Bohai Sea
| Bohai Sea | ||
|---|---|---|
Tâi-lô | Phu̍t hái | |
The Bohai Sea (Chinese: 渤海; pinyin: Bó Hǎi; lit. 'Bo Sea') is a gulf/inland sea approximately 77,000 km2 (30,000 sq mi) in area on the east coast of Mainland China.[1] It is the northwestern and innermost extension of the Yellow Sea, to which it connects to the east via the Bohai Strait. It has a mean depth of approximately 18 meters (59 ft), with a maximum depth of about 80 meters (260 ft) located in the northern part of the Bohai Strait.[2]
The Bohai Sea is enclosed by three
History
During the
Until the early 20th century, Bo Hai was often called the Gulf of Zhili (Chinese: 直隸海灣; pinyin: Zhílì Hǎiwān) or Gulf of Beizhili (北直隸海灣; Běizhílì Hǎiwān). The romanization systems widely used in the West at the time rendered these names as variations of "Jili", "Chihli", "Pechihli", or "Pe-Chihli".[6][7] Zhili and North Zhili were historic provinces in an area surrounding Beijing that approximately corresponds to what is now Hebei Province.
Geography
There are three major bays inside the Bohai Gulf:
Bohai Strait
The opening of the Bohai Gulf is bounded by the Changshan Archipelago between
(from north to south, the most commonly used ones in bold)
- Laotieshan Channel (老铁山水道), also known as the Lau-ti-shan Channel, is the widest and deepest
- Daqin Channel (大钦水道)
- Xiaoqin Channel (小钦水道)
- North Tuoji Channel (北砣矶水道)
- South Tuoji Channel (南砣矶水道)
- Changshan Channel (长山水道), is the most direct route to Tianjin
- Dengzhou Channel (登州水道), also known as the Miaodao Channel (庙岛水道) or Miaodao Strait (庙岛海峡), is the nearest to the shore but also the shallowest
Major ports
There are five major ports along the Bohai Sea rim, with throughputs over 100 million tons, though the port of Tangshan is further subdivided into Jingtang and Caofeidian:
- Port of Yingkou (营口港; 營口港)
- Qinhuangdao Port (秦皇岛; 秦皇島港)
- Port of Jingtang (京唐港)
- Port of Tangshan (唐山港)
- Port of Tangshan Caofeidian (曹妃甸港)
- Tianjin Port (天津港)
- Port of Huanghua (黄骅港; 黃驊港)
Caofeidian and Jingtang are usually treated as one port for statistical purposes. The ports of Dalian and Yantai are also traditionally considered part of the Bohai rim, even though strictly speaking they lie outside the limits of the sea. The Port of Longkou reached 70 million tons of cargo in 2013, and is expected to reach the 100 million ton landmark in the near future.[8]
Major cities along the Bohai Sea coast
Hydrocarbon resources
The Bohai Bay contains significant oil and gas reserves,
Tunnel crossing
In February 2011,
See also
Notes
References
- ^ 中华人民共和国版图 (in Chinese)
- ^ S2CID 216519749. Retrieved 5 November 2022.
- ^ "四大海域，为什么只有渤海属于内海，领海内允许他国船只航行吗？_腾讯新闻". new.qq.com. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
- ^ "Marine Regions". www.marineregions.org. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
- ^ "Gard Alert: Bohai Sea, China – fines for discharge of pollutants". www.gard.no. Retrieved 25 March 2023.
- ^ "Civilization on the North China Plain".
- ^ "State of Yan". Archived from the original on 24 May 2021. Retrieved 24 May 2021.
- ^ "丹东港吞吐量突破1亿吨 正式跻身大港俱乐部-中新网".
- S2CID 252424192. Retrieved 24 January 2023.
- ^ China. Background. US Energy Information Administration
- ^ Asia Pacific & Middle East. ConocoPhillips
- ^ Roc Oil begins Bohai Bay oil production Archived 16 March 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Bairdmaritime. 14 May 2009
- ^ ISBN 0891813063, Pp. 471–486
- ISBN 0891813330
- ^ China: Third Oil Spill in Bohai Sea in Less than Two Months. Offshore Energy Today (12 July 2011). Retrieved on 3 August 2011.
- ^ "China's CNOOC discovers 100m ton oilfield in Bohai Sea". Nikkei Asia. Retrieved 18 March 2024.
- Asahi Shimbun, "China To Build Undersea Tunnel Crossing Bohai Strait", 18 February 2011.
- ^ "'China plans world's longest sea tunnel at $42 billion -report". Reuters. 11 July 2013. Archived from the original on 24 September 2015. Retrieved 30 June 2017.
External links
