Chandler Bridge Formation

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Coordinates: 32°48′N 79°48′W / 32.8°N 79.8°W / 32.8; -79.8
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Chandler Bridge Formation
Ma
↓
Type
Chandler Bridge
Chandler Bridge Formation is located in the United States
Chandler Bridge Formation
Chandler Bridge Formation (the United States)
Chandler Bridge Formation is located in South Carolina
Chandler Bridge Formation

The Chandler Bridge Formation is a

period, corresponding to the Arikareean in the NALMA classification.[1] The formation overlies the Ashley Formation and is overlain by the Edisto Formation.[2]

Vertebrate paleofauna

Mammals

Carnivorans

Carnivorans reported from the Chandler Bridge Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Phocidae
 Gen. et. sp. indeterminate Proximal portion of a right femur (ChM PV5712).[3] "A taxon closely comparable to the most specialized
Cystophora
".

Cetaceans

Cetaceans
reported from the Chandler Bridge Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Agorophiidae
 Upper sandy unit.[4] Referred to as Genus Y.
Agorophius A. sp. "ChM PV 4256 (a partial skull and mandible with isolated teeth and associated postcrania)".[5] An
odontocete
.
Ankylorhiza A. tiedemani Partial skeleton (CCNHM 103).[6] An
odontocete also found in the Ashley and Belgrade
formations.
Coronodon C. newtonorum A manmade exposure in the vicinity of North Charleston, South Carolina.[7] Partial skeleton (ChM PV 2778).[7] A toothed
mysticete
.
C. planifrons Drainage ditch in North Charleston, South Carolina.[7] Partial skeleton (CCNHM 166) & isolated upper right M3 (CCNHM 8732).[7] A toothed
mysticete
.
Cotylocara C. macei [8] A xenorophid.
Echovenator E. sandersi "Drainage ditch associated with Limehouse Branch Creek, Berkeley County, South Carolina".[9] A nearly-complete skull.[9] A xenorophid.
Eomysticetus E. carolinensis Bed 2.[10] A
mysticete
.
E whitmorei Bed 3, uppermost portion of the formation.[10] A
mysticete
.
cf. Eurhinodelphinidae Upper sandy unit.[4]
cf. Squalodelphinidae Upper sandy unit.[4]
Squalodon A premolar (BCGM 9198).[11]

Sirenians

Sirenians reported from the Chandler Bridge Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Crenatosiren C. olseni [12] A dugongid also known from the Ashley and Parachucla formations.
Metaxytherium M. albifontanum Remains of a subadult individual (SC 89.115) and a young adult individual (ChM PV4757).[13] A dugongid also found in the Parachucla Formation.
Priscosiren P. atlantica SC 89.254.[14] A dugongid.
Stegosiren S. macei [15] A dugongid also found in the Ashley Formation.

Reptiles

Birds

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon
Ootaxon
Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
Birds reported from the Chandler Bridge Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Palaeochenoides P. mioceanus Distal end of a tarsometatarsus.[16] A dubious pelagornithid, may instead be from the Cooper Formation.
Pelagornis
P. sandersi
 		Bed 2 near
Charleston Airport.[17]
 A pelagornithid.
Sulidae Upper sandy unit.[4]
Tympanonesiotes T. wetmorei A very fragmentary piece of tarsometatarsus.[16] A dubious pelagornithid, may instead be from the Cooper Formation.

Crocodilians

Crocodilians
reported from the Chandler Bridge Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Gavialosuchus G. carolinensis A tooth (BCGM 9197).[11] Now moved to the genus Thecachampsa.[18]
Thecachampsa T. carolinensis A tooth (BCGM 9197).[11] A gavialid.

Testudines

Testudines
reported from the Chandler Bridge Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Ashleychelys A. palmeri Multiple specimens.[19] A cheloniid also found in the Ashley Formation.
Bairdemys B. healeyorum A largely complete skeleton and a partial anterior carapace.[20] A podocnemid.
Carolinochelys C. wilsoni Upper sandy unit.[4] Multiple specimens.[19] A cheloniid.
cf. Egyptemys cf. E. sp. Bed 1.[21] CCNHM 4289 (a ridged carapacial ossicle).[21] A dermochelyid.
Natemys N. sp. 1 CCNHM 4405.1–4405.5 (five associated non-ridged carapacial ossicles); CCNHM 5540, 5541, and 5542 (three non-ridged carapacial ossicles).[21] A dermochelyid, also known from the Ashley Formation.
Procolpochelys P. charlestonensis ChM PV6056 (a largely complete carapace associated with a few fragmentary vertebrae, pectoral girdle elements, humerus, and femur) and a skull fragment.[19] A cheloniid.
cf. Psephophorus cf. P. sp. Bed 1.[21] CCNHM 5543 (an isolated ridged ossicle).[21] A dermochelyid, also found in the Ashley Formation.

Fish

Bony fish

Color key
Taxon Reclassified taxon Taxon falsely reported as present Dubious taxon or junior synonym Ichnotaxon
Ootaxon
Morphotaxon
Notes
Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; crossed out taxa are discredited.
Bony Fish
reported from the Chandler Bridge Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Aglyptorhynchus A. sp. 2 isolated vertebral centra.[11]
Cylindracanthus C. sp. Upper sandy unit.[4] A billfish.
Histiophorus H. rotundus ChM PV4864.[22] A swordfish, now reassigned to Xiphiorhynchus.[22]
Xiphiorhynchus X. cf. X. aegyptiacus "McKewn Subdivision, North Charleston, Dorchester County, South Carolina".[4] A partial rostrum.[4] A swordfish.
X. rotundus ChM PV4864.[22] A swordfish.

Rays

Rays
reported from the Chandler Bridge Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Anoxypristis
 		A single rostral spine.[11] A sawfish.
Dasyatidae
 Dasyatidae gen. et. sp. indet. Teeth (BCGM 9100 and 9101, SC 2009.18.19).[11] A stingray.
Dasyatis D. cavernosa Teeth (BCGM 9096, 9097, and 9103, SC 2009.18.17).[11] A stingray.
D. rugosa BCGM 9098 and 9099, SC 2009.18.18.[11] A stingray.
Gymnura
 		G. sp. A tooth (BCGM 9107).[11] A butterfly ray.
Mobula M. cf. M. loupianensis BCGM 9133–9142, SC 2009.18.20.[11]
Myliobatinae
 Myliobatinae gen. indet. Partial medial teeth and complete lateral teeth (BCGM 9114–9117, SC 2009.18.22).[11] An eagle ray.
Paramobula P. fragilis Teeth (BCGM 9111–9113, SC 2009.18.21).[11]
Plinthicus P. stenodon Upper sandy unit.[4] BCGM 9118–9121, SC 2009.18.23[11] The oldest record of this species.
Raja Raja mccollumi "Summerville, Dorchester County, South Carolina".[11] Teeth.[11] A skate also found in the Ashley Formation.
R. sp. Teeth (BCGM 9087–9089, SC 2009.18.16).[11] A skate with teeth twice as large as those of R. mccollumi, but far less common.[11]
Rhinoptera R. cf. R. studeri Teeth (BCGM 9122 and 9123, SC 2009.18.24).[11] A cownose ray.
R. sp. Upper sandy unit.[4] A cownose ray.
Rhynchobatus R. pristinus Teeth (BCGM 9084–9086, SC 2009.18.14).[11] A wedgefish.

Sharks

Sharks reported from the Chandler Bridge Formation
Genus Species Presence Material Notes Images
Alopias
 		A. cf.
A. vulpinus
 		Teeth (BCGM 9046–9048, SC 2009.18.3).[11] A thresher shark.
Bythaelurus B. sp. A fragmentary tooth (BCGM 9074).[11] A catshark.
Carcharias C. cuspidatus Teeth (BCGM 9051 and 9052).[11] A sand shark.
C. sp. A posterior tooth (BCGM 9053) and a lateral tooth from a very young individual (BCGM 9054).[11] A sand shark.
Carcharhinus C. gibbesi BCGM 9056–9062, SC 2009.18.6.[11] The most abundant non-batoid elasmobranch in the Chandler Bridge sample.[11]
C. leucas
 		Upper sandy unit.[4] The bull shark.
Carcharocles
C. angustidens
 		Upper sandy unit.[4] Teeth.[23] Reassigned to the genus Otodus.
C. sp. Teeth (BCGM 9055, SC 2009.18.5).[11] Reassigned to the genus Otodus.
Cetorhinus
 		?C. parvus Scales (BCGM 9049 and 9050, SC 2009.18.4).[11] A basking shark.
Galeocerdo G. 'casei' Upper sandy unit.[4]
Galeorhinus
 		G. sp. Teeth (BCGM 9080–9083, SC 2009.18.13).[11] A houndshark.
Hemipristis H. serra Teeth (BCGM 9071–9073, SC 2009.18.10).[11] A
weasel shark
.
Nebrius N. cf. N. serra A tooth (SC 2009.18.1).[11] A
nurse shark
.
Otodus O. angustidens Upper sandy unit.[4] Teeth.[23] Assemblages dominated by teeth of juveniles and neonates, with few adults present, suggesting a nursery area for the species.[23]
O. sp. Teeth (BCGM 9055, SC 2009.18.5).[11] A
megatooth shark
.
Physogaleus P. aduncus Teeth (BCGM 9063–9066, SC 2009.18.7).[11] A
ground shark
.
P. contortus Upper sandy unit.[4] A
ground shark
.
P. sp. Broken and/or abraded teeth (BCGM 9067 and 9068, SC 2009.18.8).[11] A
ground shark
.
Rhincodon
 		R. cf.
R. typus
 		Teeth (BCGM 9044 and 9045, SC 2009.18.2).[11] The oldest fossil record of the whale shark.
Rhizoprionodon R. sp. Small, imperfectly preserved teeth (BCGM 9069 and 9070, SC 2009.18.9).[11] A
sharpnose shark
.
Sphyrna S. cf.
S. media
 		BCGM 9075–9077, SC 2009.18.11.[11] A hammerhead shark.
S. zygaena
 		BCGM 9078 and 9079, SC 2009.18.12.[11] The more common of the two hammerhead shark species found in the formation.[11]
Squatina
 		S. cf. S. angeloides BCGM 9042 and 9043.[11] An angelshark.

See also

References

  1. ^ Chandler Bridge Formation at Fossilworks.org
  2. ^ Albright et al., 2019, p.84
  3. OCLC 1035595001.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )
  4. ^
    S2CID 225527250
    .
  5. PMID 30280011
    .
  6. S2CID 220435400
    .
  7. ^
    doi:10.7717/peerj.14795
    .
  8. S2CID 4457391
    .
  9. ^
    S2CID 3944589
    .
  10. ^ a b Sanders, A. E.; Barnes, L. G. (2002-09-14). "Paleontology of the late Oligocene Ashley and Chandler Bridge Formations of South Carolina, 3 Eomysticetidae, a new family of primitive mysticetes". Smithsonian Contributions to. Paleobiology. (93): 313–356.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am "Late Oligocene sharks and rays from the Chandler Bridge Formation, Dorchester County, South Carolina, USA - Acta Palaeontologica Polonica". www.app.pan.pl. Retrieved 2022-09-06.
  12. ISSN 0272-4634
    .
  13. S2CID 86498351
    .
  14. S2CID 85297028
    .
  15. S2CID 203407242
    .
  16. ^
    ISBN 0-12-249408-3
    .
  17. PMID 25002475
    .
  18. OCLC 631972719
    .
  19. ^
    S2CID 128543145
    .
  20. OCLC 1107732024.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link
    )
  21. ^
    S2CID 229663826
    .
  22. ^
    S2CID 131173294
    .
  23. ^
    doi:10.26879/1148
    .

Bibliography
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