British Aerospace Hawk 200
This article's lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points. (February 2024) |
Hawk 200 | |
---|---|
RMAF BAE Hawk 208 | |
Role | Light multirole fighter |
Manufacturer | British Aerospace |
First flight | 19 May 1986 |
Introduction | 1986 |
Status | In service |
Primary users | Indonesian Air Force Royal Malaysian Air Force Royal Air Force of Oman |
Produced | 1990-2002[1] |
Number built | 62 |
Developed from | BAE Systems Hawk |
The British Aerospace Hawk 200 is a single-seat, single engine
Development
In 1984, British Aerospace (now BAE Systems) decided to pursue development of a combat-orientated variant of the Hawk aircraft, designated as Hawk 200; up to this point the Hawk family had been typically employed by operators as an advanced trainer with secondary combat capabilities. A single flying demonstrator aircraft was produced to support the development process. This made its first flight on 19 May 1986.[2]
Less than two months after first taking flight, the Hawk 200 demonstrator was lost in a fatal accident at Dunsfold Aerodrome, killing BAe test pilot Jim Hawkins; Hawkins is alleged to have either become disoriented or to have fallen unconscious, due to g-LOC (g induced loss of consciousness), while executing high-g manoeuvres to explore the aircraft's agility.[citation needed]
Despite the loss of the demonstrator, the company decided to proceed with the Hawk 200; by 1987, the first pre-production samples were being manufactured. In 1990, the Hawk 200 received its first order when Oman opted to procure a batch of twelve Hawk 203s, all of which were delivered by 1993.[1]
Design
Overview
The Hawk 200 is a single-seat, single engine
Weapons
The Hawk 200 has 7 external store points with four underwing pylons, an under-fuselage pylon, and wingtip air-to-air missile stations. The range of external stores which the aircraft can carry includes
The Hawk 200 can launch many
Sensors
The Hawk 200 is equipped with a Northrop Grumman
The AN/APG-66 radar is a
Cockpit
The pilot has a hands-on throttle and stick (HOTAS) control system and a wide-field-of-view head-up display (HUD). Using the weapon control panel, which controls the stores management system, the pilot can select the weapons and release mode prior to initiating an attack.
As in all other modernised Hawks, the Hawk 200's all-glass cockpit has a
Engine
The Hawk 200 was originally powered by an Adour 871 two shaft, low bypass ratio turbofan engine from Rolls-Royce Turbomeca, providing the aircraft with 26.00 kN of thrust. In 2005, the Adour 951 engine was certified for use on the Hawk 200. The improved Adour 951 has improved performance (rated at 29.00 kN (6,520 lbf) thrust) and has up to twice the service life of the Adour Mk 871. It features an all-new fan and combustor, revised HP and LP turbines, and introduces Full Authority Digital Engine Control (FADEC).
Both engines are non-
Operational history
Malaysia
On 5 March 2013, amidst the
The Hawk 208s flew 15
Variants
- Hawk 203
- Export version for the Royal Air Force of Oman
- Hawk 205
- Proposed export version for the Royal Saudi Air Force
- Hawk 208
- Export version for the Royal Malaysian Air Force. It was the first Hawk 200 to be sold with an Air Refueling Probe
- Hawk 209
- Export version for the Indonesian Air Force
Operators
Operator figures from flightglobal[1]
- Indonesian Air Force – 22 in active service[citation needed]
- No. 1 Air Squadron
- No. 12 Air Squadron
- Royal Malaysian Air Force – 13 aircraft left operational from an original of 18[citation needed]
- No. 6 Squadron
- No. 15 Squadron
- Royal Air Force of Oman – 11 aircraft left operational from an original of 12[citation needed]
- No. 6 Squadron
Notable accidents
- On 15 June 2020, an Indonesian Air Force Hawk 209 jet fighter crashed in a residential area of Kampar, Riau. The pilot, First Lt. Apriyanto, was able to eject himself and survived the accident. He was subsequently examined at Dr. Soekirman Air Force Hospital in Pekanbaru.[11]
Specifications
Data from [12]
General characteristics
- Crew: 1
- Length: 11.38 m (37 ft 4 in)
- Wingspan: 9.39 m (30 ft 10 in)
- Height: 4.16 m (13 ft 8 in)
- Wing area: 16.69 m2 (179.6 sq ft)
- Aspect ratio: 5.3
- Empty weight: 4,128 kg (9,101 lb)
- Max takeoff weight: 9,101 kg (20,064 lb)
- Fuel capacity: 1,360 kg (3,000 lb) internal: 3,210 kg (7,080 lb) with 3 drop tanks
- Powerplant: 1 × Rolls-Royce Turbomeca Adour Mk 871non-afterburning turbofan, 26 kN (5,800 lbf) thrust
Performance
- Maximum speed: 1,037 km/h (644 mph, 560 kn) at sea level
- Maximum speed: Mach 1.2 (never exceed at altitude)
- Cruise speed: 796 km/h (495 mph, 430 kn) at 12,500 m (41,000 ft)
- Stall speed: 197 km/h (122 mph, 106 kn) flaps down
- Range: 892 km (554 mi, 482 nmi) internal fuel only
- Combat range: 617 km (383 mi, 333 nmi) with 3x Sea Eagle and 2x 592 L (156 US gal; 130 imp gal)
- Ferry range: 1,950 km (1,210 mi, 1,050 nmi) with 3 drop tanks
- Service ceiling: 15,250 m (50,030 ft)
- g limits: +8 -3
- Rate of climb: 58.466 m/s (11,509.1 ft/min)
- Takeoff distance with maximum weapon load: 2,134 m (7,001 ft)
- Landing distance at maximum landing weight with brake chute: 854 m (2,802 ft)
- Landing distance at maximum landing weight without brake chute: 1,250 m (4,100 ft)
Armament
- Guns: 1 × 30 mm (1.181 in) Aden cannon with 120 rounds
- Hardpoints: Total of 7: 4 × under-wing; and 1 × under-fuselage; and 2 × wingtip , with provisions to carry combinations of:
- Other:
- Reconnaissance pod
- Up to 3 drop tanks for ferry flight or extended range/loitering time
- Other:
- Rockets:
- Missiles:
- Bombs:
- Mark 82 bomb
- Mark 83 bomb
- Paveway II
- BL755 cluster bomb
Avionics
See also
Related development
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration, and era
- Aero L-159 Alca
- KAI T-50 Golden Eagle
References
- ^ a b c d e "Fighter-planes". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 21 March 2015.[verification needed]
- ISBN 0-7106-2537-5.
- ^ "FoxtrotAlpha". 27 June 2014. Archived from the original on 20 March 2015. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
- ^ "Hawk 200 faces a tougher market". New Scientist (1516). Reed Business Information: 28. 10 July 1986. Archived from the original on 12 April 2018. Retrieved 1 July 2019.
- ^ a b c "Airforce-technology". Archived from the original on 21 March 2015. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
- ^ a b "British Aerospace Hawk 100 & 200". MilitaryAviation.eu. Archived from the original on 14 February 2015. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
- ^ "FlightGlobal". Archived from the original on 6 October 2014. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
- ^ "Security forces stay on full alert". The New Straits Times. 6 March 2013. Archived from the original on 29 October 2013. Retrieved 6 March 2013.
- ^ "MalaysianMilitary". Archived from the original on 2 April 2015. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
- ^ "smh.com". 5 March 2013. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 21 March 2015.
- ^ "Indonesian Air Force Hawk 209 jet fighter crashes in residential area of Riau", The Jakarta Post, 15 June 2020, retrieved 16 June 2020
- ISBN 0-7106-0867-5.