Adamsia palliata
| Adamsia palliata | |
|---|---|
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| Pagurus prideaux and Adamsia palliata, here inhabiting a gastropod shell | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Cnidaria |
| Class: | Hexacorallia |
| Order: | Actiniaria |
| Family: | Hormathiidae |
| Genus: | Adamsia |
| Species: | A. palliata
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| Binomial name | |
| Adamsia palliata (Müller, 1776)
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| Synonyms | |
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List
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Adamsia palliata is a species of sea anemone in the family Hormathiidae. It is usually found growing on a gastropod shell inhabited by the hermit crab, Pagurus prideaux.[1] The anemone often completely envelops the shell and because of this it is commonly known as the cloak anemone or the hermit-crab anemone.
Taxonomy
In a revision of British Anthozoa in 1981, Manuel applied the name Adamsia carciniopados to this species, attributing it to Otto, 1823. However Cornelius and Ates in 2003 decided that Adamsia palliata was the valid name, attributing it to O.F. Muller, 1776.[2]
Description
A. palliata normally lives on the shell of a
Distribution and habitat
A. palliata is found in shallow parts of the northeast Atlantic Ocean south to the Azores, in the North Sea and the Mediterranean Sea.[5] It occurs wherever its hermit crab host is found, in deep water on sandy flats and particularly favours muddy gravelly bottoms with shell fragments.[1] Off the coast of Norway it was said to be common at a depth of 15 to 20 fathoms (30 to 40 metres) in 1860.[1] In Norwegian fjords the anemone is observed typically from 10 meters deep.[6]
Biology
A. palliata breeds during the summer months. Several hundred globular golden eggs are ejected into the water column through the mouth and are fertilised externally. Each develops into a planula larva which settles and develops into a juvenile sea anemone. The larva is for some reason drawn to settle on the inner lip of a gastropod shell. At first the larva develops in the same way as a typical sea anemone, but as it grows, its base extends around the gastropod shell until the two lobes meet at the upper side of the lip. The species of shell the anemone chooses varies, and has included Buccinum undatum, Scaphander lignarius, and various Trochidae. It has even been found on a shell of the garden snail Cornu aspersum which had been accidentally washed out to sea. The shell always seem to be tenanted by the hermit crab Pagurus prideaux.[1] Occasionally this anemone is found on empty shells, but this may be explained by the fact that the crab will readily abandon its current shell if it finds a larger or better one to move into. Young specimens of the anemone are able to detach themselves from their shell and re-attach themselves elsewhere, such as another shell, a Laminaria frond or the side of an aquarium.[1]
Ecology
The
References
- ^ a b c d e f g Adamsia palliata Philip Henry Gosse. A history of the British sea-anemones and corals. 125-133. Retrieved 2011-09-03.
- ^ Cornelius, P. F. S., and R. M. L. Ates. 2003
- ^ John Barrett & C. M. Young (1958). Collins Pocket Guide to the Sea Shore. p. 60.
- ^ Adamsia carciniopados (Bohadsch, 1761) Encyclopedia of Life. Retrieved 2011-09-02.
- ^ Adamsia palliata (Fabricius, 1779) Archived 2006-09-16 at the Wayback Machine Hexacorallians of the World. Retrieved 2011-09-01.
- ^ Moen, F. E. og Svensen, E. (2014). Dyreliv i havet. 6te utgave. 768 sider. Kom forlag
- ^ a b Pagurus prideaux and Adamsia palliata are not obligate symbionts R. M. L. Ates 1995. Retrieved 2011-09-02.
- ^ Adamsia palliata (O.F. Muller, 1776) Actiniaria.com. Retrieved 2011-09-01.
External links
- Photos of Adamsia palliata on Sealife Collection