Barbourofelis

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Barbourofelis
Temporal range:
Ma
B. loveorum, Florida Museum of Natural History Fossil Hall at the University of Florida
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Suborder: Feliformia
Family: †Barbourofelidae
Tribe: †Barbourofelini
Genus: †Barbourofelis
Schultz, Schultz & Martin, 1970
Type species
†Barbourofelis fricki
Schultz, Schultz & Martin, 1970
Other Species
  • †Barbourofelis loveorum
  • †Barbourofelis morrisi
  • †Barbourofelis piveteaui
  • †Barbourofelis vallesiensis
  • †Barbourofelis whitfordi

Barbourofelis is an extinct genus of large, predatory,

Ma.[1][2]

Taxonomy

Barbourofelis was named by Bertrand Schultz, Marian Schultz, and Larry Martin in 1970 in honor of Erwin Hinckley Barbour, who died a few days before the holotype was discovered.[3] Its type is Barbourofelis fricki and is the type genus of the subfamily Barbourofelinae.

Description

Restoration of the head of B. fricki by Mauricio Antón
B. fricki

While the species B. fricki is thought to have been a

leopards. Species in this genus had the longest canines of all the barbourofelids, which were also flattened, indicating a high degree of specialization to its diet. These canines had a longitudinal groove on the lateral surface that has been described as a means of allowing blood from a wound they have inflicted to flow away. This groove more likely was an adaptation to make the canines lighter while maintaining their strength. Other notable traits include the presence of a postorbital bar, the presence of a ventrally extended mental process (bony extensions on either side of the lower jaw), and the shortening of the skull behind the orbits. It had a very robust constitution, with B. morrisi intermediate between the size of Sansanosmilus and B. fricki, which is thought to have been a particularly large predator and the largest of all barbourofelids. Large individuals of B. fricki have been reconstructed with shoulder heights of around 90 cm (2 ft 11 in). The barbourofelids were probably very stocky in build, resembling a bear-like lion or lion-like bear. Based on its foot structure, species of Barbourofelis might have had a semi-plantigrade walking stance.[4] Barbourofelis also had large carnassial teeth, meant for efficiently processing a carcass, indicating it lived in a highly competitive ecosystem or that it was social and would feed in a competitive, frenzied manner in order to eat as much as other members of its family group. Perhaps a combination of both scenarios was possible.[5]

The most extensive selections of bones found for this genus come from B. loveorum and have allowed further inference to the proportions of other members of the genus.[4]

Paleobiology

Growth and development

B. fricki skull

The skeletons of juvenile Barbourofelis have been found, and examination of their skeletons indicates that the cubs would reach near-adult size before their milk sabers would begin to erupt. This indicates that they were dependent on their mother or potential family group until well into their second year. Such a long period of dependence would have likely led to situations in which near-adult cubs would have likely helped to restrain prey while their mother made the kill. Such behavior potentially was a foundation for more extensive social ties in later feliforms and felids.[4]

Paleoecology

Barbourofelis loveorum's environment in the

Osteoborus, and the bear Agriotherium. During the following stage, the Hemphillian, Barbourofelis fricki shared territory with the machairodont species Amphimachairodus coloradensis. Both genera of machairodont, as well as the bear Agriotherium and the dogs Epicyon and Osteoborus would have presented competition to the barbourofelid, while any and all of the large animals present were potential prey species.[6][7]

References

  1. S2CID 84817087
    .
  2. ^ Barbourofelis in the Paleobiology Database
  3. ^ Schultz, C. Bertrand; Schultz, Marian R.; Martin, Larry D. (October 1970). "A New Tribe of Saber-toothed Cats (Barbourofelini) from the Pliocene of North America" (PDF). Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum. 9 (1).
  4. ^
    ISBN 9780253010421
    .
  5. ISBN 9780253010421
    .
  6. ISBN 9780253010421
    .
  7. ISBN 0-231-10228-3
    .
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