José Serra

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For the Spanish racing cyclist, see José Serra Gil.
In this Portuguese name, the first or maternal family name is Serra and the second or paternal family name is Chirico.
José Serra
Minister of Planning and Budget
In office
1 January 1995 – 30 April 1996
PresidentFernando Henrique Cardoso
Preceded byBeni Veras
Succeeded byAntônio Kandir
Member of the Chamber of Deputies
In office
1 February 1987 – 1 January 1995
ConstituencySão Paulo
Personal details
Born (1942-03-19) 19 March 1942 (age 83)
São Paulo, Brazil
Political partyPSDB (1988–present)
Other political
affiliations		PMDB (1979–88)
Spouse
Sylvia Mónica Allende
​
​
(m. 1967; div. 2013)​
Children2
Alma materUniversity of São Paulo
University of Chile
Cornell University
Signature
WebsiteOfficial website

José Serra Chirico (Portuguese pronunciation:

São Paulo state, and Minister of Foreign Affairs of Brazil
.

Early life

Serra in 1947

José Serra was born in the São Paulo neighbourhood of Mooca[1] to Francesco Serra,[2] an Italian immigrant from Corigliano Calabro, Calabria,[3] and Serafina Chirico, a Brazilian born to Italian parents.[4] Serra comes from a lower middle class family. His father was semi-illiterate and worked as a fruit vendor in a market of São Paulo, but he was able to enroll his only child in college.[5][6] In the early 1960s, he was a prominent member of the socio-political movement Ação Popular which opposed the conservative political system that existed at the time.[7]

Serra interrupted his studies in engineering at age 22 and left the country in 1964, after the coup that established the military government in Brazil.

União Nacional dos Estudantes (UNE), (National Student Union) which opposed the existing conservative regime while he was a 4th year engineering student at the Polytechnic School at the University of São Paulo
.

José Serra was in exile from 1964 to 1978 in Bolivia, France, Chile, and the United States. In Chile, he did his master's degree in Economics and taught economics at the

Princeton, NJ
.

On returning to Brazil after the political amnesty in 1978, Serra lectured in economics at the

Folha de S. Paulo
.

Political career

In 1982 he was appointed São Paulo's State Secretary for Economics and Planning under

Franco Montoro
's governorship, and became an influential secretary of Montoro's government. In 1986 and 1990 he was elected and then reelected to Congress. In 1994 he was elected Senator for the State of São Paulo with more than 6.5 million votes.

His first bid for the mayorship of the City of São Paulo came in 1988 in an election won for the

Progressive Party (PP). After another stint as minister in the federal government, Serra ran for president on behalf of the PSDB party in 2002. He was beaten by four-time candidate and PT founder Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
in the second round.

In every elections since 1988 Serra represented the

Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB). PSDB was seen as a coalition of democrats, liberals and social democrats with more centrist outlook than the leftist Workers' Party (PT) of presidents Lula da Silva and Dilma Rousseff
. Both parties have great support in São Paulo state, but the state has been governed by the PSDB since 1994.

Serra came to political prominence under Fernando Henrique Cardoso's presidency (1994–2002), when he was appointed minister of planning, and later minister of health. During Serra's tenure in the Health Ministry, the generic drug industry, which gave wider access to medicines to a poor population, and ANVISA, the Brazilian food and drug regulatory agency, were both created. All forms of tobacco advertising were banned, and cigarette packages were required to display images of smoking-related diseases.

Mayor of São Paulo

Serra was elected mayor of São Paulo in 2004, defeating incumbent Marta Suplicy in the second round. Serra created the Virada Cultural, a 24-hour cultural festival inspired by the French Nuit Blanche.[10] He also established the Bilhete Único system in the São Paulo Metro subway system.

Serra sought nomination as the PSDB candidate for president in the

Governor of São Paulo State
.

Governor Serra with Pope Benedict XVI during the latter's visit to Brazil, May 10, 2007

Controversy

See also: List of scandals in Brazil

Subway cartel

Cases of corruption and cartel formation involving José Serra are relatively old, both in Brazil and abroad.[12][13] Two interlinked controversies:

  • the so-called Alstom case,[14]
  • Collusion between companies in the construction of the
    São Paulo subway.[15]

Brazilian oil fields

Serra's campaign was supported by American oil companies such as ExxonMobil and Chevron. He secretly promised to sell the rights to Brazil's newest petroleum discoveries in the pre-salt layer to those companies, reversing the model of da Silva.[16] Serra ended state-owned oil company Petrobras' role as the chief operator of the pre-salt oil fields, which have an estimated value of three trillion dollars[17] – twice the size of Brazil's gross domestic product (GDP).[18] WikiLeaks released several documents showing that Serra promised protection to Chevron[19] in order to transfer control from Petrobras in case of election victory.[20]

Role in Brazilian politics today

Serra was the presidential candidate of the incumbent Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB) party in 2002, an election he lost to Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (Lula). In 2004, he was elected mayor of São Paulo in a run-off election with 55% of the votes after he signed a public commitment to stay in office for the full term. Nevertheless, he resigned after 15 months to run for governor of São Paulo in 2006, and was elected in the first round with almost 60% of the vote.

Serra during the annual meeting of PSDB, in which he announced his pre-candidacy, 10 April 2010.

Serra announced another run for the Brazilian presidency as the PSDB candidate in the

Socialist People's Party (PPS) and the Democrats (DEM). His primary opposition in the election was Workers' Party (PT) candidate Dilma Rousseff.[21] Serra's candidacy received support from O Estado de S. Paulo[22] and British newspaper Financial Times.[23] In the first-round voting October 3, 2010, an unexpectedly strong showing from Green Party candidate Marina Silva
forced a second round run-off election between Serra and Rousseff on October 31, 2010, which Rousseff won 56% to 44%.

In February 2012, Serra announced he would run for mayor of São Paulo, which would have resulted in his second non-consecutive term, though he had left the first one before it ended.[24] In the second round of the 2012 municipal elections he was defeated by Fernando Haddad, the Workers' Party candidate.[25]

In August 2021, Serra was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease and went in a medical leave from the Senate, returning in February 2022.[26] He later decided to run for a seat in the Chamber of Deputies after an invitation made by the Social Democracy Party.[27] Serra got 88,926 votes, placing 5th in the PSDB list, not being elected for Congress.[28]

See also

References

  1. ^ Costa, Florência (2009-11-11). "Os Brasileiros do Ano 2004 - José Serra". IstoÉ. Archived from the original on 2011-07-24. Retrieved 2010-01-26.
  2. ^ Furtado, Bernardino; Friedlander, David (2002-10-21). "SERRA. O candidato enfrentou o funil da mobilidade social, a ditadura e o exílio antes de se tornar um dos principais políticos do Brasil". Época. Archived from the original on 2006-05-15. Retrieved 2009-08-22.
  3. ^ Veja São Paulo (2004-10-27). "Tenho mais medo de inveja do que de colesterol alto". Archived from the original on 2011-06-15. Retrieved 2009-08-22.
  4. ^ Folha Online (10 February 2006). "TRE-SP confirma vitória de Serra no 1º turno". Retrieved 2009-08-22.
  5. ^ "Serra agarra a sua chance". Archived from the original on 2003-05-02. Retrieved 2010-08-28.
  6. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2006-05-15. Retrieved 2010-06-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  7. ^ See http://ultimosegundo.ig.com.br/jose-serra/4f8897b2a076935111000191.html
  8. ISBN 978-85-01-05494-4
    .
  9. ^ "Cornell Masters' Thesis for José Serra?". Cornell University. Retrieved 9 August 2010.
  10. ^ "Virada Cultural Paulista: diversão para todo o Estado" (in Portuguese). Government of the State of São Paulo. Archived from the original on April 29, 2010. Retrieved 9 May 2010.
  11. ^ Faria, Thiago (22 October 2008). "'Não votem em mim se eu sair candidato,' diz Kassab sobre eleições 2010" (in Portuguese).
    Folha Online
    . Retrieved 9 May 2010.
  12. ^ In August 2012, at the start of the trial of Criminal Case 470, the lawyer Márcio Thomaz Bastos put by Axmovatcoo on Tuesday, May 20, 2014 Published by "HTCAM"
  13. ^ (in Portuguese)Serra sugeriu acordo em licitação, diz executivo da Siemens by "CartaCapital" (2013)
  14. ^ THE FRENCH CONNECTION: Did Alstom Bribe like Siemens? by Jürgen Dahlkamp, Jörg Schmitt and Stefan Simons. Spiegel Online International, 7 de janeiro de 2008.
  15. ^ Now Is the Opposition's Turn to Get Involved in a Corruption Scandal in Brazil Archived 2016-04-07 at the Wayback Machine by "Mercosur", published in "Brazzil" (2013)
  16. ^ Brazil's oil reserves for sale by Serra by SLKRR (2010)
  17. ^ (in Portuguese) Ações da Petrobras caem mesmo com fim da participação obrigatória no pré-sal by Wellton Máximo, published in "Agência Brasil" (2016)
  18. ^ GIVING BRAZIL AWAY: DILMA COMPROMISES ON NATIONAL TREASURES TO EASE PRESSURE FROM OPPOSITION by Pedro Marin in "Global Independent Analytics" (2016)
  19. ^ CIA directed Coup underway in Brazil by "Macedonian International News Agency" (2016)
  20. ^ (in French) Contre un putsch politico-médiatico-judiciaire au Brésil by "émoire des luttes" (2016)
  21. ^ "Jose Serra launches bid to be Brazil's next president". BBC News. 2010-04-11. Retrieved 2010-04-13.
  22. ^ "Editorial: O mal a evitar". O Estado de S. Paulo (in Portuguese). 25 September 2010. Retrieved 27 October 2010.
  23. ^ "Brazil's testy election race". FT.com. 26 October 2010. Retrieved 27 October 2010. If only to interrupt this relationship with power, Mr Serra is the better choice for Brazil.
  24. ^ "No Twitter, Serra anuncia que disputará candidatura à Prefeitura de SP". Estadão.com (in Portuguese). 27 February 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2012.
  25. ^ "Fernando Haddad wins Sao Paulo for Brazil Workers' Party". BBC News. 2012-10-29. Retrieved 2013-03-03.
  26. ^ "Após diagnóstico de Parkinson, Serra pede licença e José Aníbal assume mandato". Senado Notícias (in Brazilian Portuguese). 10 August 2021. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  27. ^ Zanini, Fábio (7 March 2022). "José Serra aceita convite do PSDB e será candidato a deputado federal". Folha de S. Paulo (in Brazilian Portuguese). Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  28. ^ "Eduardo Cunha, José Serra e Joice Hasselmann não conseguem se eleger". G1 (in Brazilian Portuguese). 3 October 2022. Retrieved 10 December 2023.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to José Serra.
Political offices
Preceded by
Carlos Albuquerque
 Minister of Health
1998–2002 		Succeeded by
Barjas Negri
Preceded by Mayor of São Paulo
2005–2006 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Governor of São Paulo

2007–2010 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister of Foreign Affairs
2016–2017 		Succeeded by
Party political offices
Preceded by
2010
 Succeeded by
Preceded by Succeeded by
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