Banovina of Croatia
| Banovina of Croatia Banovina Hrvatska Бановина Хрватска | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Banovina of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia | |||||||||||||||||||
| 1939–1941 | |||||||||||||||||||
 Banovina of Croatia (red) within Kingdom of Yugoslavia (light yellow) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Capital | Zagreb | ||||||||||||||||||
| Area | |||||||||||||||||||
| • Coordinates | 45°49′N 15°59′E / 45.817°N 15.983°E | ||||||||||||||||||
| Government | |||||||||||||||||||
| • Type | Banate | ||||||||||||||||||
| Ban | |||||||||||||||||||
• 1939–1941 | Ivan Šubašić | ||||||||||||||||||
Axis invasion of Yugoslavia | 6 April 1941 | ||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||
| Today part of | Croatia Bosnia and Herzegovina Serbia Slovenia | ||||||||||||||||||
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The Banovina of Croatia or Banate of Croatia (
Background
In the
After fruitless efforts to fix the Serb-Croat divide and Croat abstention from government, including a cabinet headed by the nominally neutral Slovene Anton Korošec, King Alexander I of Yugoslavia intervened and, on 6 January 1929, established the 6 January Dictatorship. On 3 October 1929, the country was officially renamed Kingdom of Yugoslavia in an effort to unite the various ethnicities into a greater national identity. The new state had a new constitution, and in place of the 33 administrative districts of the Vidovdan Constitution, it instead established the banovinas. The banovinas were drawn in a way to avoid the old historical, regionalist or ethnic affiliations, but because the King still had a vested interest in maintaining the Serb dominance from which he drew most of his legitimacy as King, six of the nine Banovinas ended up with Serb majorities.[6][7] Instead of uniting Serbs and Croats into a joint Yugoslav identity, there was widespread Croatian resentment against a perceived Serbian hegemony instead.[8]
Over the course of the next ten years, the royal dictatorship grew in strength and ruled with authoritarian decrees,
History
On the basis of the Cvetković–Maček Agreement, and the Decree on the Banate of Croatia (Uredba o Banovini Hrvatskoj) dated 24 August 1939, the Banate of Croatia was created.
Under the Agreement, central government continued to control
In 1941, the
Population
In 1939, the banovina of Croatia had a population of 4,299,430 of which three quarters was Roman Catholic, one-fifth was Orthodox, and 4 percent was Muslim.[17] The banovina was divided into 116 districts (kotari) of which 95 had an absolute and 5 had a relative Catholic majority.[17] Although religious in nature as per Yugoslav homogeneity policy, the census also provided insight into ethnic make-up of the banovina as ethnic Croats and Slovenes were predominantly Catholic whereas other ethnicities were not.
Sports
The
Croatia men's national ice hockey team played its first friendly game against Slovakia on February 9, 1941 in Bratislava and lost 6-1.[19]
The Croatian Boxing Federation was reconstituted on 5 October 1939 as the governing body of boxing within the entire Banovina of Croatia.[20]
Gallery
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Religious map of the Banovina Croatia by municipality, according to the 1931 census. -
Territory of the Banovina Croatia compared to territory of the present-day countries as well as the prior existing banates. -
Banates of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia prior to the establishment of the Banovina of Croatia. -
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Lesser coat of arms of the Banovina of Croatia -
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Ethnic map of Yugoslavia, 1940.
See also
| History of Croatia |
|---|
 |
| Timeline |
 Croatia portal |
- Kingdom of Yugoslavia
- Socialist Republic of Croatia
- Timeline of Croatian history
- Ban of Croatia
- Administrative divisions of the Banovina of Croatia
Notes
- ISBN 0333792416.
The government produced a draft constitution, following intensive consultations between Pasiç and Pribiceviç, which opted for a centralized state with a strong monarchy and a single-chamber parliament, modelled on the Serbian constitution of 1903. Their draft proposed the creation of [33] administrative districts, a balkanizing tactic intended to maximize the electoral power of the Serb vote.
- ISBN 9780521274593.
After the elections the delegates of the Croatian Peasant Party met in Zagreb and decided not to participate in the assembly. As we have seen, the Communist Party was excluded by a vote of the assembly itself. A quarter of the elected representatives thus did not attend. Under these circumstances the Serbian centralists had a clear field, and the constitution, which was completed in June 1921, expressed their interests.
- ISBN 0333792416.
Disaffection among the non-Serb nationalities was aggravated by the amended Electoral Law of June 1922, which created electoral constituencies on the basis of pre-war census figures, so that Serbia's huge population losses during the Great War were ignored.
- ISBN 0333792416.
The next day, 20 June 1928, amid familiar scenes of disorder, Raciç opened fire in the debating chamber, killing two deputies and wounding three others, among them Radiç, who died two months later, although initially he seemed to make a good recovery; sufficiently so to maintain his hostility to cooperation with the Serbs.
- ISBN 9781557538383.
On the morning of 20 June 1928, Stjepan Radić appeared at the opening session of parliament. Although public confrontations in the preceding days had escalated to the point of murder threats, this consummate politician threw caution to the wind. One of the first people to speak that morning was Puniša Račić, a member of parliament for the Radical Party from Montenegro. Quite unexpectedly he found himself in a heated debate with the colleagues from the opposition. The president of the parliament was trying valiantly but unsuccessfully to restore order when Račić suddenly pulled out his pistol and shot in the direction of the Croatian Peasant Party (HSS) faction. Two members of parliament died immediately; two others were wounded. Radić, who had been shot in the stomach, died in August of complications. The assassination marked the tragic culmination of the domestic crisis that had been fatefully escalating since 1927. It turned Radić into a martyr, welded together Croat national politics, and provided the Peasant Party with enormous political capital. However, Yugoslav democracy had shattered, and the king declared a state of emergency.
- ISBN 0333792416.
- ISBN 9781557538383.
- ISBN 0674166981.
Although some supporters of the dictatorship were genuine Yugoslavists, including, as some evidence suggests, the king himself, Croats inevitably considered the dictatorship as thinly disguised "Serbian hegemony." Indeed, the dictatorship was bitterly resented in Croatia. Instead of dissolving traditional Croatian nationalism, the dictatorship strengthened the extremists.
- ISBN 9781557538383.
During the royal dictatorship, the country's unity became its chief priority. King Alexander juxtaposed "tribalism" with Yugoslav "nationalism" in order to overcome internal divisions of different kinds. The regime used draconian royal decrees and the state's security apparatus to implement national and state unity by dictatorial means. Basic civil rights such as freedom of expression and freedom of association were suspended.
- ISBN 0333792416.
Stojadinoviç developed a marked taste for the fascist trappings of power. After meeting with Mussolini, in December 1937, he adopted a version of the Roman salute and took to styling himself 'Leader' of his followers, though not, he said with characteristic equivocation when confronted by Prince Pavle about it, with any wish to emulate the Duce, to whom he had said exactly the opposite. Stojadinoviç aspired to be Yugoslavia's strong man, and because of it he ended up an Axis stooge.
- ISBN 0333792416.
Stojadinoviç formed a second administration, but at the beginning of February 1939 his Slovene and Muslim ministerial colleagues, together with Dragisa Cvetkoviç, a Serb, resigned, stating as their reason the government's intransigence over the Croat problem. Stojadinoviç's position was now untenable[.]
- ^ ISBN 9781557538383.
- ISBN 0674166981.
- ^ a b Croatian History Museum[permanent dead link]
- ^ Uredba o banovini Hrvatskoj (in Croatian)
- ^ The Sporazum, Tripartitate Pact, and Outbreak of World War II
- ^ a b Velikonja (2003), p. 146
- ^ Kronologija hrvatskog veslanja Archived August 13, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ PREHĽAD ZÁPASOV A-tímu SR od roku 1940 Archived 2013-05-31 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Povijest hrvatskog sporta: Boks
References
- Velikonja, Mitja (2003). Religious Separation and Political Intolerance in Bosnia-Herzegovina. College Station: Texas A&M University Press. ISBN 9781585442263.
External links
- Map of Yugoslav banovinas with the Banovina of Croatia (in Hungarian)
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