Alfred-Maurice de Zayas
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|
Alfred-Maurice de Zayas | |
---|---|
United Nations Independent Expert on the Promotion of a Democratic and Equitable International Order | |
In office 1 May 2012 – 30 April 2018 | |
Preceded by | Position established |
Succeeded by | Livingstone Sewanyana |
Personal details | |
Born | Alfred-Maurice de Zayas 31 May 1947 Havana, Cuba |
Citizenship | |
Nationality | Cuban American, Swiss |
Political party | Republican (since 1968)[a] |
Spouse |
Carolina Jolanda Edelenbos
(m. 1996) |
Relatives | Alfredo Zayas y Alfonso (great-grandnephew) |
Alma mater | |
Alfred-Maurice de Zayas (born 31 May 1947) is a Cuban-born American lawyer and writer, active in the field of human rights and international law. From 1 May 2012 to 30 April 2018, he served as the first UN Independent Expert on the Promotion of a Democratic and Equitable International Order, appointed by the United Nations Human Rights Council.[4]
Early life and education
De Zayas was born in
He was a
Since 1996, de Zayas has been married to Carolina Jolanda Edelenbos, a Dutch national and UN official, with whom he had a son, Stefan (deceased).[11][12]
Scholarly work
De Zayas' work focuses inter alia on the judicial protection of peoples and minorities.
In 1994, he co-authored with Prof.
De Zayas, in collaboration with Justice Jakob Möller, authored the book United Nations Human Rights Committee Case Law 1977-2008 (2009), published by N. P. Engel Verlag.
De Zayas has written scholarly articles that were published in the
He has co-authored and co-edited books such as The International Human Rights Monitoring Mechanisms.[46] De Zayas has published chapters in books Ethnic Cleansing in Twentieth-Century Europe co-edited by Steven Várdy and Hunt Tooley.[47] In International Humanitarian Law: Origins, edited by John Carey, de Zayas wrote the chapter "Ethnic Cleansing, Applicable Norms, Emerging Jurisprudence, Implementable Remedies".[48] His chapter in Spanish "El crimen contra la paz" was published in the book La Declaración de Luarca sobre el Derecho Humano a la Paz, edited by Carmen Rosa Rueda Castañón and Carlos Villán Durán.[49]
On the 1944–50 expulsion of Germans
De Zayas' work into the
In 1975, de Zayas published a study in the
Nemesis at Potsdam
The article was followed by his first book
British historian Tony Howarth reviewed it in the
In the same year, an enlarged German edition was published by the legal publisher
The Wehrmacht War Crimes Bureau
His second book (written with Walter Rabus), ]
In a review of the book in the Cambridge Law Journal, Professor of International Law at the University of Cambridge and judge at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) Christopher Greenwood considered the book to be "excellent" and that "the authors deserve the gratitude of all those interested in the laws of war but unable to read German for bringing out an English edition."[68][self-published source?] He goes on to add that "Throughout the book the authors emphasize that all the cases they examined have to be seen against the background of the Holocaust and the atrocities committed by the German armed forces and SS."[68][self-published source?]
In the
In the
A Terrible Revenge
His third book was A Terrible Revenge, The Ethnic Cleansing of the East European Germans, 1944–1950, published in Germany in 1986, and in the United States in 1993 by Palgrave Macmillan under the title The German Expellees.[63] According to PhD candidate Robert Bard, this book "was, as [de Zayas] says, written 'to generate interest in this hitherto ignored tragedy [the German ethnic expulsions] and lead to a new respect for these forgotten victims and to more compassion and understanding for our neighbours.' De Zayas in his introduction states that the book originated in a 1981 'prime-time television broadcast in Germany' which dealt with the expulsions, and in which he took part."[58]
The book was described as "problematic" by historians Konrad Jarausch and Michael Geyer.[72][clarification needed] Historians Dan Diner and Joel Golb write that the tendency of "allow[ing] the Germans to perceive themselves also as victims" is "manifest in the work of the best-selling author Alfred-Maurice de Zayas".[73] Nottingham Trent University Bill Niven writes that de Zayas is "often cited in support of the comparability thesis", i.e. the argument that crimes committed by Germany during the war were equivalent to crimes committed against it.[74] A review in the scholarly journal Central European History describes it as having a "distinctively revisionist flavour".[75]
By contrast, Andreas Hillgruber wrote in the Historische Zeitschrift: " His succinct and incisive recounting of the events are summarized in ten historical and six international law theses, that precisely because of their lucidity and balance deserve a permanent place in the historiography of the expulsions."[76] Gotthold Rhode wrote in the FAZ: "de Zayas lets the victims themselves tell their story, providing reports that were hitherto unknown... the book has the character of a new 'Documentation on the Expulsions' and contains descriptions of cruelties and suffering that four decades after the events boggle the mind."[77] Henry Stanhome in the London Times wrote: "De Zayas's moving plea is that one's home should be a human right. As frontiers once more shift in Eastern Europe and families flee in Bosnia, he could hardly have chosen a better moment to deliver it." (18 November 1993)[verify] Publishers Weekly: "This relatively unknown holocaust claimed more than two million lives...De Zayas... has uncovered testimony in German and American archives detailing these atrocities, adding a new chapter to the annals of human cruelty. His carefully documented book serves as a reminder that many different peoples have been subjected to 'ethnic cleansing'". (July 1994).[verify] Twenty years later Matthias Stickler reviewed a revised edition in the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung: "Es vermittelt anschaulich, gut lesbar, quellenorientiert und ohne Polemik Grundwissen zu einem nach wie vor wichtigen Thema" ("the book imparts knowledge on a still very relevant topic vividly, in straightforward language, based on reliable sources and without polemics)."[78] Historian Ernest Fisher reviewed it in the United States Army magazine Army: "The author has given the history of these expulsions a dramatic immediacy through a series of eyewitness accounts ... The remarkable sequel to this recital of inhumanity is that this displaced population has, in the 50 years since the war, managed to find a new home in a reunited Germany where nearly 20 percent of the population is made up of first- or second-generation descendants of these exiled millions."[79] De Zayas' book Nemesis at Potsdam likewise received a positive review in the Neue Zürcher Zeitung by historian Patrick Sutter.[80]
Genocide as State Secret
His 2011 book Völkermord als Staatsgeheimnis (Genocide as State Secret) with a substantive preface by Karl Doehring, Director of the
German historian
The review by Bernward Dörner in the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung described it as an "attempt to deny contemporary perceptions of genocide", while the French-German Historian Alfred Grosser strongly criticized the Dörner review as political and "completely one-sided", accusing the reviewer of ideological bias and unhistorical approach. Grosser cited the reviewer's own words on "strategy": "The question of contemporary perception of the Holocaust is of strategic importance. Because if it had actually been the case that the genocide could have remained secret, this would severely limit the shared responsibility of the German population in the genocide."[82] In other words, as the title of Grosser's article implies ("the return of collective guilt"), it is a question of instrumentalizing guilt for political purposes, and Zayas was not playing the game.[82]
The journal of the Institute on the Holocaust and Genocide in Jerusalem, Genocide Prevention Now, observed in its review: "As the footnotes abundantly manifest, de Zayas is keenly aware of the secondary literature in the field. He takes issue with some of the conclusions of historians like Goldhagen, Gellately, Longerich and Bankier, and tends to agree with the analysis of Michael Marrus, Gordon Craig, Peter Hoffmann and Hans Mommsen. But while he carefully considers the opinions of other scholars, he does not rehash what is already in the secondary literature – he takes a fresh look at the evidence, poses new questions – and proposes possible answers, avoiding guessing and extrapolation. He places the evidence in historical context, avoiding the anachronisms that some historians indulge in."[83]
Activism
De Zayas was co-president, with Jacqueline Berenstein-Wavre, of the Association Suisses et Internationaux de Genève (ASIG) from 1996 to 2006.[84][85][86][verify]
Since the 1990s, de Zayas has also focused on the genocides against the Armenians, Greeks of Pontos and Assyro-Chaldeans under the Ottoman Empire before, during, and after the First World War. He advocates the creation of a Constitutional Convention for Cyprus and published a proposal for this together with Malcolm Shaw and Andreas Auer.[87][non-primary source needed] He has argued for the recognition of "the human right to peace".[88][89][90][91][92]
In 2018 de Zayas sent a Memorandum to
He has called for a peaceful solution to the dispute between India and Pakistan in accordance with pertinent UN resolutions and the right of self-determination of the Kashmiris.[93][94]
He has advocated the rights of many minorities and indigenous peoples to autonomy and self-determination in United Nations fora and before parliamentarians in the European Parliament, including the Armenians of
Since his early retirement from the UN in 2003, de Zayas has been a vocal critic of the 2003
In 2015, he sparked a condemnation from UN Watch for saying the November 2015 Paris attacks were caused by the United States, Western colonialism, capitalism, and "Israeli settlers" and "a response to grave injustices and ongoing abuses perpetrated by the dominant, primarily developed countries, against populations of less developed countries".[106]
On 29 September 2017, de Zayas, and another UN independent commissioner,
De Zayas is a registered Republican voter,[3] although he supported Bernie Sanders in 2016,[109] and Tulsi Gabbard (via write-in) in 2020.[3] Writing in 2018 in the Canadian magazine Humanist Perspectives, he warned about the growing radicalism of the Antifa movement in Germany, reminiscent of the Nazi SA of the 1930s: "A new wave of totalitarianism is sweeping through Germany with the collusion of the mainstream media, which ... seldom criticize Antifa" and downplay their anti-democratic violence. On several occasions de Zayas has been invited as an expert before German courts[110] and before the Rechtsausschuss (legal committee) of the German Bundestag, invited by the CDU/CSU.[111]
He joined the board of trustees of the
United Nations Independent Expert
In 2012, de Zayas was elected as the Independent Expert by the
He presented his first report to the UN Human Rights Council at its 21st session in September 2012, calling for uniform application of international law.[118][119][non-primary source needed] On 10 September 2013, he presented his second report to the Human Rights Council A/HRC/24/38, and, in October 2013 his second report to the GA . A/68/284, to the UN General Assembly exploring initiatives and enforcement mechanisms to further advance a democratic and equitable international order, in particular through a World Parliamentary Assembly.[120][non-primary source needed]
On 10 September 2014, de Zayas presented his third report on the promotion of a democratic and equitable international order to the Human Rights Council.[121][non-primary source needed] During its 27th session in September 2014, the Human Rights Council extended his mandate through 2018 pursuant to resolution A/HRC/RES/27/9.[122][non-primary source needed]
On 27 October 2014, he presented his third report to the General Assembly on the right to self-determination (A/69/272) In the press release issued the following day, he stated: "The realization of the right of self-determination is essential to maintaining local, regional and international peace and must be seen as an important conflict-prevention strategy."[123]
On 10 September 2015, he presented his fourth report to the council on the adverse human rights impacts of free trade and investment agreements on a democratic and equitable international order, and on 26 October 2015 to the General Assembly on the issue of investor state dispute settlement.
During his mandate, he addressed multiple contemporary world issues, welcoming the Arms Trade Treaty and urging States to regulate not only trade but also production of arms.[129] In 2015, following a press release, de Zayas urged trade negotiators to address the Doha Round commitments to promote equal and fair trade at the Tenth Ministerial Conference in
In 2017, a 1982 photo of de Zayas in blackface which he had posted on his website was described as "racist and offensive" by UN Watch.[135]
On 25 February 2018, The UN Independent Expert issued a memorandum that states: "I have come to understand that the lawful political status of the Hawaiian Islands is that of a sovereign nation-state in continuity; but a nation state that is under a strange form of occupation by the United States resulting from an illegal military occupation and fraudulent annexation. As such, international laws (The Hague and Geneva Conventions) require that governance and legal matters within the occupied territory of the Hawaiian Islands must be administered by the application of laws by the occupied state (in this case, the Hawaiian Kingdom) not the domestic laws of the occupier (the United States)."[136][137]
Report on Venezuela
In late 2017 de Zayas visited
More than eighty Venezuelan organizations questioned de Zayas' conclusions that there was not a humanitarian crisis in the country. In a public statement, the organizations said that before finishing his mission in Venezuela and without having processed the information provided by the organizations, de Zayas formed an opinion prematurely and assumed the government's point of view, which blames the "economic warfare" and "blockade" for the food and medical supplies shortages. The organizations said that in two years, among twenty two experts from twelve international organizations, de Zayas' report was the only one to say there was no humanitarian crisis in the country. Alí Daniels, director of the NGO Acceso a la Justicia (Access to Justice), said that Venezuelan and Ecuadorian organizations said that, since the mission was not prepared according to independence standards of the United Nations, it could not reach valid or acceptable conclusions for the UN Human Rights Council. Daniels argued that this lack of balance was demonstrated in Zayas' report, where twelve pages are dedicated to Venezuela and only two and a half to Ecuador.[143]
During the 167th session of the
Literary works
Apart from his scholarly work in the fields of history and law, de Zayas has published poetry in English, French, German, Spanish, and
As a member of the International Rainer Maria Rilke Society of Sierre, Switzerland, de Zayas published the first English-language translation of Rilke's "Larenopfer", 90 poems dedicated to Rilke's homeland of Bohemia and his home city of Prague[154][155] Zayas has lectured on Rilke in Austria, Germany, Switzerland and Canada.[citation needed] On 2 May 2011, he delivered a lecture at the Salon du Livre de Genève (Geneva bookfair) on "Rilke, poète de la Heimat"[156]
A member of
From 1990 to 2005, he was president of the United Nations Society of Writers (UNSW)[161][162] and editor-in-chief and founder of its literary journal Ex Tempore.[163][164][165][166][167][168][169] In November 2019 he was reelected editor-in-chief of Ex Tempore.[170][171][172][173][174]
Awards
- Georg Dehio Prize, 1980.[175][verification needed]
- "Dr. Walter-Eckhardt-Ehrengabe für Zeitgeschichtsforschung" ("Dr. Walter Eckhardt Award for Contemporary History") from Ingolstadt Research Institute for Contemporary History, 2001.[176][verification needed]
- "Scholarly Achievement Award" of the Armenian National Committee of America, 8 November 2003[177]
- Cultural Prize (Kulturpreis) of the city of Geislingen (Baden-Württemberg, Germany) for his Rilke and Hesse translations, 2008[178][verification needed]
- Educator's Award, Canadians for Genocide Education, 31 March 2011.[179][180][181]
Selected works
Books
- Building a Just World Order (1st ed.). Clarity Press, Atlanta, Georgia, 2021. ISBN 978-1-949762-42-6
- 80 Thesen zur Vertreibung. Aufarbeiten anstatt Verdrängen, together with Konrad Badenheuer, Verlag Inspiration, London and Berlin, 2019: ISBN 978-3-945127-29-2
- Völkermord als Staatsgeheimnis [Genocide as State Secret], Olzog Verlag, München, 2011; ISBN 978-3-7892-8329-1
- The Genocide against the Armenians and the relevance of the 1948 Genocide Convention, Beirut, Lebanon: Haigazian University Press, 2010; ISBN 978-9953-475-15-8
- The United Nations Human Rights Committee Case Law 1977-2008 (together with Jakob Th. Möller), N.P.Engel Publishers, Kehl/Strasbourg, 2009; ISBN 978-3-88357-144-7
- 50 Thesen zur Vertreibung London/Berlin: ISBN 978-3-9812110-4-7
- Rainer Maria Rilke. Die Larenopfer Bilingual English-German edition with commentary. Los Angeles: ISBN 978-1-59709-080-3.
- International Human Rights Monitoring Mechanisms (with Gudmundur Alfredsson and ISBN 978-90-04-16236-5.
- ISBN 3-8004-1416-3
- ISBN 0-89725-360-4. 14. revised German edition Die Nemesis von Potsdam, Herbig, Munich 2005, isbn .
- ISBN 1-4039-7308-3; second revised edition, Palgrave/Macmillan, New York 2006.
- ISBN 978-3-938176-39-9.
- The Protection of Human Rights in the Administration of Criminal Justice (with Cherif Bassiouni). New York: Transnational Publishers, 1994 ISBN 094-1-320-87-1.
- — (1 February 2007). Die deutschen Vertriebenen – Keine Täter sondern Opfer: Hintergründe, Tatsachen, Folgen [The German expellees – not perpetrators but victims: background, facts, consequences] (in German). ARES Verlag. OL 16302134M.
Articles and chapters
- 4 entries in Dinah Shelton (ed.) Encyclopedia of Genocide. Macmillan Reference, 2005, "Aggression", "Ismael Enver", "Nelson Mandela", "Raoul Wallenberg".ISBN 978-00-28-65847-6.
- 6 entries in David Forsythe, Encyclopedia of Human Rights (Oxford 2009): P.E.N. International and Human Rights, Jose Ayala Lasso, Aryeh Neier, Kenneth Roth, Simon Wiesenthal and Bertrand Ramcharan; ISBN 978-0-19-533402-9.
- 18 entries in the Encyclopaedia of Public International Law, edited by Rudolf Bernhardt, Amsterdam: Elsevier, Vol. 1–5, 1992–2003, including "Amnesty Clause", "United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights", "Combatants", "Spanish Civil War", "Population Expulsion", "Repatriation", "Open Towns", "Curzon Line", "Territory, Abandonment", "Territory, Discovery", "United States Dependent Territories", "European Recovery Program", "Westphalia, Peace of", etc. ISBN 0 444 86246 3
- 6 entries in the Max Planck Encyclopaedia of Public International Law, edited by Rüdiger Wolfrum, Oxford, 2012, including "Forced Population Transfer", "Guantanamo Naval Base", "Marshall Plan", ISBN 978-0-19-929168-7
- "The United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights" in Helmut Volger (ed.) Concise Encyclopaedia of the United Nations, The Hague: Kluwer, 2002 (2nd revised edition 2009). ISBN 9789047444541
- "Peace" in William Schabas (ed.) Cambridge Companion to International Criminal Law, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2016 ISBN 978-1-107-69568-9
- "Die amerikanische Besetzung Guantánamos", Institut für Rechtspolitik an der Universität Trier, Rechtspolitisches Forum Nr. 28, 2005, ISSN 1616-8828.
- "The United Nations and the Guarantees of a Fair Trial" in David Weisbrodt (ed.), The Right to a Fair Trial, Springer Berlin, Volume 129, 1997, ISBN 3-540-62593-3.
- "Ethnic Cleansing: Applicable Norms, Emerging Jurisprudence, Implementable Remedies" in John Carey (ed.) International Humanitarian Law: Origins, New York: Transnational Press, 2003, pp. 283–307, ISBN 978-1571052643.
- "The Follow-up Procedure of the UN Human Rights Committee" in International Commission of Jurists Review, no. 47, 1991. ISSN 0443-8094
- "Petitioning the United Nations" in American Society of International Law, Proceedings of the 9th annual Meeting, 2001, Washington DC
- "International Law and Mass Population Transfers" in Harvard International Law Journal, 16: 207–58. ISSN 0017-8063
- "The Illegal Implantation of Turkish Settlers in Occupied Northern Cyprus" in Gilbert Gornig (ed.), Iustitia et Pax, Berlin: Duncker & Humblot, 2008, pp. 721–31. ISBN 978-3-428-12745-0
- "Karl Ernst Smidt" in Biographisches Lexikon für Ostfriesland, Aurich, 2007. ISBN 3-932206-62-2
- "Der Krieg im ehemaligen Yugoslawien aus völkerrechtlicher Sicht" in Tilman Zülch (ed.) "Ethnische Säuberung-Völkermord", Hamburg: ISBN 3-630-71084-0.
- "Minority Rights in the New Millennium" in The Geneva Post Quarterly, May 2007, pp. 155–208. ISSN 1422-2248
- "Normes morales et normes juridiques. Concurrence ou conciliation" in Anne Sophie Millet-Devalle (ed.), Religions et Droit International Humanitaire, Paris: Editions Pedone, 2007, pp. 81–87. ISBN 978-2-233-00535-9
- "Der Nürnberger Prozess" in Alexander Demandt "Macht und Recht", Munich: C.H. Beck, 1996. ISBN 3 406 39282 2
- "The potential for US ratification and enforcement of the Covenants on Civil and Political Rights and Economic, Social and Cultural Rights". Georgia Journal of International and Comparative Law, vol. 20, 1990. pp. 299–310. ISSN 0046-578X
- "The Procedures and Case-Law of the United Nations Human Rights Committee" in Carlos Jiménez Piernas, The Legal Practice in International Law and European Community Law, Leiden: Martinus Nijhoff, 2007. ISBN 978-9004154261.
- "Desarrollo jurisprudencial del Comité de Derechos Humanos" in Carlos Jiménez Piernas, "Iniciación a la práctica en Derecho Internacional y Derecho comunitario europeo", Marcial Pons, Barcelona 2003, ISBN 84-9768-069-3
- "Reflections on Law and Justice" in Diva International Diplomat, N. 3, 2019, Geneva ISSN 1660-9913pp. 26–27.
- "Ethnic Cleansing 1945 and Today: Observations on its Illegality and implications" in Steven Vardy (ed.), Ethnic Cleansing in 20th century Europe New York, Columbia University Press ISBN 0-88033-995-0
- "Selbstbestimmungsrecht und Vereinten Nationen" in Hans-Joachim Heintze (ed.) Selbstbestimmungsrecht der Völker Bonn, Dietz Verlag, 1997 ISBN 3-8012-0247-X
- "A historic survey of twentieth century expulsions" in Anna Bramwell (ed.) Refugees in the Age of Total War, Boston, Unwyn Hyman, 1988 ISBN 0-04-445194-6
- "The Ottoman genocide of the Greeks" in Tessa Hoffman (ed.)The Genocide of the Ottoman Greeks, New York, Caratzas, 2011 ISBN 978-0-89241-615-8
- "Le comité des droits de l'homme et le defi de Guantanamo" in Ben Aissa (ed.) Mélanges offeerts au Doyen Abdelfattah Amor Tunis, Centre de Publications Universitaires, 2005 ISBN 9973-37-282-4
- "La dérogation et le comité des droits de l'homme" in Daniel Premont (ed.)Droits Intangibles et Droits de l'Homme Bruxelles, Bruylant, 1996 ISBN 2-8027-0766-3
- "Les Arménians et le droit au recours" in Politique Internationale, Revue trimestrielle, No. 147, Paris ISSN 0221-2781
- "Préface" to the collection of poems by Camilo Pallasco and Françoise Mianda, Le jeu des mots. Poèmes Editions de la Maison Rouge, Cossonay ISBN 978-2-940410-36-1
- "Human rights and indefinite detention". International Review of the Red Cross. March 2016. Retrieved 29 August 2019.
Journals
- — (1 December 1991). "The Follow-up Procedure of the UN Human Rights Committee" (PDF). International Commission of Jurists Review (47). (PDF) from the original on 5 April 2016. Retrieved 22 February 2022.
- — (1 June 1992). "The Wehrmacht bureau on war crimes". S2CID 159986792.
- — (1 April 1993). "The Kalshoven Commission". Leiden Journal of International Law. 6 (1): 131–134. S2CID 145179888.
- — (10 December 1995) [1995-09-01]. "The right to one's homeland, ethnic cleansing, and the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia". Criminal Law Forum. 6 (2): 257–314. S2CID 144513680.
- — (1 September 1997). "Collective expulsions: Norms, Jurisprudence, remedies". Refugee Survey Quarterly. 16 (3): 149–153. OCLC 244827927.
- — (1 August 2007). "The Istanbul Pogrom of 6–7 September 1955 in the Light of International Law". OCLC 804391848.
- —; Martín, Áurea Roldán (7 December 2012). "Freedom of Opinion and Freedom of Expression: Some Reflections on General Comment No. 34 of the Un Human Rights Committee". Netherlands International Law Review. 59 (3): 425–454. S2CID 147266476.
Notes
- ^ Asked in an interview over a month following the 2020 presidential election and about "the course of the election and Joseph Biden's victory", de Zayas stated: "First of all, I would like to say that I have been a member of the Republican Party since 1968. At that time I was a student at Harvard University, and my political persuasion aimed at a social, ethical market economy. Times have changed, and of course I am no longer a "Republican", although I have not formally abandoned my membership in the Republican Party. I no longer feel any necessity to "root" for any political party".[3]
References
- ^ Kasonta, Adriel (19 May 2020). "Achieving an equitable world order". Asia Times.
- ^ De Zayas, Alfred. "Working for human rights takes patience, perseverance and passion". Zeit-Fragen. Retrieved 29 May 2020.
- ^ a b c "My take on the US elections – interview to the Swiss-German journal "Zeitgeschehen im Fokus"". WordPress via Zeitgeschehen im Fokus. 11 December 2020.
- ^ Independent Expert on the promotion of a democratic and equitable international order Archived 15 May 2013 at the Wayback Machine, Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, Ohchr.org. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
- ^ Profile Archived 22 December 2015 at the Wayback Machine, spiegel.de. Retrieved 15 December 2015.(in German)
- ISBN 0-88738-141-3
- ISBN 0 444 86248-X.
- ^ A. de Zayas "Human Rights, United Nations High Commissioner for" in H. Volger (ed.) Concise Encyclopedia of the United Nations, Kluwer, the Hague, 2002, pp. 217–23, reviewed by Ruth Wedgwood in the American Journal of International Law, vol. 99, pp. 284–87, at 285;
- ^ A. de Zayas, "United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights" in Rudolf Bernhardt (ed.) Encyclopaedia of Public International Law, Vol. 4, 2000, Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 1129–32
- ^ "Statement by Alfred de Zayas, Independent Expert on the Promotion of a Democratic and Equitable International Order Ecuador Workshop 11–12 March 2014". Ohchr.org. Archived from the original on 16 March 2020. Retrieved 11 March 2014.
- ^ "United Nations Society of Writers, Geneva : Sociedad de escritores de las Naciones Unidas, Ginebra: Ex Tempore" (PDF). Extempore.ch. p. 124. Retrieved 11 August 2018.
- ^ Tom Hostage, Fordham University Class of 1967, 50th Reunion Yearbook, Bespoke Press, New York, 2017, p. 70
- ^ Yoram Dinstein, Israel Yearbook on Human Rights, Volume 23, 1993, p. 416
- ISBN 978-3-88357-144-7
- ^ "The Procedures and Case-Law of the United Nations Human Rights Committee" in Carlos Jiménez Piernas, The Legal Practice in International Law and European Community Law, Martinus Nijhoff, Leiden 2007
- ^ De Zayas, Alfred. "The Principle of Reparation in International Law: A lecture delivered at Armenian Genocide Conference UCLA". Keghart.com. Archived from the original on 1 March 2018. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
- ^ Alfred de Zayas. "Armenians Have Strong, Legitimate Claim for Reparations: comments given by Prof. Alfred de Zayas (Geneva School of Diplomacy) via videoconference". Armenian Weekly. Archived from the original on 22 December 2015. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
- ISBN 978-950-895-277-6
- ^ The_genocide_against_the_Armenians_1915
- ^ S2CID 145136716.
- ^ Von Arnulf Baring (29 September 1941). "Staatsgeheimnis – Kultur". Der Tagesspiegel (in German). Archived from the original on 2 March 2018. Retrieved 14 December 2015.
- ^ "The Status of Guantanamo Bay and the Status of the Detainees" (PDF). University of British Columbia Law Review. 37: 277–342. 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 24 March 2009.
- ^ "Wem gehört Guantanamo Bay", Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung, 29 December 2003
- ^ Interview with former Guantanamo inmate, Al-Jazeera journalist Sami Elhaj: We had no rights, we were not treated as human beings, in Current Concerns, No. 7, page 5 (2008)
- ^ "Ethnische Säuberungen und das Internationale Kriegsverbrechertribunal für das ehemalige Jugoslawien" in Archiv des Völkerrechts, Band 35 (1997) pp. 29–72, "Der Krieg im ehemaligen Jugoslawien aus völkerrechtlicher Sicht" in Tilman Zülch (ed.) Ethnische Säuberung, Luchterhand Verlag, 1999
- ISBN 978-3-86573-423-5
- ^ "Turkey must apologise" Cyprus Weekly, 25 February 2011, p. 14
- ^ "Minority Rights in the New Millennium", The Geneva Post Quarterly, May 2007, pp. 155–208
- S2CID 147266476.
- ISBN 978-0-7923-2315-0.
- ISBN 9780941320870.
- ISSN 0002-9300.
- ^ Ramcharan, B.G. (June 2009). "UN Special". Unspecial.org. UN/ONU. Archived from the original on 16 February 2020. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
- ^ International Law and Mass Population Transfers. Amazon. January 1975. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
- ^ 37 U.B.C.Law Review 277–341 (2004)
- ^ "Human rights and indefinite detention". international-review.icrc.org. 15 March 2005. Archived from the original on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 1 March 2016.
- S2CID 144513680.
- ^ Refugee Survey Quarterly, volume 16, 1997
- S2CID 147266476.
- ^ The Follow-up procedure of the UN Human Rights Committee, No. 47, December 1991, pp. 28–35
- S2CID 159986792.
- ^ "Les Armeniens et le Droit au Recours", Dossier Special 2015, pp. 143-154
- ^ Opsahl, Torkel; Möller, Jakob Th; Zayas, De; M, Alfred (1989). "Application of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights under the Optional Protocol by the Human Rights Committee / by Alfred de Zayas, Jakob Th. Möller, Torkel Opsahl". United Nations Digital Library System.
- ^ "The uncertain scope of Article 15(1) of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights" 1983, pp. 237–255
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- ^ Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, Leiden, 2009.
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There is a similar lack of documentation in English on events in Czechoslovakia. The best remains Alfred M. de Zayas's Nemesis at Potsdam (London 1979)
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{{cite book}}
:|website=
ignored (help - S2CID 145235574.
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Further reading
- Simon Bradley (23 September 2016). "'People power' is path to democratic enforcement of human rights". Swissinfo. Retrieved 26 March 2019. (interview)
- El Cooperante (27 November 2017). "Alfred de Zayas, el experto de la ONU con aire "procastrista" que visita Venezuela". El Cooperante (in Spanish). Retrieved 26 March 2019. (profile)
- Amy Goodman (24 January 2019). "Former U.N. Expert: The U.S. Is Violating International Law by Attempting a Coup in Venezuela". Democracy Now. Retrieved 26 March 2019. (interview)
- Horizons et débats (July 2018). "Interview d'Alfred de Zayas: "Lorsqu'on œuvre pour les droits de l'homme, il faut de la patience, de la persévérance et de la passion"". L'Hora (in French). Retrieved 29 August 2019. (interview)
- Jourdan, Par Alain (26 March 2019). "L'insoumis Alfred de Zayas jette son dernier pavé [The rebellious Alfred de Zayas throws his last stone]". Tribune de Geneve(in French). Retrieved 26 March 2019. (interview and profile on occasion of his "controversial report" on Venezuela)
- Dan Kovalik (20 December 2017). "Americans Must Hear The Other, Hopeful Side of The Venezuelan Story". HuffPost contributors. Retrieved 26 March 2019. (opinion piece highlighting de Zayas' work)
- Greg Wilbert (15 July 2019). "De Zayas: UN Human Rights Council's Report on Venezuela is 'Unbalanced' (1/2)". New Cold War. Retrieved 29 August 2019. (podcast transcript originally published by The Real News)