Bagrada hilaris

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Bagrada hilaris
Mating
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hemiptera
Suborder: Heteroptera
Family: Pentatomidae
Genus: Bagrada
Species:
B. hilaris
Binomial name
Bagrada hilaris
(Burmeister, 1835)
Synonyms

Bagrada cruciferarum

Bagrada hilaris is a species of

rape, and mustard.[2] The adult and nymph of the species suck sap from the leaves of the plants, causing wilting, yellowing, and stunting of growth.[3] Besides crucifers, the bugs are known on papaya, sorghum, maize, potato, cotton, caper, pearl millet, and some legumes.[2][3] Large numbers of the bug congregate on the plants and cause extensive damage.[2][3]

Several stages of Bagrada hilaris, Los Angeles 2010

The adult bug is 5 to 7 millimeters in length, shield-shaped, and black with white and orange markings. The female, which is larger than the male, lays up to 100 oval or barrel-shaped eggs on leaves or in soil beneath plants.[3] The eggs are white when freshly deposited and turn orange over time. Within 8 days the first-instar nymph emerges.[3] It is bright orange-red and turns darker as it develops, becoming black by the last instar.[3]

The bug made a sudden appearance in Los Angeles in June, 2008, its first sighting in the Western Hemisphere.[2] It then moved into the cropland of the heavily agricultural Coachella and Imperial Valleys of California, doing damage to cole crops there, especially those grown organically.[4] By September 2014 it had reached as far north as San Mateo, Santa Cruz, Merced and Inyo counties, and all California counties to the south except Tulare County.[5] As of 2020, it was found as far north as Yolo County.[1]

Past infestations have been reported in India.[6] It was found for the first time in Chile in 2016, where it rapidly established and began generating economic loss as well as invading homes in several Chilean localities.[7][8][9]

A 2019 study found the eggs of invasive B. hilaris in Mexico being parasitized by a new species of parasitoid wasp, Idris elba (named after the actor of the same name). I. elba has thus been identified as a potential control agent for B. hilaris, which may benefit the broccoli crops that B. hilaris infests.[10]

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 9780520288744
    .
  2. ^ a b c d e Center for Invasive Species Research - UC Riverside
  3. ^ a b c d e f "Infonet-Biovision: Bagrada Bug". Archived from the original on 2013-08-16. Retrieved 2010-09-27.
  4. ^ Blake, C. Bagrada bug startles cole industry. Western Farm Press November 13, 2009.
  5. ^ Jeannette E. Warnert. A disheartening new pest invades California vegetable gardens - UC Riverside
  6. ^ Lal, O. P. and S. Baldeo. (1993). Outbreak of the painted bug, Bagrada hilaris (Burm.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on mustard in northern India. Journal of Entomological Research 17:2.
  7. ^ Faúndez, Eduardo; Lüer, Alfredo; Cuevas, Álvaro; Rider, David; Valdebenito, Priscila (October 2016). "First record of the painted bug Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister, 1835) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in South America". Arquivos Entomolóxicos. 16: 175–179 – via ResearchGate.
  8. ^ Faúndez, Eduardo; Lüer, Alfredo; Cuevas, Álvaro (2017-03-22). "The establishment of Bagrada hilaris (Burmeister, 1835) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) in Chile, an avoidable situation?". Arquivos Entomolóxicos. 17: 239–241 – via ResearchGate.
  9. PMID 29931070
    .
  10. ^ "Meet the new parasitic wasp species named 'Idris elba'". Mongabay Environmental News. 2019-11-21. Retrieved 2019-11-22.

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Bagrada hilaris.
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