Al-Sanadid Forces
Al-Sanadid Forces | |
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قوات الصناديد | |
Syrian Civil War
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Website | web |
The Forces of the Brave (
Ideology
The al-Sanadid Forces primarily want to ensure the Shammar tribe's autonomy and security in the Al-Hasakah Governorate; furthermore, they have pledged to fight Wahhabism. Humaydi Daham al-Hadi has also expressed his ambition to facilitate the breakup of Saudi Arabia, likely to retake the former Emirate of Jabal Shammar from the House of Saud.[4][5]
The Shammar tribe generally maintains a long cooperative relationship with the Syrian Kurds since the 18th century,
The al-Sanadid Forces' stance in regard to the Ba'athist government of Bashar al-Assad is ambiguous. Whereas some sources regard Humaydi Daham al-Hadi as "anti-government" figure,[24] others accuse the al-Sanadid Forces of siding with the government,[17] while strictly opposing the Syrian opposition.[25][26] The militia itself has claimed that it neither supports nor opposes Assad's rule, with Humaydi Daham al-Hadi having said that "whoever rules Damascus rules Syria".[6][4][5]
History
The Shammar is a historically powerful and prestigious tribal group, though their number and influence in Syria has dwindled since the independence of Syria. After the outbreak of the Syrian Civil War and the almost complete retreat of the
As the influence of the al-Sanadid Forces and the Shammar grew, their cooperation with the PYD increased. Humaydi Daham al-Hadi was elected co-governor (along with Hediye Yusuf) of Jazira Canton in early 2015, while the al-Sanadid Forces joined the Syrian Democratic Forces and helped to expel ISIL from the rest of the al-Hasakah Governorate over the course of 2015/16.[25][19] The growing power of the Shammar was however resented by other Arab tribes in northeastern Syria such as the Tayy, which led them to oppose any attempts by the al-Sandid Forces to integrate non-Shammar tribal forces into their ranks. Some tribes have instead opted to support the Assad government[25] or even ISIL.[27]
Nevertheless, experts still consider the al-Sanadid Forces as important mediators between Arabs and Kurds, and major diplomatic asset for the PYD and SDF.
Despite their usual cordial relationship, there have also been tensions between the YPG and the al-Sanadid Forces over time, such as when violent local disputes erupted between factions of two groups in June 2017.[32]
Although the group has previously stated their anti-Saudi stance and have used rhetoric against the country, in early 2018 after US President Donald Trump expressed his desire to withdraw American military forces from Syria, Saudi officials held talks with the group in hopes of establishing an Arab force to replace American forces and counter Iranian influence.
See also
- Ahrar al-Jazeera – another Shammar militia.
- List of armed groups in the Syrian Civil War
References
- ^ a b Gutman, Roy (20 October 2015). "Syrian Arab militias dispute they received U.S. airdrop of ammunition". McClatchyDC. Archived from the original on 22 October 2015. Retrieved 2 November 2015.
- ^ "Declaration of establishment by Syrian Democratic Forces". Kurdish Question. 15 October 2015. Archived from the original on 2016-02-24. Retrieved 18 October 2015.
- ^ Xemgin Othman (2 May 2015). "Sanadid s' Fighters Disappointment a Suicidal Operation in the Countryside of Tel Hamis". Adar Press. Archived from the original on 2015-12-22. Retrieved 16 October 2015.
- ^ a b c d e f "Syria: Sunni force takes up arms against IS group". France24. 14 March 2016. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f "New allies in northern Syria don't seem to share U.S. goals". McClathyDC. 27 October 2015. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
- ^ a b c d e f g Hassan Hassan (2017), p. 3.
- ^ "Saudi Arabia wants to build its own Arab army in Syria with U.S. Help, report says". Newsweek. 30 May 2018.
- ^ "Saudi-UAE-Kurdish military meeting in northern Syria". 31 May 2018.
- ^ "Kurdish Militia Furious at US Indifference to Ankara's Threats in Eastern Euphrates". 4 November 2018.
- ^ "YPG kills 103 IS fighters and enters Tal Hamis after taking over 103 villages". SOHR. 27 February 2015. Archived from the original on 2 March 2015. Retrieved 3 March 2015.
- ^ "YPG, backed by al- Khabour Guards Forces, al- Sanadid army and the Syriac Military Council, expels IS out of more than 230 towns, villages and farmlands". SOHR. 28 May 2015. Retrieved 22 June 2016.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b "War on ISIS unites Syrian Kurds, Arabs and Christians". ARA News. 21 November 2015. Archived from the original on 10 July 2017. Retrieved 5 December 2015.
- ^ a b "U.S.-backed alliance captures key dam from Islamic State: alliance spokesman". Reuters. 26 December 2015.
- ^ a b "What has happened during the Operation Liberate North Raqqa?". ANF News. 26 May 2016.
- ^ "550 km2 liberated, Wrath of Euphrates reveals outcomes". Hawar News Agency. 2016-11-14. Archived from the original on 2017-05-12. Retrieved 2017-03-02.
- ^ a b "Great War for the liberation of Raqqa begins". Hawar News Agency. 6 June 2017. Archived from the original on 2017-06-09. Retrieved 2017-06-28.
- ^ a b Hamou, Ammar (2 November 2015). "Ahead of battle against Islamic State in Syria's northeast, one faction hesitates to join SDF". Syria Direct. Archived from the original on 5 November 2015. Retrieved 3 November 2015.
- ^ "Al-Sanadid forces: We go wherever the YPG goes". Hawar News Agency. 15 July 2015. Archived from the original on 2017-08-03. Retrieved 16 October 2015.
- ^ Syrian Observatory For Human Rights. 28 May 2015. Archived from the originalon 29 May 2015. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
- IHS Inc. 20 January 2016. pp. 3–4. Archived from the original(PDF) on 23 April 2016. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
- ^ Gupta, Rahila (9 April 2016). "Rojava's commitment to Jineolojî: the science of women". openDemocracy. Archived from the original on 22 September 2018. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
- ^ "Sanadid fighters promote their participation in Wrath of Euphrates". Hawar News Agency. 9 January 2017. Archived from the original on 1 March 2017. Retrieved 28 February 2017.
- ^ Hubbard, Ben (2 November 2015). "New U.S.-backed alliance to counter ISIS in Syria falters". The New York Times. Retrieved 3 November 2015.
- ^ a b c d "Syrian Kurds appoint Arab governor in Hasakah, bid for international support". Middle East Eye. 12 February 2015. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
- ^ Carnegie Middle East Center. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
- ^ a b "With 'Persian' Sword: 'Al-Sanadid' is the First Tribal Militia to Slaughter Syrians". Orient News (in Arabic). 3 March 2015. Retrieved 28 June 2017.
- ^ "Arab tribal fighters declare war on Kurdish YPG forces, north Syria". ARA News. 20 February 2015. Archived from the original on 28 August 2017. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
- ^ "550 km2 liberated, Wrath of Euphrates reveals outcomes | ANHA". 2017-10-11. Archived from the original on 2017-10-11. Retrieved 2018-08-27.
- ^ Fabrice Balanche (17 August 2017). "The Race for Deir al-Zour Province". The Washington Institute for Near East Policy. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
- ^ "The leader of Jaysh Assud Al-Sharqiyah 'Talass Al-Salama' to DeirEzzor 24: The SDF and Assad's forces are two sides of the same coin". DeirEzzor 24. 27 August 2017. Archived from the original on 3 August 2017. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
- ^ "The factions of Deir al-Zour are about to integrate". Al-Dorar al-Shamia. 21 August 2017. Archived from the original on 25 August 2017. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
- ^ "Fighting breaks out amongst SDF militias". Al-Dorar Al-Shamia. 29 June 2017. Archived from the original on 6 July 2017. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
Bibliography
- Hassan Hassan (2017). "The Battle for Raqqa and the Challenges after Liberation" (PDF). CTC Sentinel. 10 (6). West Point, New York: Combating Terrorism Center: 1–10. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-10-09. Retrieved 2017-06-28.