Asphodelaceae

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Asphodelaceae
Asphodelus macrocarpus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Asphodelaceae
Juss.[1]
Subfamilies

For genera, see section § Genera.

Asphodelaceae is a

taxonomists, but the circumscription has varied widely. In its current circumscription in the APG IV system, it includes about 40 genera and 900 known species.[3] The type genus is Asphodelus
.

The family has a wide, but scattered,

sap, which contains digestive enzymes, and has medicinal and cosmetic
applications.

Description

Members of the Asphodelaceae are diverse, with few characters uniting the three subfamilies currently recognized. The presence of anthraquinones is one common character. The flowers (the inflorescence) are typically borne on a leafless stalk (scape) which arises from a basal rosette of leaves. The individual flowers have jointed stalks (pedicels). A disk of woody tissue (a hypostase) is present at the base of the ovule.[1]

The subfamily Xanthorrhoeoideae contains only the genus

Hemerocallis) are one of the widely grown members of this subfamily.[1]

Systematics

Phylogeny

The order Asparagales can be divided into a basal paraphyletic group, the "lower Asparagales", which includes the Asphodelaceae as defined here,[4] and a well-supported monophyletic group of "core Asparagales", comprising Amaryllidaceae sensu lato and Asparagaceae sensu lato.[5] Three separate families were at one time recognized (e.g. in the first APG system of 1998): Asphodelaceae, Hemerocallidaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae. Molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that the three are closely related,[1][6] although Rudall considered that the combination into a single clade was not supported by morphological analysis.[7] The most recent APG classification, the APG IV system of 2016, places the three former families into a single family, the Asphodelaceae sensu lato. The former families are treated as three subfamilies: Asphodeloideae, Hemerocallidoideae and Xanthorrhoeoideae.[8]

The following

DNA sequences of the chloroplast genes rbcL, matK, and ndhF.[9] All branches have at least 70% bootstrap support. Of the 36 genera recognized by the authors, 29 were sampled. Eccremis was not sampled, but is added here because it is known to be closely related to Pasithea and is often combined with it. Hodgsoniola belongs somewhere in the grade from Tricoryne to Johnsonia. The unsampled genera, Astroloba, Chortolirion and Gasteria, belong to subfamily Asphodeloideae.[10]

Asphodelaceae

History

The family now called Asphodelaceae has had a complex history; its circumscription and placement in an order have varied widely.

In the

lilioid monocots; consequently, he placed taxa from both the modern orders Asparagales and Liliales into a single family Liliaceae.[7]

In some of the older

Molecular phylogenetic studies have shown that Dasypogonaceae belongs to the commelinids
and is therefore not even in the same order as Asphodelaceae.

The decision to group three formerly separate families, Asphodelaceae sensu stricto, Hemerocallidaceae and Xanthorrhoeaceae, into a single family first occurred as an option in the APG II system of 2003. The name used for the broader family was then Xanthorrhoeaceae;[13] earlier references to the Xanthorrhoeaceae relate only to the subfamily Xanthorrhoeoideae. The changes were a consequence of improvement in molecular and morphological analysis and also a reflection of the increased emphasis on placing families within an appropriate order.[14][7][15]

The APG III system of 2009 dropped the option of keeping the three families separate, using only the expanded family, still under the name Xanthorrhoeaceae.[14] Anticipating a decision to conserve the name Asphodelaceae over Xanthorrhoeaceae (which came to pass in 2017), the APG IV system uses Asphodelaceae as the name for the expanded family.[2] The three previous families were then the subfamilies

Xanthorrhoeoideae. Earlier these three had been treated as separate families.[8]

The family Asphodelaceae was made a

nomen conservandum (conserved name) in 2017. Previously, the name Xanthorrhoeaceae had priority.[14] This was anticipated in the APG IV family lists.[2]

Genera

The genera listed below are from the

APWeb as of December 2010
.

Subfamily Asphodeloideae Burnett  

Subfamily Hemerocallidoideae Lindley  

Subfamily

Xanthorrhoeoideae
M.W.Chase, Reveal & M.F.Fay

The nothogenus Gasteraloe contains hybrids between Aloe and Gasteria.

The genus

Xeronemataceae.[2]

References

  1. ^ a b c d Stevens, P.F. "Asphodelaceae". Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
  2. ^
    doi:10.1111/boj.12385
    .
  3. doi:10.11646/phytotaxa.261.3.1
    .
  4. doi:10.1139/b97-044
  5. ^ Stevens, P.F. "Asparagales". Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved 12 June 2016.
  6. doi:10.1006/anbo.2000.1262
    .
  7. ^
    S2CID 24862159
    .
  8. ^
    doi:10.1111/j.1095-8339.2009.00999.x
    .
  9. ISSN 0065-6275
    .
  10. ISBN 978-3-540-64060-8
    .
  11. ISBN 9780231038805
    .
  12. ^ Beadle, N.C.W. (1981). The Vegetation of Australia. London: Cambridge University Press.
  13. doi:10.1046/j.1095-8339.2003.t01-1-00158.x
    .
  14. ^
    hdl:10654/18083
    .
  15. JSTOR 2992015
    .
  16. ^ Search for "Xanthorrhoeaceae", World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, retrieved 25 February 2013

External links

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