Bubalus
Bubalus | |
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Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Mammalia |
Order: | Artiodactyla |
Family: | Bovidae |
Subfamily: | Bovinae |
Subtribe: | Bubalina |
Genus: | Bubalus C. H. Smith, 1827 |
Type species | |
Bos bubalis Linnaeus, 1758
| |
Species | |
|
Bubalus is a
genus of Asiatic bovines that was proposed by Charles Hamilton Smith in 1827. Bubalus and Syncerus form the subtribe Bubalina
, the true buffaloes.
The
classification of domestic animals as species, subspecies, races or breeds has been discussed controversially for many years and was inconsistent between authors.[1] Assessors of the Food and Agriculture Organization consider domestic water buffalo populations as breeds.[2]
Bubalus species comprise the domestic water buffalo (B. bubalis), the wild water buffalo (B. arnee), the tamaraw (B. mindorensis), the lowland anoa (B. depressicornis), and the mountain anoa (B. quarlesi).[3] The latter two anoa species were proposed to form a subgenus Anoa within Bubalus.[4]
Characteristics
Smith described Bubalus as low in proportion to the bulk with very solid limbs, a small
mammae.[5] Lydekker added that the line of back is nearly straight with 13 pairs of ribs; the tail is tufted and reaching about to the hocks; the horns are more or less markedly triangular for the greater part of their length and situated low down on the skull; the muzzle is broad, and the hair sparse in adults.[6]
Species
This genus comprises the following living species:[7]
Image | Scientific name | Distribution |
---|---|---|
Domestic water buffalo B. bubalis Linnaeus, 1758 | Domestic in the Indian subcontinent, Southeast Asia, and China; feral populations exist in South America and Australia | |
Wild water buffalo B. arnee Kerr, 1792 | Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia | |
Lowland anoa B. depressicornis Smith, 1827 | Sulawesi in Indonesia | |
Tamaraw B. mindorensis Heude, 1888 | Mindoro in the Philippines | |
Mountain anoa B. quarlesi Ouwens, 1910 | Sulawesi |
Valid names
The 2013 checklist of the
binomina
in the genus Bubalus:
- Bubalus bubalis Linnaeus, 1758
- Bubalus depressicornis Smith, 1827
- Bubalus mephistopheles Hopwood, 1925
- Bubalus mindorensis Heude, 1888
- Bubalus quarlesi Ouwens, 1910
Bubalus arnee is not listed here.[8]
The Integrated Taxonomic Information System lists the same five species binomina as valid; it also lists as valid six subspecies of Bubalus bubalis:[9]
- Bubalus bubalis arnee Kerr, 1792
- Bubalus bubalis bubalis Linnaeus, 1758
- Bubalus bubalis fulvus Blanford, 1891
- Bubalus bubalis kerabau Fitzinger, 1860
- Bubalus bubalis migona Deraniyagala, 1952
- Bubalus bubalis theerapati Groves, 1996
Fossil species
The following
extinct fossil
species have been described:
- Bubalus brevicornis - Young, 1936
- Bubalus cebuensis (Cebu tamaraw) - Croft, Heaney, Flynn and Bautista, 2006[10]
- Bubalus fudi - Guo, 2008 - (possibly a subspecies of Bubalus wansijocki)
- Bubalus grovesi - Rozzi, 2017[11]
- Bubalus mephistopheles (Short-horned water buffalo) - Hopwood, 1925[12]
- Bubalus murrensis (European water buffalo) - Berckhemer, 1927[13]
- Bubalus palaeokerabau (Long-horned Javan water buffalo) - E. Dubois, 1908[14]
- Bubalus platyceros - Lydekker, 1877
- Bubalus teilhardi - Young, 1932
- Bubalus wansijocki - Chardin, 1928
- Bubalus youngi - Chow and Hsu, 1957
See also
References
- (PDF) from the original on 2022-10-09.
- ^ FAO (2013). Breeds from species: Buffalo. Domestic Animal Diversity Information System, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
- PMID 33335917.
- ]
- ^ Smith, C. H. (1827). "Sub-genus I. Bubalus". In Griffith, E. (ed.). The animal kingdom arranged in conformity with its organization. Class Mammalia, Volume 5. London: Geo. B. Whittaker. pp. 371–373.
- ^ Lydekker, R. (1913). "Subgenus Bubalus". Catalogue of the ungulate mammals in the British Museum (Natural History). London: British Museum (Natural History). p. 40.
- ISBN 978-1421400938.
- ^ Roskov Y., Kunze T., Paglinawan L., Orrell T., Nicolson D., Culham A., Bailly N., Kirk P., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Hernandez F., De Wever A., eds (2013). Bubalus. Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life, 2013 Annual Checklist. Reading, UK.
- ^ ITIS Results of: Search in every Kingdom for Scientific Name containing 'Bubalus' Archived March 12, 2009, at the Wayback Machine. Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Accessed january 2014.
- ^ Croft, D. A., Heaney, L. R., Flynn, J. J., Bautista, A. P. (2006). Fossil remains of a new, diminutive Bubalus (Artiodactyla: Bovidae: Bovini) from Cebu island, Philippines. Journal of Mammalogy 87(#5): 1037–1051.
- .
- .
- ^ Schreiber, H. D., Munk, W. (2002). A skull fragment of Bubalus murrensis (Berckhemer, 1927) (Mammalia, Bovinae) from the Pleistocene of Bruchsal-Buchenau (NE-Karlsruhe, SW-Germany). Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie (12): 737–748.
- ^ "Fossilworks: Bubalus palaeokerabau".