Banksia ser. Banksia

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Banksia ser. Banksia
Banksia serrata (saw banksia), the type species of Banksia.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Order: Proteales
Family: Proteaceae
Genus: Banksia
Subgenus: Banksia subg. Banksia
Section: Banksia sect. Banksia
Series: Banksia ser. Banksia
Synonyms

B. sect. Orthostylis Benth.
B. ser. Orthostylis (Benth.) A.S.George

Banksia ser. Banksia is a valid

botanic name for a series of Banksia. As an autonym, it necessarily contains the type species of Banksia, B. serrata
(Saw Banksia). Within this constraint, however, there have been various circumscriptions.

According to Bentham

Banksia ser. Banksia originated in 1870 as Banksia sect. Orthostylis. Published by

styles that "give the cones after the flowers have opened a different aspect". The placement and circumscription of B. sect. Orthostylis in Bentham's arrangement can be summarised as follows:[1]

Banksia
B. sect. Oncostylis (13 species)
B. sect. Cyrtostylis
(10 species)
B. sect. Eubanksia (3 species)
B. sect. Orthostylis
B. latifolia (now B. robur)
B. serrata
B. ornata
B. coccinea
B. sceptrum
B. menziesii
B. lævigata
B. hookeriana
B. prionotes
B. victoriæ
B. speciosa
B. baxteri
B. marcescens (now B. praemorsa)
B. lemanniana
B. caleyi
B. lindleyana
B. elegans
B. candolleana
B. sect. Isostylis
(1 species)

According to George 1981

In 1981,

pistil that is prominently curved before anthesis. The result was a series of just eight species, all of which had been included in Bentham's B. sect. Orthostylis. The other eleven members of Bentham's Orthostylis were moved into other sections and series.[2]

The placement and circumscription of B. ser. Orthostylis in George's 1981 arrangement may be summarised as follows:

Banksia
B. subg. Banksia
B. sect. Banksia
B. ser. Salicinae (9 species)
B. ser. Grandes (2 species)
B. ser. Quercinae (3 species)
B. ser. Orthostylis
B. serrata
B. aemula
B. ornata
B. menziesii
B. speciosa
B. baxteri
B. candolleana
B. sceptrum
B. ser. Crocinae (4 species)
B. ser. Cyrtostylis (12 species)
B. ser. Prostratae (6 species)
B. ser. Tetragonae (3 species)
B. ser. Coccineae
(1 species)
B. sect. Oncostylis (3 series, 21 species)
B. subg. Isostylis (2 species)

The placement of B. sceptrum (Sceptre Banksia) in this series was initially tentative, as George felt that "in some respects it also shows a relationship to the series Cyrtostylis". B. aemula (Wallum Banksia) was also flagged as anomalous in having a conical pollen-presenter, and B. pilostylis (Marsh Banksia) was noted as the only species outside the series that has a hairy pistil. Overall, George accepted that the resultant series was "somewhat heterogeneous", but argued that the species had enough in common to warrant grouping them together. Since species of B. ser. Orthostylis occur in both western and eastern Australia, George suggested that it had evolved early, and was widespread across southern Australia before aridification and marine incursion established the Nullarbor Plain as a barrier to genetic exchange.[2]

George's 1981 publication of B. ser. Orthostylis was illegal. Since the series contained

International Code of Botanical Nomenclature to be given the autonym Banksia L.f. ser. Banksia . This has been recognised and corrected in later publications.[3]

According to Thiele and Ladiges

In 1996,

phylogeny somewhat at odds with George's taxonomic arrangement. Their cladogram included a clade consisting of the members of B. ser. Banksia sensu George, together with the four members of George's B. ser. Crocinae:[4]

On the basis of this clade, Thiele and Ladiges abandoned B. ser. Crocinae, transferring its four taxa into B. ser. Banksia. They then divided the series into two subseries, placing B. ornata (Desert Banksia), B. serrata and B. aemula in B. subser. Banksia, and all other species in B. subser. Cratistylis.[4]

The placement and circumscription of B. ser. Banksia in Thiele and Ladiges' arrangement may be summarised as follows:[4]

Banksia
B. subg. Isostylis (3 species)
B. elegans (incertae sedis)
B. subg. Banksia
B. ser. Tetragonae (4 species)
B. ser. Lindleyanae
(1 species)
B. ser. Banksia
B. subser. Banksia
B. ornata
B. serrata
B. aemula
B. subser. Cratistylis
B. candolleana
B. sceptrum
B. baxteri
B. speciosa
B. menziesii
B. burdettii
B. victoriae
B. hookeriana
B. prionotes
B. baueri (incertae sedis)
B. lullfitzii (incertae sedis)
B. attenuata (incertae sedis)
B. ashbyi (incertae sedis)
B. coccinea (incertae sedis)
B. ser. Prostratae (8 species)
B. ser. Cyrtostylis (4 species)
B. ser. Ochraceae (4 species)
B. ser. Grandes (2 species)
B. ser. Salicinae (2 subseries, 11 species, 4 subspecies)
B. ser. Spicigerae (3 subseries, 7 species, 6 varieties)
B. ser. Quercinae (2 species)
B. ser. Dryandroides (1 species)
B. ser. Abietinae (4 subseries, 14 species, 8 subspecies)

According to George 1999

Thiele and Ladiges' arrangement remained current only until 1999, when George's treatment of the genus for the

phyletic order.[3]

Recent developments

Since 1998,

phylogeny that is rather different from previous taxonomic arrangements. All previous circumscriptions of B. ser. Banksia appear to be polyphyletic. Bentham's circumscription is widely polyphyletic, and both George's and Thiele and Ladiges' circumscription bring together species that occur in three widely separate clades in Mast's cladogram. Thiele's B. subser. Banksia is monophyletic but is most closely related to B. ser. Ochraceae and B. ser. Prostratae; B. baxteri (Baxter's Banksia) and B. speciosa (Showy Banksia) form a clade alongside B. coccinea (Scarlet Banksia); and the remaining species in Thiele and Ladiges' circumscription form a third clade with B. ashbyi (Ashby's Banksia) and B. lindleyana (Porcupine Banksia).[5][6][7]

Early in 2007 Mast and Thiele initiated a rearrangement of Banksia by transferring Dryandra into it, and publishing B. subg. Spathulatae for the species having spoon-shaped cotyledons; in this way they also redefined the autonym B. subg. Banksia. All members of B. ser. Banksia fall within Mast and Thiele's B. subg. Banksia, but no more detail has been published. Mast and Thiele have foreshadowed publishing a full arrangement once DNA sampling of Dryandra is complete.[8]

References

  1. ^ Bentham, George (1870). "CIV. Proteaceae: 29. Banksia". Flora Australiensis. Vol. V: Myoporineae to Proteaceae. London: L. Reeve & Co. pp. 541–562.
  2. ^ a b George, Alex S. (1981). "The Genus Banksia L.f. (Proteaceae)". Nuytsia. 3 (3): 239–473.
  3. ^
    ISBN 0-643-06454-0
    .
  4. ^
    doi:10.1071/SB9960661
    .
  5. doi:10.1071/SB97026
    .
  6. PMID 21665734
    .
  7. doi:10.1071/SB04015
    .
  8. doi:10.1071/SB06016
    .

External links

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