Banksia ser. Cyrtostylis
Banksia ser. Cyrtostylis | |
---|---|
B. media (southern plains banksia), the type species of B. ser. Cyrtostylis | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Order: | Proteales |
Family: | Proteaceae |
Genus: | Banksia |
Subgenus: | Banksia subg. Banksia |
Section: | Banksia sect. Banksia |
Series: | Banksia ser. Cyrtostylis (Benth.) A.S.George |
Species | |
See text |
Banksia ser. Cyrtostylis is a
According to Bentham
Bentham published B. sect. Cyrtostylis in Flora Australiensis, as part of his taxonomic arrangement of Banksia, defining it as those taxa with
"Leaves flat or undulate, the margins not revolute, toothed pinnatifid or pinnate. Style arched or nearly straight and turned upwards or curved, but not hooked after flowering, the stigmatic end small, not furrowed."[1]
This definition essentially defined Cyrtostylis as a section for those species that did not possess the characters of the other sections; thus it was highly heterogeneous.[2]
George Bentham's placement and circumscription of B. sect. Cyrtostylis may be summarised as follows:[1]
- Banksia
- B. sect. Oncostylis (13 species, 2 varieties)
- B. sect. Cyrtostylis
- B. attenuata
- B. media
- B. Solandri
- B. Goodii
- B. petiolaris
- B. repens
- B. prostrata (now B. gardneri)
- B. grandis
- B. quercifolia
- B. quercifolia var. integrifolia (now B. oreophila)
- B. Baueri
- B. sect. Eubanksia (3 species)
- B. sect. Orthostylis(19 species)
- B. sect. Isostylis(1 species, 1 variety)
Bentham's circumscription of Cyrtostylis remained current for over 100 years, only being superseded in 1981 by George's revision.
According to George 1981
In 1981, George published a taxonomic revision of Banksia in The genus Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae). He demoted Cyrtostylis to series rank, placing it within Banksia subgenus Banksia, section Banksia.[3] It has remained at this rank since then, so its current name is Banksia ser. Cyrtostylis (Benth.) A.S.George.[4]
George defined Cyrtostylis as those members of B. sect. Banksia with slender flowers, a small pollen-presenter, and beaked follicles. Its type species was given as B. media (Southern Plains Banksia).[3]
George's 1981 placement and circumscription of B. ser. Cyrtostylis may be summarised as follows:[3]
- Banksia
- B. subg. Banksia
- B. sect. Banksia
- B. ser. Salicinae (9 species, 5 subspecies)
- B. ser. Grandes (2 species)
- B. ser. Quercinae (3 species)
- B. ser. Orthostylis (8 species, now B. ser. Banksia)
- B. ser. Crocinae (4 species)
- B. ser. Cyrtostylis
- B. ser. Prostratae (6 species, 3 varieties)
- B. ser. Tetragonae (3 species)
- B. ser. Coccineae(1 species)
- B. sect. Oncostylis (3 series, 21 species, 4 subspecies, 10 varieties)
- B. sect. Banksia
- B. subg. Isostylis (2 species)
- B. subg. Banksia
A significant addition to the series occurred in 1988, when George published a new species, B. epica, placing it between B. praemorsa (Cut-leaf Banksia) and B. media.[5]
According to Thiele and Ladiges
In 1996,
Thiele and Ladiges preferred to give series rank to the subclades, rather than the entire clade, so they transferred the taxa of the second clade into
The placement and circumscription of B. ser. Cyrtostylis in Thiele and Ladiges' arrangement of Banksia may be summarised as follows:[2]
- Banksia
- B. subg. Isostylis (3 species)
- B. elegans (incertae sedis)
- B. subg. Banksia
- B. ser. Tetragonae (4 species)
- B. ser. Lindleyanae(1 species)
- B. ser. Banksia (2 subseries, 12 species)
- B. baueri (incertae sedis)
- B. lullfitzii (incertae sedis)
- B. attenuata (incertae sedis)
- B. ashbyi (incertae sedis)
- B. coccinea (incertae sedis)
- B. ser. Prostratae (8 species)
- B. ser. Cyrtostylis
- B. ser. Ochraceae (3 species, 2 subspecies)
- B. ser. Grandes (2 species)
- B. ser. Salicinae (2 series, 11 species, 4 subspecies)
- B. ser. Spicigerae (3 series, 7 species, 6 varieties)
- B. ser. Quercinae (2 species)
- B. ser. Dryandroideae (1 species)
- B. ser. Abietinae (4 subseries, 15 species, 8 varieties)
According to George 1999
Thiele and Ladiges' arrangement remained current only until 1999, when it was overturned by George. George's 1999 arrangement was largely a reversion to his 1981 arrangement. Despite George describing B. ser. Cyrtostylis as "a rather heterogeneous series", its 1981 circumscription was maintained, the only changes being the inclusion of B. epica, the relocation of B. lindleyana to the end of the series, and the relocation of B. laevigata to sit between B. elderiana (Swordfish Banksia) and B. elegans (Elegant Banksia). George's 1999 placement and circumscription of B. ser. Cyrtostylis may be summarised as follows:[6]
- Banksia
- B. subg. Banksia
- B. sect. Banksia
- B. ser. Salicinae (11 species, 7 subspecies)
- B. ser. Grandes (2 species)
- B. ser. Banksia (8 species)
- B. ser. Crocinae (4 species)
- B. ser. Prostratae (6 species, 3 varieties)
- B. ser. Cyrtostylis
- B. ser. Tetragonae (3 species)
- B. ser. Bauerinae(1 species)
- B. ser. Quercinae (2 species)
- B. sect. Coccinea(1 species)
- B. sect. Oncostylis (4 series, 22 species, 4 subspecies, 11 varieties)
- B. sect. Banksia
- B. subg. Isostylis (3 species)
- B. subg. Banksia
In 2002 B. rosserae was published; it was tentatively placed in B. ser. Cyrtostylis between B. elderiana and B. laevigata.[7]
Recent developments
Since 1998,
Early in 2007 Mast and Thiele initiated a rearrangement of Banksia by transferring Dryandra into it, and publishing B. subg. Spathulatae for the species having spoon-shaped cotyledons; in this way they also redefined the autonym B. subg. Banksia. All members of B. ser. Cyrtostylis fall within Mast and Thiele's B. subg. Banksia, but nothing further has been published. Mast and Thiele have foreshadowed publishing a full arrangement once DNA sampling of Dryandra is complete.[11]
References
- ^ a b Bentham, George (1870). "Banksia". Flora Australiensis. Vol. 5: Myoporineae to Proteaceae. London: L. Reeve & Co. pp. 541–562.
- ^ .
- ^ a b c George, Alex S. (1981). "The Genus Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae)". Nuytsia. 3 (3): 239–473.
- ^ "Banksia ser. Cyrtostylis". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
- ^ George, Alex S. (1988). "New taxa and notes on Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae)". Nuytsia. 6 (3): 309–317.
- ISBN 0-643-06454-0.
- ^ Olde, Peter M. & Marriott, Neil R. (2002). "One new Banksia and two new Grevillea species (Proteaceae: Grevilleoideae) from Western Australia" (PDF). Nuytsia. 15 (1): 85–99. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 September 2006. Retrieved 10 January 2007.
- doi:10.1071/SB97026.
- PMID 21665734.
- doi:10.1071/SB04015.
- doi:10.1071/SB06016.
External links
- "Banksia ser. Cyrtostylis (Benth.) A.S.George". Flora of Australia Online. Department of the Environment and Heritage, Australian Government.
- "Banksia sect. Cyrtostylis Benth". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
- "Banksia ser. Cyrtostylis (Benth.) A.S.George". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.