Jenin
Jenin | |
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Jenin refugee camp ) |
Jenin (
In 2017, Jenin had a population of approximately 50,000 people, whilst the
Etymology
Jenin has been identified as the place "Gina" or "Ginah" mentioned in the Amarna letters from the 14th century BCE, as a town in Canaan.[4] Jenin is commonly identified with the later biblical city of Ein-Ganim,[5][6][7][8] from Hebrew: עֵין גַּנִּים, meaning "the spring of gardens"[9] or "the spring of Ganim",[10] probably referring to the many springs located nearby. The present-day Arabic name is believed to preserve the city's ancient name.[5]
History
Ancient period
Jenin is identified with a number of important towns mentioned in ancient sources. Throughout history, it was referred to as "Ein Ganim", "Beth Hagan", "Ginah", and "Ginae", along other names.[4][8] Tell Jenin, believed to constitute the original settlement core of the city, is located at the center of what is today Jenin's business district.[5][11]
Bronze Age
Jenin has been identified as the place "Gina" or "Ginah" mentioned in the Amarna letters from the 14th century BCE. At the time, it was a vassal state of the New Kingdom of Egypt.[12][4] The people of Gina managed to kill the warlord Labaya during the reign of Pharaoh Akhenaten.[13]
Iron Age
Jenin is identical to Ein-Ganim, which the
Roman and Byzantine periods
Biblical commentator
Ceramics dating from the Byzantine era have been found here.[22] There is no mention of Jenin in the reports of the Muslim conquest of the Levant from the Byzantines, which, according to the historian Moshe Sharon, "is not surprising, since it was a small place of minor importance".[23]
Crusader, Ayyubid and Mamluk periods
Jenin came under
Shortly before the
In 1255, it was agreed between the Ayyubid sultan in Syria,
Ottoman era
The
The
The Turabays, who remained nomads in the plain between
In the mid-18th century, Jenin was designated the administrative capital of the combined districts of Lajjun and
In the late 19th century, some members of the
British Mandate period
According to a
Jenin was used by Fawzi al-Qawuqji's Arab Liberation Army as a base.
The village statistics of 1945 list the population as 3,990 (3,840 Muslims and 150 Christians).[49]
1948 War
In the
Jordanian control
In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Jenin came under Jordanian rule. It was annexed by Jordan in 1950.
The Jenin refugee camp was founded in 1953 by Jordan to house displaced Palestinians who fled or were expelled during the 1948 War. In 2014 the camp had a population of 16,000. For 19 years, the city was under Jordanian control. A war cemetery for Iraqi soldiers and local combatants is located on the outskirts of Jenin.
The Jordanian census of 1961 found 14,402 inhabitants in Jenin.[51]
Israeli occupation
Jenin has been under Israeli occupation since the Six-Day War, in 1967.
On 14 May 1989, during the early months of the
In 1996,
During the
During a gun-battle with
In the framework of the Valley of Peace initiative, a joint Arab-Israeli project is under way to promote tourism in the Jenin region.[63] In 2010, 600 new businesses opened in Jenin.[64] The Canaan Fair Trade is headquartered in Jenin.[65] Director of The Freedom Theatre in Jenin, Juliano Mer-Khamis, was killed by masked gunmen in the city in April 2011. Mer-Khamis co-founded the theatre with Zakaria Zubeidi, former military chief of the al-Aqsa Brigades who had renounced violence.[66]
On 6 February 2020, a Palestinian policeman, Tarek Badwan, was shot dead by an Israeli sniper as he stood at the entrance to the Jenin police station and chatted with a colleague. No explanation has been forthcoming. The incident was recorded on video.[67]
On 17 June 2022, Israeli forces conducted a raid in the al-Marah area of the city. During the raid, Israeli forces opened fire on a car, killing three Palestinians and seriously injuring another.[68]
On 26 January 2023, Israeli forces killed nine in a clash with Islamic Jihad militants during a raid in the city and refugee camp of Jenin.[69][70]
On 3 July 2023, shortly after 1 a.m., Israeli forces
On 19 September 2023, four Palestinians were killed during another Israeli military invasion of the city – among them a 15-year-old Palestinian boy, chased and killed for having noticed the Israeli undercover soldiers sneaking into the Jenin refugee camp.[74]
During the
Geography
Jenin is situated at the foot of the rugged northernmost hills (
Jenin is 42 kilometers north of
Government
Jenin municipality was established in 1886 under the Ottoman rule with no more than 80 voters and elections were made every 4 years until 1982 when the Israeli government took control over the municipality until 1995. [citation needed]
List of Jenin mayors:[82]
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Municipal elections were held in Jenin on 15 December 2005. Six seats each were won by Hamas and the local coalition of Fatah and the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine. Jenin was one of several Palestinian cities where Hamas showed a dramatic growth in electoral support. [83] Hadem Rida was then elected as Mayor of the city, until he was arrested by the Israel Forces and spent 3 years in jail. After his release, he resigned from the position and went back to practice in his clinic in Jenin city.
Demographics
According to the 2017 census by the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics, Jenin had a population of 49,908,[1] the Jenin Refugee Camp of 10,417[1] on 373 dunams (92 acres). Some 42.3% of the population of the camp was under the age of 15.
Year | Population Jenin City |
---|---|
1596 | 8 households[32] |
1821 | ~1,500–2,000[84] |
1838 | ~2,000[85] |
1870 | ~2,000[86] |
1882 | ~3,000[87] |
1922 | 2,637[44] |
1931 | 2,706 + 68[88] |
1945 | 3,990[89][90] |
1961 | 14,402[51] |
1997 | 26,681[91] |
2007 | 39,004[3] |
2017 | 49,908[1] |
Public institutions and landmarks
- The Freedom Theatre is a theatre and cinema in the Jenin refugee camp.
- The Horse of Jenin is a famous monument built in 2003 by German artist Thomas Kilpper and young people from Jenin of scrap metal from cars destroyed by Israeli forces.[92]
- The city has a monument honoring German pilots shot down in Jenin during the First World War, which incorporates an original wooden propeller.[93]
- An old British Mandate landing strip, Muqeible Airfield, is located in Jenin.
- The Khalil Suleiman Hospital is located in Jenin.
- The main and largest mosque of Jenin is the Fatima Khatun Mosque, built in 1566.[citation needed]
- Another mosque in Jenin is the Al-Ansar Mosque.[94]
Holy sites
The ancient cemetery in Jenin houses the tomb of Sheikh Izz al-Din, a
Education and culture
The
Cinema Jenin is the largest movie theater in the area. The cinema, which reopened in 2010 after a 23-year intermission, has indoor and outdoor screens, a film library and educational facilities.[96]
References
- ^ a b c d e Preliminary Results of the Population, Housing and Establishments Census, 2017 (PDF). Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS) (Report). State of Palestine. February 2018. pp. 64–82. Retrieved 2023-10-24.
- ^ "Jenin City". Welcome To Palestine. Retrieved 2022-06-18.
- ^ a b 2007 Locality Population Statistics Archived 2010-12-10 at the Wayback Machine. Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics
- ^ OCLC 54694679.
Jenin is well identified with a number of important sites: in the el-Amarna letters "The Land of Ginah" is mentioned (EA 250), which is probably the E7 of the 'Execration Texts' (Posener's group); in the Bible there is 'Ein Ganim' (see Kallai's opinion in EB VI: 207–208) and Beth Hagan (I Kgs 9: 27); in the Book of Judith, it appears as Ginei (Jdt 3: 11) and Ginae of the Roman period appears in Josephus (Ant. XX, vi, 1; War III, iii, 4); in the Moslem and the Crusader sources it appears under many names: Geninum, Le Grand Gerin, Major Gallina, Gerinum Magnum. These identifications refer to the tell and/or the settlement of Jenin
- ^ a b c d e Tasneem Ghalib Khader Atatrah (2010). "Assessment of Traditional Home Practices Carried by Palestinian Mothers During the Neonatal Period in Jenin District". Deanship of Graduated Studies, Al-Quds University.
Etymology: Jenin was known in ancient times as the Canaanite village of "Ein-Ganim" or Tel Jenin. Tel Jenin, its name in Arabic, is located at the center of what is today Jenin's business center. The city of Ein-Ganim is mentioned in the Hebrew bible as the city of the Levites of the Tribe of Issachar. After some years, the city's name was changed to "Giant". In the book of Judith, the settlement is mentioned as "Gini". The Jewish historian Josephus also mentioned Ganim as a city in northern Samaria. The Arabic name "Jenin" ultimately derives from this ancient name.
- ^ Shaban, Dawlat Ahmad Mustafa (2009). The Economic and Social life in Jenin city From (1281 Hijre-1864 AD/1337 Hijre-1918 AD) (Thesis thesis)."The name of Jenin city is repeated in several sources, including the Bible, and was called by Ein Ganim"
- ^ Ishtori Haparchi, Kaftor wa-Ferach, vol. 2, (3rd edition, published by ed. Avraham Yosef Havatzelet), chapter 11, Jerusalem 2007, p. 65 (note 168) (Hebrew)
- ^ ISSN 0031-0328.
- ^ Conder, C. R. (1881). Palmer, E. H. (ed.). "Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists". Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund: 147.
Heb. עֵין גַּנִּים, en Ganim, 'the spring of gardens'
- ^ Kmail, A., Jubran, J., Sabbah, W., & Jenin, P. (2017). "Coupling GIS-based MCA and AHP techniques for Hospital Site Selection" (PDF). International Journal of Computer Science and Information Security (IJCSIS). 15 (12).
The name of Jenin was derived from Ein Ganim meaning "the spring of Ganim" and referring to the region's plentiful spring.
{{cite journal}}
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ Kohl et al., 2007, p. 339.
- ^ Shmuel Aḥituv (1984). Canaanite Toponyms in Ancient Egyptian Documents. The Magnes Press. p. 103.
- ^ Dodson (2016), p. 81.
- ^ Joshua 19:21 Joshua 21:27–29
- ^ 2 Kings 9:27
- ^ Josephus Flavius. "Jewish War, Book 3, Chapter 3:4-5". Fordham.edu. Archived from the original on 2023-04-29. Retrieved 2012-12-31 – via Ancient History Sourcebook: Josephus (37 – after 93 CE): Galilee, Samaria, and Judea in the First Century CE.
Now as to the country of Samaria, it lies between Judea and Galilee; it begins at a village that is in the great plain called Ginea, and ends at the Acrabbene toparchy, and is entirely of the same nature with Judea
- OCLC 1022977764.)
{{cite book}}
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- ^ a b c d e f Sharon 2017, p. 174.
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- ^ Cited in le Strange, 1890, p. 41
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- ^ Sharon 2017, pp. 176–177.
- ^ a b Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 160
- ^ Abu-Husayn 1985, p. 188.
- ^ Sharon 2017, p. 173.
- ^ Sharon 2017, p. 177.
- ^ a b Sharon 2017, p. 178.
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- ^ Guérin, 1874, pp. 327–332
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An Israeli soldier then fired at Mr. Hook inside the compound when he saw "an object which resembles a pistol" in his hand, the statement read.
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