Alexandru B. Știrbei
Alexandru Barbu Știrbei | |
---|---|
Romanian Minister of Public Works | |
In office March 1888 – November 1888 | |
Romanian Minister of the Interior | |
In office November 1888 – March 1889 | |
Romanian Minister of Finance | |
In office November 1891 – December 1891 | |
Personal details | |
Born | 1837 Eliza Brătianu, Barbu Știrbey ,and six others |
Profession | Businessman, journalist, soldier |
Alexandru Barbu Știrbei, also rendered Alex. Știrbeĭ, Știrbey, or Știrbeiŭ (
Știrbei's father renounced all claims to
He was survived by son
Biography
Origins and early life
Born in Bucharest,[1] Alexandru was the son of Barbu, the future reigning Prince. As such, he was also the nephew of Prince Barbu's rival brother, Gheorghe Bibescu, cousin of the adventurer Georges Bibesco, and uncle of the aviation pioneer George Valentin Bibescu.[2][3][4] As such, he was also the granduncle of writer Anna de Noailles.[3] His other cousin was the poet Alexandru Bibescu, making Știrbei the uncle of diplomat Antoine Bibesco.[5]
At first, the
In all, Barbu Dimitrie Știrbei had seven children by his
Both Alexandru and his other brother, Dimitrie, were originally chased out of Wallachia by the Crimean War: in November 1853, the country's invasion by Russia forced them to settle in Paris.[19] Alexandru studied at the Military School of Saint-Cyr,[20] but he is also known to have held a degree in the sciences.[1][4] He secured an officer's rank in the French Army under the Second Empire, before being recalled to Wallachia by his father during the Italian War of 1859, in what was probably at attempt to maintain good relations between Wallachia and the Austrian Empire.[4] This policy was disregarded by the prince's nephew Georges Bibesco, who went on to serve with distinction in the Franco–Mexican War.[2]
Entering politics
Prince Barbu and his sons were offered a final chance to take the throne over both Principalities, in early 1866.[21] By contrast with Sașa Cuza, all Știrbei and Bibescu princes renounced their vague claims to the throne following the ascendancy of a foreign-born Domnitor, Carol of Hohenzollern.[20] The former Wallachian ruler visited Carol Carol, pledging his and his sons' support.[22] George Știrbei was an enthusiastic follower of the new regime, serving Carol as Foreign Minister. Within a few years, he quit politics, either because of disease[23] or because of feeling snubbed by Carol.[24] Dimitrie Știrbei, also active under the Carol regime, was a diplomatic envoy[23] before trying out a political career in the 1880s.[25]
For his part, Alexandru was inactive during the Cuza and early Carol years, before entering political life with the "White" (conservative) party. In 1867, he began his philanthropic work by joining a famine relief committee, to which his father contributed 10,000
A. B. Știrbei joined the
Știrbei also joined a committee of inquiry looking into the activities of Petre Mavrogheni as Minister of Finance[41] and a group investigating allegations of embezzlement by Nicolae C. Brăiloiu, the Mayor of Bucharest.[42] In the elections of July 1874, he was made a steward of Bucharest Commune, seconding Manu and Dimitrie Ghica.[43] Ahead of the legislative election of 1875, Știrbei rallied with Ghica's "Liberal Conservative" faction, which sought to reconcile the "Whites" and the liberal movement.[44] Thereafter, Știrbei focused on his Assembly career. In April 1876, with Petre P. Carp, he gave conditional support to the new Prime Minister Florescu, who, although a conservative and Știrbei's cousin, had been imposed by Domnitor Carol.[45]
In the election of June 1876, Știrbei was one only two conservatives winning seats in the 1st College, again at Dolj—all other seats were taken by a consolidated National Liberal Party.[46] The outgoing "Liberal Conservative" Prime Minister, Lascăr Catargiu, had reportedly undercut Știrbei's ability to win elections without resorting to fraud. The claim was voiced by the National Liberal Anastase Stolojan, who argued that Catargiu had graduated 300 tenant farmers, which he viewed as more malleable, into Dolj's 1st College.[47] This legislature saw Romania entering the Russo-Turkish War, and declaring her independence. In this context, Știrbei, Pantazi Ghica, Petru Grădișteanu, Pache Protopopescu, Dimitrie Sturdza and other deputies advanced moderate backing for the Foreign Minister, Mihail Kogălniceanu, who was drafting a declaration of war on the Ottoman Empire.[48] As the war ended, Știrbei tried to oppose Romania's cession of Southern Bessarabia to Russia, seeing it as an act of betrayal.[49]
He returned to take an
With Junimea
In the decade that followed, A. B. Știrbei sought to pacify the Conservatives' rebellious Junimea wing, led by Maiorescu and Petre P. Carp; he himself was seen as consistently in the establishment faction, or as an independent Conservative.[54] On November 6, 1881, with Junimist backing, he became leader of the party, but was toppled on November 22 by the returning Catargiu.[55] He remained a noted guest at Junimea's literary gatherings. During one such event in April 1882, he was one of the few to hear Eminescu reading a draft version of Luceafărul; in October, Maiorescu read the finished work in a special session held at Știrbei's manor in Buftea.[56] He was also in the audience as Alexandru Macedonski recited his "November Night" (March 1882) and Vasile Alecsandri read from his new play, Fântâna Blanduziei (March 1884).[57]
Together with the Junimists, Știrbei made a triumphant return to the Assembly in the
Știrbei was eventually removed by the new Conservative Prime Minister, Catargiu, who also purged Junimists from the leading posts.
During this interval, Știrbei involved himself in the proposals for a new railway terminal at Cotroceni. He presided over an architectural jury which favored the project by Alexandre Marcel, despite accusations of plagiarism.[71] In July 1894, alongside Manu, Sturdza, Triandafil, and Constantin C. Arion, he founded the Agricultural Bank.[72] His business activities were focused on Buftea, where he inaugurated a canning plant, twenty orchards, one hundred gardens, and fifty vineyards.[4][31] By 1898, his property there totaled 2350 hectares (5806 acres), more than half of Buftea's territory.[73] He also spent summers in Dărmănești, where he was neighbors and friends with a fellow Conservative, Radu Rosetti.[74] There, Știrbei and his younger son George set up a business in forestry and wood processing.[4][32] He owned other estates in Teleorman County, including Elisabeta, which he leased out to A. Anagnistiade.[75]
He doubled this work with contribution as a philanthropist, and had a special connection with his Oltenian constituency seat,
Death and legacy
From 1885, when Maria died in childbirth, Știrbei was raising alone his younger children, including infant Ioana.
Through his will, Știrbei had made his Junimist friend Ghermani a caretaker of his younger children, with Triandafil as their recommended adviser.[82] Most of his estate was eventually inherited by Barbu Alexandru, who spelled his name as "Știrbey" and was known locally as the "White Prince". He greatly increased the family's wealth with his intensive animal farming, his investment in cash crops, and his takeover of banking concerns,[4][35][88] also leasing out the family's Teleorman estates.[89] He enjoyed political influence over the new establishment, campaigning with the Conservatives alongside his brother George (who served for a while in the Assembly for Dolj),[90] but later switching sides. Eliza also divorced Marghiloman and, in 1907, married the National Liberal leader Ion I. C. Brătianu.[4][34][91] Their sisters also married into the elite: Zoe to George Cretzianu, Maria (Marieta) to Gheorghe Balș, Adina to General Gheorghe Moruzzi.[92] Zoe died young, in 1896, leaving twins Alexandru and George G. Cretzianu.[93] Ioana, herself a noted philanthropist, was married to officer Radu R. Rosetti in March 1907; she died seven years later, leaving him sole owner of Brusturoasa and Mândrești.[33][94]
Buftea became a favorite hangout of the Romanian elite from 1909,
-
Calea Victoriei palace
-
Știrbei Chapel in Buftea
-
Dărmănești manor
-
1910 advertisement by Ion Theodorescu-Sion, showing actor Ion Brezeanu bathing in "Știrbey wine"
In January 1927, a moribund Ferdinand appointed the Prince as his Prime Minister, but Știrbey was toppled after only two weeks by Brătianu, who also died that year.
From his marriage to cousin Nadèje Bibescu, the "White Prince" had four daughters, all of whom left Romania before the
Following the
Notes
- ^ a b c d Grigore & Șerbu, p. 115
- ^ a b (in Romanian) Roxana Roseti, Vlad Teodorescu, "Prințul rătăcitor", in Jurnalul Național, March 20, 2010
- ^ a b (in Romanian) Constantin Ciopraga, "Anna principesă Brâncoveanu contesă de Noailles", in Convorbiri Literare, August 2008
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y (in Romanian) Alexandra Șerban, "Serial. Boieri mari, Episodul 7: Cum a renăscut neamul Știrbey din propria cenușă. Barbu Știrbey, cel mai abil om din umbra regelui Ferdinand", in Adevărul, February 25, 2017
- ^ (in Romanian) Simona Lazăr, "Prințul Alexandru Bibescu, un sonetist francez", in Jurnalul Național, March 18, 2011
- ^ Iorga, pp. 9–10
- ^ Iorga, pp. 9–11
- ^ Iorga, pp. 11–13
- ^ a b c d e f (in Romanian) Tudor Cireș, Simona Lazăr, "Prințese valahe și baroni austrieci", in Jurnalul Național, August 31, 2008
- ^ Lăcusteanu & Crutzescu, p. 141
- ^ Lăcusteanu & Crutzescu, pp. 137–138, 258
- ^ Lăcusteanu & Crutzescu, pp. 74, 240; Iorga, pp. 95–96, 133–134, 149–150, 153, 164, 175, 179–183, 191; Mucenic, p. 74
- ^ Gherghe, pp. 128–130, 161, 173–174; Iorga, pp. 191–192
- ^ Badea-Păun, pp. 109–110; Iorga, p. 191. See also Gane I, p. 90
- ^ Iorga, p. 158; Mucenic, p. 74
- ISBN 80-86388-00-X
- ^ Crutzescu & Teodorescu, pp. 210, 370, 536, 549; Iorga, pp. 36, 49–50, 53, 82, 158, 166–167; Lăcusteanu & Crutzescu, pp. 74, 215, 241, 282; (in Romanian) Oana Marinache, "Vila prințesei Alina Știrbey, azi Muzeul orașului Sinaia", in Adevărul (Bucharest edition), December 19, 2015; Mucenic, p. 74
- ^ a b Gheorghe G. Bezviconi, Necropola Capitalei, pp. 265–266. Bucharest: Nicolae Iorga Institute of History, 1972
- ^ "On lit dans le Wanderer, de Vienne", in La Presse, December 3, 1853, p. 2
- ^ Journal des Débats, March 26, 1895, pp. 1–2
- ^ Iorga, p. 193; Theodorian-Carada, pp. 58, 60
- ^ Badea-Păun, p. 110. See also Iorga, pp. 193–194
- ^ a b c P. Boutet, "Nouvelles diplomatiques et internationales", in Le Mémorial Diplomatique, No. 18/1870, p. 205
- ^ Badea-Păun, p. 111
- ^ Bacalbașa II, p. 104
- ^ "Bucurescĭ 4/16 Florarŭ", in Romanulu, May 5, 1867, p. 1
- ^ Ștribăț, p. 208
- Romanulu, February 24, 1868, p. 171
- ^ Badea-Păun, pp. 111–112; Mucenic, pp. 74–75
- ^ Crutzescu & Teodorescu, p. 535
- ^ a b Mucenic, p. 75
- ^ a b c d e f (in Romanian) Simina Stan, "Conacul familiei George Știrbey de la Dărmănești", in Jurnalul Național, July 25, 2009
- ^ a b c d (in Romanian) Nicolae Petrescu-Redi, "Generalul Radu R. Rosetti, între moșia cea mică – Brusturoasa și moșia cea Mare – România", in Convorbiri Literare, December 2015
- ^ Z. Ornea, "Memoriile soților Brătianu", in România Literară, Nr. 40/1999
- ^ a b c d e f (in Romanian) Daniela Cârlea Șontică, "Prințul alb", in Jurnalul Național, December 12, 2005
- ^ Grigore & Șerbu, p. 219; Rosetti, pp. 92, 126–127, 194
- ^ Gherghe, p. 287
- ^ Nicolescu, pp. 121–123, 169–173, 243
- ^ Nicolescu, pp. 145–146
- ^ Lucia Tafta, "Relațiile economice româno-franceze: aranjamentul comercial din noiembrie 1876", in Muzeul Național, Vol. XII, 2000, p. 124
- ^ Gane I, pp. 163–164
- ^ Nicolescu, pp. 135–136
- ^ Bacalbașa I, pp. 132–133
- ^ Bacalbașa I, pp. 152–153
- ^ Nicolescu, p. 214
- ^ Bacalbașa I, p. 190; II, p. 78; Ștribăț, p. 230
- ^ Anastase Stolojan, La question nationale. Discours de Mr. An. Stolojan prononcé à la Chambre des Députés, le 10/22 Décembre 1893, p. 89. Bucharest: Imprimerie G. A. Lazareano, 1894
- ^ Nicolescu, p. 201
- ^ Nicolescu, pp. 321–322
- ^ Bacalbașa I, p. 269
- ^ Gane I, p. 240; Ștribăț, pp. 220, 234, 238–239
- ^ Ornea (1998), p. 277
- ^ Nicolescu, pp. 393–394, 410–411
- ^ Gane I, pp. 249, 361–377; Grigore & Șerbu, p. 115; Ornea (1998), p. 294
- ^ Gane I, pp. 249; Ornea (1998), p. 280
- ^ Lovinescu, pp. 196–197, 212
- ^ Lovinescu, pp. 79, 197
- ^ Bacalbașa II, pp. 53–54; Gane I, pp. 361–377
- ^ Theodorian-Carada, p. 100
- ^ Bacalbașa II, pp. 61–63; Gane I, p. 361; Nicolescu, pp. 497–498
- ^ Bacalbașa II, pp. 66, 77, 140; Gane I, p. 371; Grigore & Șerbu, p. 115; Ornea (1998), pp. 311, 314
- ^ "Deputații aleși din tóte județele", in Gazeta Săteanului, Nr. 18/1888, p. 282
- ^ Grigore & Șerbu, p. 116
- ^ Georges Bibesco, Exposition universelle 1889. La Roumanie avant-pendant-après, pp. 49–51, 79. Paris: Imprimerie Typographique J. Kugelmann, 1890
- ^ Panu, pp. 152–153
- ^ Bacalbașa II, p. 140
- ^ Panu, p. 152
- ^ Nicolescu, p. 534
- ^ Gane I, pp. 418–419
- Journal des Débats, November 30, 1893, p. 3
- ^ "Concursul pentru Gara centrală", in Analele Arhitectureĭ și Ale Artelor cu Care Se Légă, Nr. 5/1893, p. 72
- ^ Bacalbașa II, p. 168
- George Ioan Lahovari, Constantin I. Brătianu, Grigore Tocilescu, Marele dicționar geografic al Romîniei. Alcătuit și prelucrat după dicționarele parțiale pe județe, Vol. I, p. 136. Bucharest: Stab. Grafic J. V. Socecŭ, 1898
- ^ Rosetti, pp. 22–24
- ^ Chefani-Pătrașcu, p. 292
- ^ D. E. Petrescu, Un splendid colț din România Mare, p. 72. Craiova: Ramuri, [n. y.]
- România Liberă, September 13 (25), 1887, p. 3
- ^ Chefani-Pătrașcu, p. 41
- ^ "Informațiuni", in Epoca, December 1 (13), 1888, p. 2; Grigore & Șerbu, p. 117; Theodorian-Carada, p. 188
- ^ a b D., "Baracele cholerice de la Trocadero", in Adevărul, August 8, 1893, p. 1
- ^ Mucenic, p. 75; Rosetti, p. 22
- ^ a b Mucenic, pp. 75–76
- ^ Journal des Débats, March 14, 1895, p. 2
- JORF, March 17, 1895, p. 1439
- ^ Badea-Păun, pp. 114–115
- ^ Félix, "Le Monde et la Ville. Salons", in Le Figaro, November 18, 1901, p. 2
- ISBN 978-94-6270-070-3
- ^ Mucenic, pp. 64, 69, 76–79
- ^ Chefani-Pătrașcu, pp. 110–111, 140, 315
- ISBN 973-27-0501-9. See also Gane II, pp. 273, 498–499
- ^ Grigore & Șerbu, p. 219; Rosetti, p. 194
- ^ Mucenic, p. 75. See also Rosetti, pp. 92, 126–127
- ^ Rosetti, pp. 127, 194
- ^ Rosetti, pp. 191, 194–195
- ^ (in Romanian) Ion Bulei, "Acum un veac (XXXVII). Regina Maria – Barbu Știrbey", in Ziarul Financiar, November 26, 2015; Ioan Scurtu, "24–25 iulie 1931. Nuntă la Castelul Peleș", in Magazin Istoric, May 2001, p. 65
- ^ Vasile Th. Cancicov, Impresiuni și păreri personale din timpul războiului României, Vol. II, pp. 46–47, 148, 196–197, 214, 414, 550. Bucharest: Atelierele Universul, 1921. See also Gane II, p. 545
- ^ Grigore & Șerbu, pp. 219–220
- ^ (in Romanian) Ionuț Butoi, "O corespondență inedită din timpul guvernării antonesciene. Mircea Vulcănescu și Alexandru Neagu", in Sfera Politicii, Nr. 175, May–June 2013
- ^ Grigore & Șerbu, pp. 220–221
- ^ Mucenic, pp. 76–79. See also Mihai Sorin Rădulescu, "În jurul a două scrisori de la George D. Florescu", in București. Materiale de Istorie și Muzeografie, Vol. XX, 2006, p. 283
- ^ (in Romanian) Gabriel Andreescu, "Avanpremieră. Cărturari, opozanți și documente. Manipularea Arhivei Securității (fragment)", in Suplimentul de Cultură, Nr. 382, January 2013, pp. 12–13
- ^ Crutzescu & Teodorescu, pp. 510, 534; Mucenic, pp. 64, 69–71, 78–80
- ^ Mucenic, pp. 71, 80
- ^ (in Romanian) Mediafax, "Palatul Știrbey este scos la vânzare, statul are drept de preemțiune", in Ziarul Financiar, September 2, 2016
- ^ (in Romanian) Diana Pârvulescu, "Reportaj: Placebo – un show energic și electrizant la Summer Well, care a eclipsat 'Super Luna'", Mediafax, August 11, 2014
References
- Constantin Bacalbașa,
- Bucureștii de altădată. Vol. II: 1885 — 1901. Bucharest: Editura Ziarului Universul, 1928.
- Bucureștii de altădată. Vol. I: 1871 — 1884. Bucharest: Editura Ziarului Universul, 1935.
- Gabriel Badea-Păun, "Gheorghe Știrbey, un diplomat pasionat de artă", in Muzeul Național, Vol. XX, 2008, pp. 108–115.
- Steluța Chefani-Pătrașcu, Moșieri teleormăneni (1864–1949). Mărire și decădere (Publicațiile Muzeului Județean Teleorman, VI). Renaissance: Bucharest, 2011. ISBN 978-606-637-009-7
- Gheorghe Crutzescu (contributor: Virgiliu Z. Teodorescu), Podul Mogoșoaiei. Povestea unei străzi. Bucharest: Biblioteca Bucureștilor, 2011. ISBN 978-606-8337-19-7
- OCLC 174249416
- Cosmin Lucian Gherghe, Emanoil Chinezu – om politic, avocat și istoric. Craiova: Sitech, 2009. ISBN 978-606-530-315-7
- Constantin Grigore, Miliana Șerbu, Miniștrii de interne (1862–2007). Bucharest: Editura Ministerului Internelor și Reformei Administrative, 2007. ISBN 978-97374-504-8-7
- OCLC 876302354
- ISBN 978-973-46-4083-6
- OCLC 935314935
- Cezara Mucenic, "Palatul Știrbey de pe Calea Victoriei", in București. Materiale de Istorie și Muzeografie, Vol. XX, 2006, pp. 58–80.
- George D. Nicolescu, Parlamentul Romîn: 1866–1901. Biografii și portrete. Bucharest: I. V. Socecŭ, 1903.
- ISBN 973-21-0562-3
- OCLC 798081254
- Radu R. Rosetti, Mărturisiri, I. Bucharest: Convorbiri Literare, 1933.
- Gheorghe-Florin Ștribăț, "Grupările conservatoare în viața politică a României in vremea Războiului de Independență", in Acta Moldaviae Meridionalis, Vol. XXXII (1), 2011, pp. 206–239.
- Mariu Theodorian-Carada, Efemeridele. Insemnări & amintiri. Întâiul volum. Bucharest: Tipografia Capitalei, 1930.