ad-Dhahiriya
ad-Dhahiriya | |
---|---|
City | |
Population (2017)[1] | |
• Total | 35,924 |
Name meaning | "The village on the ridge"[2] |
Ad-Dhahiriya (also az-Zahiriya) (
History
Biblical connection, local traditions, archaeology
According to Conder and Kitchener, Ad-Dhahiriya was probably the site of the ancient biblical town of Debir.[3] They found the village undermined by caves. In the centre of ad-Dhahiriya was a tower, which appeared to be from before the Crusader era, possibly from early Christian or Roman period.[4]
Local tradition, supported by archaeology, have that ad-Dhahiriya was founded by the Mamluk sultan Baybars (r. 1260–1277), whose regnal title was 'al-Zahir' (also transliterated 'al-Dhahir').[5] Another oral tradition suggests that ad-Dhahiriya was founded after the 16th century.[6]
Ottoman period
In the
In 1838,
In 1856, a Scottish clergyman,
In 1863 the French traveler Victor Guérin visited the place, and found that many of the men had fled, mostly further south in tents, in order to avoid conscription. He noted one building, measuring sixteen steps on each side which was built in beautiful stone. It contained several vaulted chambers, and was the home of one of the sheikhs of the village. Several other private houses were also built with fine materials, from old buildings; some even seemed to date, either entirely or only in their lower courses from the Roman period.[13]
An Ottoman village list of about 1870 indicated 57 houses and a population of 206, though the population count included men, only.
British Mandatory period
In 1921, a violent conflict erupted between the residents of ad-Dhahiriya and Dura. It was resolved through the imposition of a hefty fine of 20,000 Egyptian pounds on the "brigands" of Dura.[16]
In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, ad-Dhahiriya had an entirely Muslim population of 2,266 inhabitants,[17] increasing in the 1931 census to 2,930, still all Muslim, in 603 houses.[18] In the 1945 statistics the population of Ad-Dhahiriya was 3,760, all Muslims,[19] who owned 60,585 dunams of land according to an official land and population survey.[20] 166 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 54,205 for cereals,[21] while 284 dunams were built-up (urban) land.[22]
Jordanian period
In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, ad-Dhahiriya came under Jordanian rule. The first village council was established in 1963.
The Jordanian census of 1961 found 4,199 inhabitants in Ad-Dhahiriya.[23] In 1963, a village council was established to administer al-Dhahiriya.[24]
1967, aftermath
Since the Six-Day War in 1967, ad-Dhahiriya has been under Israeli occupation. The population in the 1967 census conducted by the Israeli authorities was 4,875.[25] Since 1995, it has been governed by the Palestinian National Authority as part of Area A of the West Bank.
In 1996, the Palestinian Authority appointed a municipal council. In 2004, a 13-member council was elected with paid employees.[26]
The primary health care facilities for the municipality are designated by the Ministry of Health as level 3.[27]
According to the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), the entrance to the village was closed by an IDF earth mound on 14 April 2005, forcing all Palestinians in the area to travel via Dura.[28][needs update]
Geography
The town's municipal area spans about 98,000
Economy
Ad-Dhahiriya's location has made it a commercial center for more than 100,000 residents of the
Ad-Dhahiriya's workforce is composed of 68.6% of its population, of which 52% work within the borders of the Green Line, 17% in official government capacities, 15% in agriculture, 11% in trade and 5% in the manufacturing industry.
Culture
The old town of ad-Dhahiriya is considered an important site of historical heritage, consisting of 972 structures of historical architectural significance, representing 2.5% of all such buildings within Palestine. Initiatives from donors and the municipality have restored several historical buildings and courtyards. They have invested services and centers for tourists. The most prominent landmarks in Ad-Dhahiriya is the building known as "Al Khawkha", a compound in the old town. Today it has become a center named after Fawzi Pasha, a former leader of the Ottoman Army who constructed a fort with buildings characterized by their distinct architecture of bows and stripes. Also, there are rock wells and caves exhibiting harmonious geometric architecture. In addition to the old town, a number of archaeological sites exist in the villages and hamlets surrounding Ad-Dhahiriya dating back to various historical periods. The most notable of these include Kafr Jul, al-Ras, Deir al-Loz, Um Sir, al-Rawha, al-Ja'bari, Asilah, Badghosh, Deir Sa'idah, Deir al-Hawa, Atir, Umm al-Dimnah, Tell Awad and Umm al-Nakhla.
Anab Church
The Byzantine Anab Church (dating to 600 BC) is one of the rare churches that was discovered during the last fifteen years in Palestine. The Church is a rectangular basilica, with its length from east to west being twice the width from north to south, with a space of 700 square meters. The mosaic floors of the Church need to be renovated, and the road to the Church has to be paved.
Tomb of Ahmad al-Ghumari
Dhahiriya is home to the tomb site of ash-Sheikh Ahmad al-Ghumari, a 14th-century Sufi saint renowned for his knowledge of Islamic traditions and authorship of several books. According to tradition, he arrived from his birthplace of Ghomar, Morocco, by flying on a stone that is still displayed near his tomb in the southern part of town. After making a pilgrimage to Mecca and then visiting Jerusalem, he settled in Dhahiriya. His descendants, now numbering in the thousands, reside in the area of Hebron.[29]
Sports
The people of Ad-Dhahiriya are united by their love for sports, especially football. The town's football team, Shabab Al-Dhahiriya SC, which is known as the Deers of the South, is one of the best teams on the national level. It was established in 1974 by a group of young amateurs and became a nationally recognized club that won several national championships, most notable of which were: West Bank Cup (1983), Palestinian Union Cup (2005), Abu Ammar Cup (2012, 2015),Palestine Cup (2012, 2014), as well as the recent Jawwal cup, in addition to several other formal and informal titles and championships.
Amusement park
The municipality had erected Abu Kharrouba park in the southwest part of the city, on an area exceeding 20 dunams, which was a landfill site in the past. In 2015, the municipality established a self-funded amusement park, the first of its kind in the region, which the municipality develops continuously.
References
- ^ a b Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census, 2017 (PDF). Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) (Report). State of Palestine. February 2018. pp. 64–82. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
- ^ Palmer, 1881, p. 429
- ^ a b Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. 402
- ^ Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, pp. 406-408
- ^ Pringle, 1997, p. 47
- Geography Research Forum, 5, 1982, p. 62.
- ^ Toledano, 1984, p. 302, has Darusiyya at location 31°39′25″N, 34°55′45″E
- ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. 116
- ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, p. 5
- ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 1, pp. 311-312
- ^ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 2, p. 194
- ^ Bonar, 1858, p. 32
- ^ Guérin, 1869, pp. 361, 367-368
- ^ Socin, 1879, p. 163
- ^ Hartmann, 1883, p. 142 noted 62 houses
- ^ a b Grossman, D. (1982). "The Expansion of the Settlement Frontier of Hebron's Western and Southern Fringes". Geography Research Forum. 5: 62–69.
- ^ Barron, 1923, Table V, p. 10
- ^ Mills, 1932, p. 28.
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 23
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 50 Archived 4 June 2011 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 93
- ^ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 143
- ^ Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. 13
- ^ a b Dhahiriya Town Profile, Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem. 2009.
- ^ Perlmann, Joel (November 2011 – February 2012). "The 1967 Census of the West Bank and Gaza Strip: A Digitized Version" (PDF). Levy Economics Institute. Retrieved 24 June 2016.
- ^ The priorities and needs for development in Adh Dhahiriya town based on the community and local authorities’ assessment
- ^ "Health Care Centers in the West Bank February 2005" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 13 March 2006. Retrieved 13 March 2006.
- ^ OCHA Weekly Briefing Notes[permanent dead link] Update for oPt (13–19 April 2005)
- ISBN 978-965-217-452-9.
Bibliography
- Barron, J.B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
- Bonar, H. (1858). The land of promise; notes of a Spring-journey from Beersheba to Sidon. New York: R. Carter & Brothers.
- Conder, C.R.; Kitchener, H.H. (1883). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. Vol. 3. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund. (+special papers p. 36)
- Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics (1964). First Census of Population and Housing. Volume I: Final Tables; General Characteristics of the Population (PDF).
- Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945.
- Guérin, V. (1869). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). Vol. 1: Judee, pt. 3. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
- Hadawi, S. (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center. Archived from the original on 8 December 2018. Retrieved 5 April 2014.
- Hartmann, M. (1883). "Die Ortschaftenliste des Liwa Jerusalem in dem türkischen Staatskalender für Syrien auf das Jahr 1288 der Flucht (1871)". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 6: 102–149.
- Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
- Palmer, E.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
- ISBN 0521-46010-7.
- ISBN 0-7141-2517-2. (contains several striking costumes from Ad-Dhahiriya reproduced from the Rajab Collection, Kuwait.)
- Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 1. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.
- Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 2. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.
- Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. Vol. 3. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.
- Socin, A. (1879). "Alphabetisches Verzeichniss von Ortschaften des Paschalik Jerusalem". Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. 2: 135–163.
- Toledano, E. (1984). "The Sanjaq of Jerusalem in the Sixteenth Century: Aspects of Topography and Population". Archivum Ottomanicum. 9: 279–319.
External links
- Welcome To The City of al-Dhahiriya
- Al Dahriya, Welcome to Palestine
- Survey of Western Palestine, Map 25: IAA, Wikimedia commons
- Adh Dhahiriya Town (Fact Sheet), Applied Research Institute–Jerusalem (ARIJ)
- Dhahiriya aerial photo, ARIJ