Archiponera
Archiponera Temporal range:
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Holotype of Archiponera wheeleri | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Hymenoptera |
Family: | Formicidae |
Subfamily: | Ponerinae |
Genus: | †Archiponera Carpenter, 1930 |
Species: | †A. wheeleri
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Binomial name | |
†Archiponera wheeleri Carpenter, 1930
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Archiponera is an
History and classification
When described the genus Archiponera was known from a single pair of fossils preserved as an impression in fine
At the time of description, the holotype worker and allotype male of A. wheeleri were deposited in the Museum of Comparative Zoology paleontology collections at Harvard University. The fossils were first studied by paleoentomologist Frank M. Carpenter of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. His 1930 type description of the new genus and species was published in the Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology. When described, Carpenter noted perceived similarities between Archiponera and the modern genera Streblognathus and Dinoponera, suggesting that the two modern genera were the closest relatives of Archiponera. Wheeler suggested that Streblognathus and Dinoponera, at that time each known from a single described species, were members of a close generic grouping, or "super genus", which prior to the Pleistocene ice age, was a tropicopolitan, with Archiponera being a northern member of the group.[1] However ,molecular data analysis has shown that while Streblognathus and Dinoponera show general morphological similarities, they are not closely related as suggested by Wheeler, and the relationship status of Archiponera is not known.[7] Archiponera is one of eleven extinct Ponerinae genera described as of 2012.[2]
Description
In general, Archiponera specimens have large heads with rounded sides and small, uncurved mandibles. The clypeus is large in proportion to the head, with a forward margin that has a cleft in the middle and a rearward margin with a large lobe present. The eyes are similar in placement and size to that seen in Streblognathus and Dinoponera, being smaller and positioned high on the head capsule. The twelve segmented antennae are long, with a scape that extends past the rear of the head capsule. The gaster is notably rounded and small at 5.0 mm (0.20 in) long, being nearly the same size as the 4.5 mm (0.18 in) long head. The workers have an overall length of 15.0 mm (0.59 in) with a thorax of about 1.0 mm (0.039 in). The male is overall smaller than the known worker, with an estimated length of 13.0 mm (0.51 in), a condition that is seen in Dinoponera species. The wings of the male are 6.0 mm (0.24 in) long and bearing two cubital cells.[1]