2002 Brazilian general election
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Presidential election | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Turnout | 82.26% (first round) 79.53% (second round) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Presidential election results | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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6 October 2002 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
All 513 seats in the Chamber of Deputies 257 seats needed for a majority | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
6 October 2002 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
54 of the 81 seats in the Senate | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
This lists parties that won seats. See the complete results below. |
General elections were held in Brazil on 6 October 2002, with a second round of the presidential election on 27 October. The elections were held in the midst of an economic crisis that began in the second term of the incumbent president, Fernando Henrique Cardoso of the centre-right Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB). Due to constitutional term limits, Cardoso was ineligible to run for a third consecutive term.
Following a tense intra-party battle over who would run to succeed Cardoso on the PSDB ticket, former Minister of Health José Serra was ultimately selected by the party to be its standard bearer for President in 2002.[3] Rita Camata, a federal deputy for Espírito Santo and member of the centrist Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB), was chosen as his running mate. In the beginning of the election cycle, Governor of Maranhão Roseana Sarney (PFL) looked to be the most viable centre-right candidate.[4] However, a corruption scandal forced Sarney out of the race, allowing the PSDB to remain the paramount centre-right force in the 2002 cycle.[5]
The election took place in the aftermath of an economic crisis that hit Brazil during Cardoso's second term.
Background
During the second term of the
In an environment of distrust and uncertainty for investment, many investors feared the measures that were going to be taken if a
The media called this the "Lula risk", indicating that if Lula was to win the election, the economy would fail. Lula was then forced to sign a text that became known as Carta aos Brasileiros (Letter to the Brazilian people), promising that if he won the election, he would not change the economic policy of Brazil. Many in the left-wing saw this as a shift to the
Brazilian Social Democratic Party presidential candidate selection
With incumbent President Fernando Henrique Cardoso ineligible to run for a third consecutive term due to term limits, the dominant centre-right PSDB was forced to find a new candidate for the 2002 election. Given that Cardoso was elected with the help of a broad centre-right coalition, there existed fear among PSDB officials that another candidate would be unable to maintain his coalition.[10]
José Serra, who had served as Minister of Health under Cardoso, was eventually chosen as the party's nominee. Outgoing President Cardoso was initially favorable to the prospect of Governor of Ceará Tasso Jereissati serving as the PSDB's presidential nominee in 2002.[11] According to a report by The Economist, Jereissati enjoyed broader support among the PSDB's coalition partners than Serra, whose performance on the campaign trail was considered lackluster.[12] Additionally, some PSDB insiders and political scientists feared that Serra would perform poorly in the northeast, and believed that Jereissati would do better in the region owing to being from Ceará.[13]
In addition to Serra and Jereissati, who were the subject of most speculation, other potential PSDB candidates were speculated on, including members of the Cardoso administration. Economist and education official
Both
Workers' Party presidential candidate selection
On the other hand, some members of the party's left-wing who felt Lula that was too moderate urged Mayor of Belém Edmilson Rodrigues to contest the party' nomination.[31][32] Edmilson did not end up running for the party's nomination, and would later leave the party to join the left-wing Socialism and Liberty Party (PSOL).[33]
Presidential candidates
Candidates in the runoff
Party | Candidate | Most relevant political office or occupation | Party | Running mate | Coalition | Electoral number | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Workers' Party (PT) |
Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva |
Member of the Chamber of Deputies from São Paulo (1987–1991) |
Liberal Party (PL) |
José Alencar |
Lula President[a]
|
13 | ||
José Serra |
Minister of Health of Brazil (1998–2002) |
Rita Camata |
Great Alliance[b] | 45 |
Candidates failing to make the runoff
Party | Candidate | Most relevant political office or occupation | Party | Running mate | Coalition | Electoral number | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
José Maria de Almeida |
PSTU National President (since 1993) |
Dayse Oliveira |
— | 16 | ||||
Popular Socialist Party (PPS) |
Ciro Gomes |
Governor of Ceará (1991–1994) |
Democratic Labour Party (PDT) |
Paulo Pereira da Silva
|
Labour Front
|
23 | ||
Workers' Cause Party (PCO) |
Rui Costa Pimenta |
PCO National President (since 1995) |
Workers' Cause Party (PCO) |
Pedro Paulo de Abreu | — | 29 | ||
Anthony Garotinho |
Governor of Rio de Janeiro (1999–2002) |
José Antonio Almeida | Brazil Hope Front
|
40 |
Results
President
Candidate | Running mate | Party | First round | Second round | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | % | Votes | % | ||||
Paulo Pereira da Silva (PDT) | Popular Socialist Party | 10,170,882 | 11.97 | ||||
José Maria de Almeida | Dayse Oliveira | United Socialist Workers' Party | 402,236 | 0.47 | |||
Rui Costa Pimenta | Pedro Paulo de Abreu | Workers' Cause Party | 38,619 | 0.05 | |||
Total | 84,952,512 | 100.00 | 86,164,103 | 100.00 | |||
Valid votes | 84,952,512 | 89.61 | 86,164,103 | 94.00 | |||
Invalid votes | 6,976,685 | 7.36 | 3,772,138 | 4.12 | |||
Blank votes | 2,873,753 | 3.03 | 1,727,760 | 1.88 | |||
Total votes | 94,802,950 | 100.00 | 91,664,001 | 100.00 | |||
Registered voters/turnout | 115,253,816 | 82.26 | 115,253,816 | 79.53 | |||
Source: Election Resources |
Chamber of Deputies
Party | Votes | % | Seats | +/– | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party of National Mobilization | 282,878 | 0.32 | 1 | –1 | |
Progressive Republican Party | 251,971 | 0.29 | 0 | 0 | |
Workers' General Party | 194,686 | 0.22 | 0 | 0 | |
Christian Social Democratic Party | 192,546 | 0.22 | 1 | +1 | |
Labour Party of Brazil | 168,639 | 0.19 | 0 | 0 | |
United Socialist Workers' Party | 159,251 | 0.18 | 0 | 0 | |
Party of the Nation's Retirees | 126,666 | 0.14 | 0 | 0 | |
National Labour Party | 118,471 | 0.14 | 0 | 0 | |
Christian Labour Party | 74,955 | 0.09 | 0 | 0 | |
Brazilian Communist Party | 45,963 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | |
Workers' Cause Party | 29,351 | 0.03 | 0 | 0 | |
Total | 87,474,543 | 100.00 | 513 | 0 | |
Valid votes | 87,474,543 | 92.31 | |||
Invalid votes | 2,811,943 | 2.97 | |||
Blank votes | 4,476,906 | 4.72 | |||
Total votes | 94,763,392 | 100.00 | |||
Registered voters/turnout | 115,184,176 | 82.27 | |||
Source: Election Resources |
Senate
Party | Votes | % | Seats | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Won | Total | +/– | ||||||
Party of National Mobilization | 358,062 | 0.23 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Social Liberal Party | 295,807 | 0.19 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Social Christian Party | 293,463 | 0.19 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Workers' Cause Party | 194,112 | 0.13 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Party of the Reconstruction of the National Order | 145,016 | 0.09 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
National Labour Party | 107,122 | 0.07 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Workers' General Party | 103,973 | 0.07 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Brazilian Communist Party | 95,489 | 0.06 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Progressive Republican Party | 90,502 | 0.06 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Party of the Nation's Retirees | 76,798 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Humanist Party of Solidarity | 76,274 | 0.05 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Christian Social Democratic Party | 29,768 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Brazilian Labour Renewal Party | 27,301 | 0.02 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Labour Party of Brazil | 19,175 | 0.01 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Christian Labour Party | 3,784 | 0.00 | 0 | 0 | 0 | |||
Total | 153,664,544 | 100.00 | 54 | 81 | 0 | |||
Valid votes | 153,664,544 | 81.08 | ||||||
Invalid votes | 22,547,411 | 11.90 | ||||||
Blank votes | 13,316,709 | 7.03 | ||||||
Total votes | 189,528,664 | 100.00 | ||||||
Registered voters/turnout | 115,184,176 | 164.54 | ||||||
Source: Election Resources, IPU |
Notes
- Brazilian Labour Party (PTB), Workers' General Party (PGT), Social Christian Party (PSC), Christian Labour Party (PTC) and Humanist Party of Solidarity(PHS).
- ^ Supporting parties in the second round: Liberal Front Party (PFL), Brazilian Progressive Party (PPB), Social Liberal Party (PSL), National Labour Party (PTN), Christian Social Democratic Party (PSDC), Brazilian Labour Renewal Party (PRTB), Social Democratic Party (PSD), Progressive Republican Party (PRP), Party of the Nation's Retirees (PAN) and Labour Party of Brazil (PTdoB).
References
- ^ "Folha Online - Brasil - Leia íntegra da carta de Lula para acalmar o mercado financeiro - 24/06/2002". www1.folha.uol.com.br. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
- ^ "José Alencar obituary". the Guardian. 2011-04-01. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
- Estadão(in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-12-04.
- ^ "Folha de S.Paulo - Eleições - 2002: Lula e Roseana têm empate técnico em 1º". www1.folha.uol.com.br. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
- ^ "Sarney candidacy in jeopardy". UPI. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
- ^ "Correio Braziliense". Archived from the original on 2002-10-17. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
- ^ "Brazil's former President Sarney declares support for Lula". MercoPress. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
- ^ "Serra visita o único estado no qual venceu Lula em 2002". Blog do Ricardo Mota (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2010-04-16. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
- ^ "Correio Braziliense". Archived from the original on 2002-10-17. Retrieved 20 April 2012.
- ^ "Eleições 2002: uma olhar sobre os presidenciáveis - Política". Estadão (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-12-04.
- ^ "FHC diz que Tasso é o mais viável para 2002 no momento - Política". Estadão (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-12-04.
- ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 2020-12-04.
- ^ "Com economia ruim, Malan seria opção do PSDB em 2002, diz analista - Política". Estadão (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-12-05.
- ^ "Paulo Renato nega candidatura à Presidência da República - Diário do Grande ABC - Notícias e informações do Grande ABC: política". Jornal Diário do Grande ABC (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-12-04.
- ^ "Com economia ruim, Malan seria opção do PSDB em 2002, diz analista - Política". Estadão (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-12-05.
- ^ "Eleições 2002: uma olhar sobre os presidenciáveis - Política". Estadão (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-12-04.
- ^ "Aécio diz que não será candidato em 2002 - Política". Estadão (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-12-04.
- ^ "Folha de S.Paulo - Rumo a 2002: Sou candidato a presidente, diz Suplicy - 09/11/2000". www1.folha.uol.com.br. Retrieved 2020-12-03.
- ^ "Suplicy treina para prévias do PT – Correio do Brasil" (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-12-04.
- ISSN 0022-216X.
- ^ "PLS 266/2001 - Senado Federal". www25.senado.leg.br. Retrieved 2020-12-03.
- ^ Matthews, Dylan (2019-10-30). "More than 50,000 people are set to get a basic income in a Brazilian city". Vox. Retrieved 2020-12-03.
- ^ "Folha de S.Paulo - Rumo a 2002: PT aposta em prévias para reforçar candidatura Lula - 07/01/2001". www1.folha.uol.com.br. Retrieved 2020-12-03.
- ^ "UOL Últimas Notícias - Lula vence prévia com folga e campanha do PT deve ganha fôlego 20/03/2002 - 18h10". noticias.uol.com.br. Retrieved 2020-12-03.
- ^ "PT pode incluir mais um em prévia para 2002 - Política". Estadão (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-12-04.
- ^ "Folha de S.Paulo - Rumo a 2002: PT aposta em prévias para reforçar candidatura Lula - 07/01/2001". www1.folha.uol.com.br. Retrieved 2020-12-03.
- ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 2020-12-03.
- ^ "Cristovam Buarque declara que votou em Brizola em 89". Carta Maior (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-12-03.
- ^ "POLITICS-BRAZIL: Workers Party Wrestles with Ideology". Inter Press Service. 1999-11-23. Retrieved 2020-12-03.
- ^ "Folha Online - Brasil - Leia íntegra do discurso de Cristovam Buarque, ministro da Educação - 03/01/2003". www1.folha.uol.com.br. Retrieved 2020-12-03.
- ^ "PT pode incluir mais um em prévia para 2002 - Política". Estadão (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-12-04.
- ^ Londrina, Folha de. "Lula faz pressão para fugir das prévias do PT". Folha de Londrina (in Portuguese). Retrieved 2020-12-04.
- ^ "Edmilson Rodrigues vence Eguchi e Psol comandará Belém". Poder360 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 2020-11-29. Retrieved 2020-12-04.