Albus Dumbledore
Albus Dumbledore | |
---|---|
Harry Potter character | |
First appearance | Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (1997) |
Last appearance | Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows (2007) |
Created by | J. K. Rowling |
Portrayed by |
|
Gryffindor | |
In-universe information | |
Full name | Albus Percival Wulfric Brian Dumbledore |
Occupation |
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Family |
|
Significant other | Gellert Grindelwald |
Nationality | British |
Born | 1881 |
Died | 30 June 1997 |
Prof. Albus Percival Wulfric Brian Dumbledore
Dumbledore was portrayed by Richard Harris in the film adaptations of Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone (2001) and Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets (2002). Following Harris' death in October 2002, Michael Gambon portrayed Dumbledore in the six remaining Harry Potter films from 2004 to 2011. Jude Law portrayed Dumbledore as a middle-aged man in the prequel films Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald (2018) and Fantastic Beasts: The Secrets of Dumbledore (2022).[2]
Rowling stated she chose the name Dumbledore, which is a dialectal word for "bumblebee",[3] because of Dumbledore's love of music: she imagined him walking around "humming to himself a lot".[4]
Character development
Rowling said she enjoyed writing Dumbledore because he "is the epitome of goodness."
On 19 October 2007, Rowling was asked by a young fan whether Dumbledore finds "true love". Rowling said that she always thought of Dumbledore as being
Appearances
Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone
In the opening chapter of the first novel of the series, Dumbledore arrives at number four, Privet Drive in
When Harry arrives at Hogwarts ten years later, Dumbledore tells him about the secrets of the
Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets
In the second novel, a younger Dumbledore appears in a series of flashbacks, seen by Harry in a diary once owned by Tom Riddle, the most gifted student in Hogwarts' history - and the future Lord Voldemort. Through the diary, Harry sees Riddle's memory of Dumbledore questioning him about a series of attacks on Muggle-born students. In the present,
Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban
At the beginning of the third novel, Dumbledore is forced to accept
Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire
In the fourth novel, Dumbledore introduces the
Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix
In the fifth book, Dumbledore is demoted from Chief Warlock of the
During the following year at Hogwarts, the Ministry passes Educational Decree Twenty-two, allowing Fudge to place
Dumbledore is not heard of again in the book until he arrives in the
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince
In the sixth book, Dumbledore fetches Harry from Privet Drive and takes him to persuade
It is learned that Voldemort created six
By the end of the book, Dumbledore and Harry set out to the cave where Dumbledore believes a Horcrux resides. In the cave, Dumbledore drinks a potion inside the Horcrux's container; while drinking it, he begins to scream, seemingly enduring mental torture and being weakened. Dumbledore begins to call out for water after he finishes the potion, and Harry, realising he has no other choice, dips the goblet into the lake to give him a drink. When he does this though, all the
Shortly after his death, Dumbledore's portrait magically appears in the headmaster's office. His funeral is attended by students, Hogwarts staff, members of the Ministry of Magic,
Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows
Rowling used several chapters in
Soon afterward, a young
Decades later, in 1945,
Dumbledore had another Hallow in his keeping since the death of James Potter: the
The truth about Dumbledore's death is revealed through Snape's last memories in the
Dumbledore's spirit appears to Harry towards the end of the book in a limbo-like
Portrayals within films
In the film adaptations of
Christopher Lee was the producer's immediate choice for replacing Harris, but scheduling conflicts due to Lee's commitments as Saruman in The Lord of the Rings trilogy and Count Dooku in the Star Wars prequels forced him to decline.[23] Ian McKellen was also offered the role, but he turned it down, having played the similar character Gandalf in The Lord of the Rings trilogy, as well as feeling it would have been inappropriate to take Harris' role, as Harris had called McKellen a "dreadful" actor.[24] Harris' family had expressed an interest in seeing Peter O'Toole being chosen as his replacement.[25] Harry Robinson, who doubled for Harris in the first two films, and who also lent his voice in the first Harry Potter video game, was also considered for the role of Dumbledore.[26]
Michael Gambon was cast as Harris' replacement four months after Harris' death.[27] Gambon was not concerned about bettering Harris, and he portrayed the character in his own way, putting on a slight Irish accent for the role,[28] as well as completing his scenes in three weeks.[29] Gambon reprised his role in all the remaining films.
Toby Regbo was chosen to portray Dumbledore in his youth in Deathly Hallows – Part 1 and Part 2, for flashbacks scenes which provide essential information on the character's backstory.[30]
Jude Law played the role of a younger Dumbledore in the prequel films, Fantastic Beasts: The Crimes of Grindelwald (2018) and Fantastic Beasts: The Secrets of Dumbledore (2022).[31][32]
Characterisation
This section needs additional citations for verification. (March 2018) |
Appearance
Albus Dumbledore is tall and thin, with silver hair and beard (auburn in his youth) so long that they can be tucked into his belt. He has a very long and crooked nose that looks as if it has been broken at least twice. (It is speculated that his brother's punch during their sister's funeral may have played a role in shaping his nose.) He is also said to have long and skillful fingers. His eyes are described as being a brilliant, soul-piercing shade of blue, and usually twinkled with kindness and mischief.
Dumbledore wears half-moon spectacles and a colourful array of robes, ranging from purple to bright orange. He once claimed to have a scar above his left knee in the precise shape of a map of the London Underground, but whether or not he actually does is unknown. His demeanour is often – if not always – serene and ethereal, and he usually speaks in a calm, pleasant voice even when Harry thought that he is actually furious.
During the last year of his life, Dumbledore's right hand is scarred when he dons Marvolo Gaunt's Ring, which was cursed. Had Snape not intervened with a counter-curse, Dumbledore would have died much more quickly. Regardless, the curse left his hand blackened and dead-looking, and no amount of healing could repair the appearance. According to Snape, the curse would eventually spread itself from the contained hand, and Dumbledore was doomed to die in no more than one year's time. Whether this means the blackening dead-look appearance would spread throughout the entire body is unknown.
Personality
Considered the most powerful wizard in the world, Dumbledore is benevolent and wise, a good wizard in the style of Merlin.[citation needed] He exudes an aura of serenity and composure, rarely displaying intense emotions of anger or fear. Yet despite his benign nature, it is said that Dumbledore is the only wizard Lord Voldemort ever truly feared. Dumbledore is very eccentric and even slightly effeminate; he is very fond of knitting patterns and frequently wears flamboyant clothing (at one point, he is seen wearing a flowered bonnet). He is also known for his odd displays of whimsicality; he often uses humour to make people feel comfortable in his presence. As a supremely talented wizard, Dumbledore displays numerous examples of extraordinary powers. His abilities as a wizard are combined with a kind of cunning and subtlety of mind that allowed him to comprehend human nature and turn the better aspects of humanity (trust, love, and friendship) to Voldemort's disadvantage in particular.
More than anything else, Dumbledore has a deep capacity for love, frequently reminding Harry that love was the greatest magic of all. Dumbledore believes in the good in everyone and insists on giving second chances. The greatest example of this is Dumbledore's relationship with Snape, in whom Dumbledore is willing to place a considerable amount of faith because he showed remorse. Dumbledore is highly perceptive and emotionally intelligent; his knowledge of a person's true personality goes beyond simply being a good judge of character. This is never more apparent than in his complex insights into Voldemort's psyche, which he pieces together with Harry to deduce where Voldemort's horcruxes are hidden.
Dumbledore's appearance hides a more steely aspect, as seen when apprehending Barty Crouch Jr who was masquerading as Mad-Eye Moody:
- "At that moment, Harry understood for the first time why people said Dumbledore was the only wizard Voldemort had ever feared. The look upon Dumbledore's face was more terrible than Harry could have ever imagined. There was no benign smile upon Dumbledore's face, no twinkle in the eyes. There was cold fury in every line of the ancient face; a sense of power radiated from Dumbledore as though he were giving off burning heat."[33]
However, in spite of Dumbledore's many extraordinary qualities, he is a flawed character. According to Rowling, "Although Dumbledore seems to be so benign for six books, he's quite a
Dumbledore is haunted by his sad family history. In particular, he is riddled with guilt over the circumstances surrounding the death of his sister. He feels enormous remorse for his selfishness in getting involved in the circumstances that led to her death, and is tortured for the rest of his life by the possibility that he might have been the one who cast the spell that killed her. When he looks into the Mirror of Erised, he sees himself redeemed in the eyes of his brother and his entire family alive and together.
Magical abilities and skills
Since a young age, Dumbledore has always shown great magical abilities. During his education at Hogwarts, Dumbledore was known as the most brilliant student to have ever stepped into the school, winning "every prize of note that the school offered", and in his N.E.W.T.s, "... did things with a wand [the examiner had] never seen before". Rowling has said that Dumbledore is primarily self-taught, although he "had access to superb teachers at Hogwarts," and, as far as his education is concerned, "Dumbledore's family would be a profitable line of inquiry."[36] While he is not vain, Dumbledore also exhibits no false modesty, readily acknowledging that he is unusually intelligent and an exceptionally powerful wizard. He admits a number of times to Harry in their occasional meetings in Half-Blood Prince that he makes mistakes, and since he is smarter than most men, his mistakes "tend to be correspondingly huger."
Dumbledore is an expert at nonverbal spells and is famous as an
a recurring symbol in the books.His knowledge of the most powerful kind of magic, love, is extensive. He taught Harry about its very essence, and the innate power of his ability to love his parents, which eventually helped Harry realise his destiny to kill Lord Voldemort.
He is known to be able to conjure
Possessions
Dumbledore's office houses "a number of curious [...] instruments." Among them is a
Backstory
Through various interviews and discussions about the character, Rowling has established that Albus Dumbledore was born in July or August
When Dumbledore and his friend Elphias Doge leave Hogwarts at the age of 18, they plan to take their "then-traditional" tour of the world. On the eve of their trip, however, Ariana accidentally kills Kendra during one of her uncontrolled outbursts of magic. Because Dumbledore's parents are absent (his father in Azkaban and his mother dead), he becomes the head of the family and it becomes his duty to put food on the table, as the family's misfortunes have left them poor. He is forced to remain in his house with Ariana while Aberforth completes his education. Aberforth knows of his brother's resentment and offers to care for Ariana himself, claiming that she prefers him to Albus, but Albus refuses, stating that it is his duty as the eldest child to care for the family.
When Gellert Grindelwald arrives at Godric's Hollow, he and Dumbledore become immediate friends, and the two dream of a new world order in which wizards rule over Muggles "for the greater good". Dumbledore and Grindelwald suggest that they have to leave the Dumbledore home to carry on their plans, but Aberforth protested against this, as Ariana's condition would not allow her to be moved. The ensuing argument between Albus, Aberforth, and Grindelwald turns into a duel, and as Ariana becomes more and more agitated, she is caught in the crossfire and killed - though neither Albus nor Aberforth are sure whether one of them or Grindlewald caused her death. Stricken with grief and remorse, Dumbledore breaks ties with Grindelwald for good. According to the author, as a result of this, Dumbledore's
Reception
The character of Albus Dumbledore has been compared to other archetypal "wise old man" characters. Dumbledore acts much like Merlin from The Sword in the Stone, in the manner of an "absent-minded professor";[43] both Merlin and Dumbledore educate a story's main character in a castle. As writer Evelyn Perry notes, "Dumbledore resembles Merlin both personally and physically; he is an avid lover of books and wisdom who wears flowing robes and a long, white beard."[44] Dumbledore has also been compared with Gandalf from J. R. R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings.[45] Dave Kopel draws comparisons between Rowling's writing and John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress and states that, among the Christian symbols that Rowling has used in her books, Dumbledore acts like "the bearded God the Father" figure in which Harry puts his faith to be saved from Voldemort and his servants.[46] IGN also listed Dumbledore as their fifth favourite Harry Potter character, saying that "[f]or a character that was introduced into popular culture a mere twelve years ago, it speaks volumes that Professor Dumbledore has already taken his place among the great mentor figures in literature and film".[47] IGN's Joe Utichi called Dumbledore his third favourite Harry Potter character, calling the revelation that he wasn't so "infallible" one of the most heartbreaking themes of the final book.[48] Actor Michael Gambon received some criticism for his louder, more aggressive, portrayal of the character, who is depicted as exhibiting a more subdued, unflappable calm in the books. This has been attributed to Gambon's policy of not reading the source material from which his films are adapted.[49]
As a main character of the series, major facts relating to Dumbledore have generated a vast number of essays and discussions. The death of Dumbledore at the end of Half-Blood Prince was discussed by fans and critics alike. A website named DumbledoreIsNotDead.com sought to understand the events of the sixth book in a different way and provided arguments to claim that the character did not really die.[50] However, Rowling confirmed on 2 August 2006 that Dumbledore was, in fact, dead, humorously apologising to the website as she did so.[51] Along with DumbledoreIsNotDead.com, a collection of essays, Who Killed Albus Dumbledore?: What Really Happened in Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince? Six Expert Harry Potter Detectives Examine the Evidence, was published by Zossima Press in November 2006.[52] In NextMovie.com's Harry Potter Mega Poll, Dumbledore's death was voted as the most unforgettable moment in the whole series.[53]
In the Chamber of Secrets DVD interview, screenwriter Steve Kloves stated that he considers Dumbledore a fascinating character because of the wisdom he provides, but he feels that "Dumbledore bears such a tremendous dark burden, and he knows secrets and I think in many ways he bears the weight of the future of the wizard world" and the "only way that he can keep that at bay, the darkness, is to be whimsical and humorous".[6]
Sexuality
In October 2007, while answering reader questions during a book reading at Carnegie Hall, Rowling was asked if Dumbledore had even been in love and answered "I always thought Dumbledore is gay," discussing for the first time his romantic relationship with Gellert Grindelwald and describing it as a "great tragedy."[54] She further elaborated that she had informed Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince director David Yates of this fact via a note in an early draft of the screenplay, in which she crossed out a section where Dumbledore described a youthful attraction to a woman and wrote "Dumbledore is gay." Yates would later state he had been informed even earlier, during the production of the fifth film, saying that during a read through for the next film "Jo leaned over to me and said: 'You know Dumbledore's gay don't you, David?' And I thought 'Wow that's pretty cool'."[55]
The revelation of Dumbledore's sexuality, done after the publication of the final book, made international news, as did reactions by other Harry Potter fans.
Some critics discussed the implications of this statement, noting that this was the first time any public revelations about his sexuality were made and that the books had already been completed by this point in time. In more negative assessments from outside the gay community, The New York Times columnist Edward Rothstein said that "Ms. Rowling may think of Dumbledore as gay"; however, "there is no reason why anyone else should".[60] The East Tennessee State University's student newspaper accused Rowling of lying, saying her answer was a publicity stunt.[61]
Slate quoted an attendee of the book talk who said, "It was clear that JKR didn't plan to out Dumbledore. She just cares about being true to her readers."[62] Mike Thomas of the Orlando Sentinel said that upon reflection, Dumbledore was gay from the beginning, and that this neatly explained the behaviour of his character and his relationship with Grindelwald. Thomas noted the skill Rowling displayed in writing a gay character "without having to put a gay label on him."[63]
Reactions from prominent gay activists and media personalities were mixed.
Accusations of queerbaiting
Later evaluations of Dumbledore's sexuality began to point out that despite media released after J.K. Rowling's revelation about Dumbledore's sexuality, the character was never shown in subsequent films, books, or plays to have had relationships with men or for his relationship with Grindelwald to be referenced as romantic up until the 2022 release of the third film in the Fantastic Beasts prequel film series. In a 2014 article talking about Rowling's penchant for essentially revising elements of her long-completed books through tweets and interviews, Michelle Smith noted increasing dissatisfaction with Rowling only declaring characters as diverse in race, religion, or sexuality after the fact. Noting the Death of the Author principle, she added "If it was not possible for readers to detect that a character was gay or Jewish then how could they possibly be considered as positive signs of increasing representation and inclusion of minority groups in popular culture?"[66]
Starting around the release of
In the leadup to the release of the second Fantastic Beasts film in 2018 which would feature the return of Dumbledore and Grindelwald during the time period in the aftermath of their relationship, comments by Yates in an interview with Entertainment Weekly caused further controversy. When asked if the films would depict Dumbledore as gay or show or discuss his romantic relationship with Grindelwald, Yates would say "Not explicitly," later claiming that "I think all fans are aware of that."[69] Reviews of the finished film echoed the controversy again, with Delia Harrington of Den of Geek discussed how the finished product appeared to go out of its way to code Dumbledore as heterosexual and used the introduction of the blood pact oath to reduce his reluctance to kill Grindelwald from "[...] an emotional hurdle to clear into the issue of a mere physical MacGuffin to be acquired[...]" Harrington continued "It's deeply frustrating that J.K. Rowling went out of her way to reveal Dumbledore's sexuality only after she was done writing the books and to then re-closet him when she writes the script for movies about this exact time in his life."[70] Writing for The Washington Post after the film's Blu-ray release in which both Rowling and Yates again went out of their way to only hint at Dumbledore's sexuality while being very vague in describing it, Richard Morgan cited Nancy podcast producer Matt Collette, who had discussed the topic in a 2017 episode. "Of all J.K. Rowling's many accolades, there's one I find particularly noteworthy: Queerbaiter. [...] That's a writer who puts in just enough of a queer story line to appease the fans who'd like one, but not so much as to offend anyone who doesn't like gay people."[71][72]
The third film in the series, 2022's Fantastic Beasts: The Secrets of Dumbledore, would finally explicitly have Dumbledore refer to being "in love" with Grindelwald and tell other characters about their romantic relationship in plain terms, though some sources noted the lines amount to only six seconds of dialogue. "After news reports emerged that Warner Bros. had cut these lines from the film in China, the film, the director, and Rowling were again accused of queerbaiting by only confirming Dumbledore's sexuality in such a slight way that it would be easy to censor it back out.[73][74] Warner Bros. would defend the cuts in a press release claiming that they were merely abiding the request of the local film authority and "the spirit of the film remains intact." Writing for MovieWeb, Hannah Scott covered several notable ways that Dumbledore's depiction in the film had been received mostly negatively by the LGBT community, citing complaints about the studio's overseas censorship of the film as well as the noting "[...]it feels like their relationship is only referenced at all because it has to be, and it's mostly portrayed as a catalyst for negativity and regret."[75]
Commemoration
In 2011, Dumbledore was one of eight British magical figures, which included the wizards
In popular culture
Dumbledore has been parodied in several sketches and animated series:
- In The Simpsons 2006 episode "The Haw-Hawed Couple", Lisa asks Homer to read her Angelica Button book to her for bedtime. Homer, learning that the character Headmaster Greystash will die (as Dumbledore did in Half-Blood Prince), hides the fact from Lisa by inventing a happier ending, though Lisa does read the real ending and decides that Homer's was better.[77]
- Dumbledore also stars in Neil Cicierega's Potter Puppet Pals, in which he frequently strips completely naked, except for his hat, randomly in the story. Dumbledore also tends to use the exclamation "Alas!" in an apparently incorrect place, parodying Rowling's love for unusual words. In the episode "Ron's Disease", Dumbledore reveals himself to be "a gay android".[78]
- Albus Dumbledore appears in some episodes of Robot Chicken, voiced by Seth Green. In "Password: Swordfish", when the threat of the puberty creature Pubertis is known, Dumbledore gives Harry a stone that might help him fight Pubertis. During this appearance, Dumbledore is an African-American who states that he is played by a different actor in each of the movies. Upon confrontation with Pubertis, Harry rubs the stone two times, which summons ghosts to punch it. When it comes to the third time, Dumbledore appears and tells Harry that the stone can only be warmed up three times a day (four if he takes a week off) and that Pubertis cannot be destroyed since it lives in everyone just like his own demon Wandus Limpus prevents him from having meaningful relationships. In "I Love Her", Dumbledore tells the students that Professor Snape suffered a "minor potion accident" and has enlisted Criss Angel as their substitute teacher.
- In 2003,
- Dumbledore also appears in one of the Harry Bladder sketches in All That, portrayed by Kenan Thompson's old character Principal Williame Banes Pimpell (who appeared as Headmaster Pimpell).
- After the revelation of Dumbledore's sexuality, the American skit comedy Saturday Night Live featured a sketch featuring Rowling (played by Amy Poehler) showing "deleted scenes" from Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban where Dumbledore (played by Bill Hader) acts stereotypically gay.[81]
- In A Very Potter Musical (2009), Dumbledore is played by actor Dylan Saunders.
References
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External links
- Albus Dumbledore on Harry Potter Wiki, an external wiki
- Dumbledore's page at the Harry Potter Lexicon