the procolophonian subgroup Pareiasauromorpha.[3]

Acleistorhinidae is notable for being the oldest-known parareptilian clade. The family is diagnosed by the presence two

cranial ornamentation consists of sparse and shallow circular dimples.[5]

Diet

Two specimens of acleistorhinids described from the

Delorhynchus cifellii, a species named in 2014. The other specimen, OMNH 73364, has not been formally described. Fragments of arthropod cuticles are present in between the many palatal teeth of both skulls. The fragments in OMNH 73362 are thought to be the segments of an antenna, while the fragments in OMNH 73364 are thought to be part of a cercus.[6]

In acleistorhinids, the marginal teeth, which are small and recurved, are suggestive of an insectivorous diet, as they probably were used for gripping and piercing arthropod cuticle. The denticulated palate, with three pairs of tooth fields and smaller teeth in between the fields, is seen as an adaptation for holding food in the oral cavity.[6]

The teeth, which possess cutting edges, may also have been suitable for a carnivorous diet in which vertebrate flesh may have been consumed.[7] It is possible that acleistorhinids would have preyed on tetrapods that were small enough to swallow whole.[6] It is likely that one acleistorhinid, Colobomycter pholeter, specialized either on invertebrates with hard cuticles or on small tetrapods.[8]

References

  1. ^ Daly, E. (1969). "A new procolophonoid reptile from the Early Permian of Oklahoma". Journal of Paleontology. 43 (3): 676–687.
  2. PMID 31827854
    .
  3. ^
    S2CID 231741612
    .
  4. S2CID 83693335
    .
  5. doi:10.1080/02724634.1999.10011159
    .
  6. ^
    PMID 19570779
    .
  7. S2CID 14079182
    .
  8. S2CID 85991061
    .
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