Belgrade Formation

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Belgrade Formation
Stratigraphic range: Oligocene-Miocene
TypeGeological formation
Sub-unitsPollocksville Member, Haywood Landing Member
OverliesRiver Bend Formation[1]
Lithology
PrimaryLimestone sand
OtherClay
Location
Region North Carolina
Country United States
Type section
Named forBelgrade, North Carolina

The Belgrade Formation is a limestone

period
.

Description

The Belgrade Formation is composed of two subunits: the Pollocksville member and the Haywood Landing member. The Pollocksville member is composed of unconsolidated oyster shells and sand. It was deposited in the Oligocene and early Miocene. The Haywood Landing member is composed of shelly sands and thinly laminated clays. The Belgrade Formation was originally considered part of an Eocene formation called the Trent Marl before it was identified as being deposited in the Miocene and split off.[2]

Fossil content

Mammals

Carnivorans
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
?Amphictis Jones County.[3] A right mandible (NCSM 33670).[3] An ailurid.
Cetaceans
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Albertocetus A. meffordorum Isolated right petrosal (USNM 559392).[4][5] A xenorophid.
Ankylorhiza A. tiedemani CCNHM 6045 (a well preserved 10th lower
postcanine).[5]
 An
odontocete
.
A. sp. CCNHM 5554 (an isolated
postcanine) and CCNHM 5465 (a partial bulla).[5]
 An
odontocete
.
Cotylocara cf. C. sp. CCNHM 4277 (a partial left bulla)".[5] A xenorophid.
Echovenator E. sp. A fragmentary petrosal.[4] A xenorophid.
cf. E. Partial tympanic bullae.[5] A xenorophid, possibly the same taxon as Echovenator sp.[5]
Eomysticetidae Eomysticetidae indet. CCNHM 1831 and CCNHM 1821, both are right
tympanic bullae.[5]
 An indeterminate species most similar to (but sti differing from) Eomysticetus whitmorei.
cf. Eoplatanista cf. E. sp. "CCNHM 4276 (a partial right
tympanic bulla)".[5]
Eurhinodelphinidae Eurhinodelphinidae indet. CCNHM 1828 (a partial right periotic) and CCNHM 4274 (a partial left
tympanic bulla).[5]
 "Compares favorably with Xiphiacetus cristatus and Eurhinodelphis cocheteuxi".[5]
?Kentriodontidae ?Kentriodontidae indet. "CCNHM 4275 (a partial bulla)".[5]
Odontocete
 Indeterminate Belgrade Quarry.[4] CCNHM 1903 (an isolated tooth).[5] Indeterminate toothed whale remains, may represent a squalodelphinid or kentriodontid.
cf. Physeteroidea cf. Physeteroidea indet. "CCNHM 1904 (a partial tooth)".[5] May represent a juvenile physeteroid tooth.
Squalodelphinidae Squalodelphinidae indet. 3 right periotics and 3 right tympanic bullae.[5]
cf. Squalodon cf. S. sp. A periotic and multiple teeth.[5] A squalodontid.
Waipatiidae Waipatiidae indet. "CCNHM 1354 (a posterior lower molar)".[5]
Xenorophidae Xenorophidae indet. "CCNHM 1833 (a partial right squamosal)".[5] "Falls within the size range of Albertocetus, Echovenator, and Inermorostrum."[5]
Xenorophus X. sp. CCNHM 1826 (a partial
tympanic bulla).[5]
 A xenorophid, may represent X. sloanii.
Sirenians
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Crenatosiren C. olseni Onslow Beach.[5] Skull caps.[5] An early dugongid.
Sirenia Sirenia indet. "CCNHM 1906 (a partial rib fragment)".[5] "Approximately twice the diameter of ribs of Crenatosiren olseni, potentially representing a larger dugongid like Dioplotherium,

Stegosiren, or Priscosiren".[5]

Reptiles

Reptiles
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Chelonioidea
 Belgrade Quarry.[4] Indeterminate sea turtle remains.
Crocodilia Belgrade Quarry.[4] Indeterminate crocodilian remains.

Fish

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon
Ootaxon
Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
Chondrichthyes
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Anoxypristis
 		A. sp. Belgrade Quarry.[4] A sawfish.
Carcharhinus Belgrade Quarry.[4]
Carcharias C. sp. Belgrade Quarry.[4] A sand shark.
Carcharocles
C. angustidens
 		Belgrade Quarry.[4] A
megatooth shark, now reassigned to the genus Otodus
.
Galeocerdo G. casei or mayumbensis Belgrade Quarry.[4] A tiger shark.
Ginglymostoma G. delfortriei [6] A nurse shark.
Hemipristis H. serra Belgrade Quarry.[4] A snaggletooth shark.
Myliobatis M. sp. Belgrade Quarry.[4] An eagle ray.
Nebrius or Ginglymostoma Belgrade Quarry.[4] A nurse shark.
Negaprion Belgrade Quarry.[4] A lemon shark.
Notorynchus N. primigenius Belgrade Quarry.[4] A cow shark.
Odontaspis O. sp. Belgrade Quarry.[4] A sand shark.
Otodus O. angustidens Belgrade Quarry.[4] A
megatooth shark
.
Plinthicus P. stenodon Belgrade Quarry.[4] An extinct ray.
Physogaleus P. aduncas Belgrade Quarry.[4] A
ground shark
.
Rhinoptera R. sp. Belgrade Quarry.[4] A cownose ray.
Squatina
 		S. sp. Belgrade Quarry.[4] An angelshark.
Osteichthyes
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Lagodon L. sp. Belgrade Quarry.[4] A
pinfish
.

Invertebrates

Molluscs
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Crassostrea
C. gigantissima
 Upper finer grained unit, Pollocksville Member.[2][4] An oyster.

See also

References

  1. doi:10.3133/b1457F
    .
  2. ^ a b c Ward, Lauck W.; Lawrence, David R.; Blackwelder, Blake W. (1979). "Stratigraphic revision of the middle Eocene, Oligocene, and lower Miocene; Atlantic Coastal Plain of North Carolina" (PDF). U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin. 1457-F: 3–10. Retrieved 26 June 2018.
  3. ^
    PMID 32714653
    .
  4. ^
    PMID 29117197
    .
  5. ^
    S2CID 252077178
    .
  6. ^ "Late Oligocene sharks and rays from the Chandler Bridge Formation, Dorchester County, South Carolina, USA - Acta Palaeontologica Polonica". www.app.pan.pl. Retrieved 2022-09-06.


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