Chaseabout Raid
Chaseabout Raid | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Part of French Wars of Religion | |||||||
The 1st Earl of Moray. | |||||||
| |||||||
Belligerents | |||||||
Scottish Government | Protestant rebels | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Mary, Queen of Scots | Earl of Moray | ||||||
Strength | |||||||
Unknown | Unknown | ||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||
Unknown | Unknown |
The Chaseabout Raid was a rebellion by
Background
There were fears that her marriage to Darnley signaled a return to
Moray's faction of nobles and lairds now included the
The English politician William Cecil gave a summary of the causes and situation in a letter:
In the mean time, troubles arise there betwixt her and the Earl of Moray and others being friendly to the common amity of both the realms; whereunto for sundry respects it seemeth convenient for us to have regard. The Duke, the Earls of Argyll, Moray, and Rothes with sundry barons are joined together, not to allow of the mariage otherwise than to have the Religion established by law, but the Queen refuseth in this sort, she will not suffer it to have the force of law, but of permission to every man to live according to his conscience; and herewith she hath retained a great number of Protestants from association openly with the other. She hath sent for the Earl Moray, but the mistrust is so far entered on both sides, that I think it will fall to an evil end, for she hath put the Earl of Moray to the horn (outlawed him) and prohibited all persons to aid him. Nevertheless, the Duke, the Earls of Argyll and Rothes are together with him.[5]
Uprising
The rebels gathered in Ayrshire. Both sides needed money to support their troops in the field. Nicolas Elphinstone is said to have obtained £10,000 from England for the rebels. An English diplomat, John Tamworth, brought money which was delivered to the Countess of Moray.[6] Mary tried to pawn some of her jewels in Edinburgh for 2,000 English marks, but no-one would lend this sum.[7] Mary spoke to the rich burgesses of Edinburgh, asking for loans to crush the rebellion. Six leading merchants were imprisoned till they obliged.[8]
Mary discussed her response to the rebellion with
The
Thomas Randolph heard, but was sceptical, that Mary herself carried a pistol in her hand near while riding near Hamilton. Only one of one her ladies in waiting followed her. Darnley wore a "gylte corslet", while the rest of the army wore jacks which were usual worn in Scotland.[14] In York, Thomas Gargrave heard that Mary's forces had "500 hagbushes (hand-guns) and certain field peices: the others hath neither shot nor ordinance, nor any better holds than their dwelling houses".[15]
The rebels left Hamilton, and Mary's force, nearby, turned to follow them and in stormy weather several of her followers were drowned in a flood on the way to
The rebel lords left Edinburgh. Mary came back to Edinburgh from Glasgow in early September and retired to
The English ship, The Aide captained by Anthony Jenkinson arrived in the Forth on 25 September,[20] but was bombarded by the cannon on Inchkeith and returned to Berwick-upon-Tweed. Jenkynson intended to prevent Lord Seton bringing more munitions for Mary from France.[21] Tents, called "palyeonis" in the Scots language, were sent from Edinburgh to Mary's troops in Nithsdale and Annandale.[22] Moray failed to gather significant support and the rebellion was easily crushed by Mary, forcing Moray to flee.[23]
This was a victory for Mary, although she had not confronted and defeated the rebels forces. on 19 October, Randolph described her return to Edinburgh, the "Queen is nowe retorned from her paynefull and greate jornaye. She roode farre with great expedition, myche troble of the whole countrie, and found not them whome she soughte, when she cam to her jornies ende".[24]
Moray in England
Most of the rebels including Moray and
Moray had hoped his pregnant wife Agnes Keith would join him in England, sailing in Charles Wilson's ship. She stayed in St Andrews, and had their eldest daughter, Elizabeth, later Countess of Moray.[26]
It was said that Mary and Darnley's relationship decayed after the Chaseabout Raid, or "Journey of Dumfreis". Darnley became jealous of David Rizzio who had a role in brokering pardons for the rebels,[27] including Moray.[28]
Elizabeth told Moray that "itt were no Prince's part to think well of your doinges, ... and, she wolde putt allso her helping hande too make them to understand the dutye which the subject owght to bear towarddes the Prynce." Moray declared he had not intended anything to the danger of Mary's person.[29]
Moray stayed in England at Newcastle over the winter and returned to Scotland on 10 March 1566. Mary had summoned him for trial, and David Rizzio had just been murdered. Moray was reconciled with Mary and back on the Scottish Privy Council by 29 April 1566.[30]
Complaints against Mary
The rebels at Dumfries justified their cause by listing their complaints against Mary and her rule, which were sent to England in the hope of gaining recognition and support. These included specific details of the finance of the Church of Scotland, and were, in summary;[31]
- Mary and Darnley plan to reinstate the Catholicreligion.
- Inadequate and corrupt men were given positions in the Kirk.
- Church lands were sold with permissions from Rome.
- complaints about the process and effects of Mary's marriage.
- the status of Darnley as king.
- Improper diversion of funds from the patrimony of the church, (Thirds of benefices.)
- the deprivation of 42 men by the Sheriff of Ayr as rebels.
- the employment of foreigners at court including the two Italians David Riccio, Francisco de Busso, and Mr Foularthe Englishman. Lord Darnley, now King, is also a foreigner.
See also
References
- ^ Michael Questier, Dynastic Politics and the British Reformations, 1558-1630 (Oxford, 2019), p. 54.
- ^ Jane E. A. Dawson, 'Mary Queen of Scots, Lord Darnley, and Anglo-Scottish Relations in 1565', International History Review, 8:1 (February 1986), pp. 12-13.
- ^ Jenny Wormald, Mary, Queen of Scots: Politics, Passion and a Kingdom Lost (London, 2001), p. 154.
- ^ Joseph Bain, Calendar State Papers Scotland, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), pp. 179, 190, 193.
- ^ Henry Ellis, Original letters, Series 2 vol. 2 (London, 1827), pp. 298-9 modernised here.
- ^ David Laing, History of the Reformation by John Knox, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1848), p. 496
- ^ Joseph Bain, Calendar State Papers Scotland: 1563–1569, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), p. 223.
- ^ Julian Goodare, State and Society in Early Modern Scotland (Oxford, 1999), p. 102.
- ^ John Guy, The Life of Mary Queen of Scots (Fourth Estate, 2009), pp. 234–236: Alexandre Teulet, Relations Politiques, 2 (Paris, 1862), pp. 245–258
- ^ Joseph Bain, Calendar State Papers Scotland, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), pp. 197-8 no. 237
- ^ James David Marwick, Extracts from the Records of the Burgh of Edinburgh: 1557-1571 (Edinburgh, 1875), p. 228.
- ^ Joseph Bain, Calendar State Papers Scotland, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), pp. 198, 203.
- ^ Alexandre Labanoff, Lettres inédites de Marie Stuart (Paris, 1839), pp. 303-305.
- ^ Joseph Bain, Calendar State Papers Scotland, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), p. 202.
- ^ Edmund Lodge, Illustrations of British History, vol. 1 (London, 1791), p. 355.
- ^ David Laing, History of the Reformation by John Knox, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1848), pp. 500-1.
- ^ Calendar State Papers Scotland, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), pp. 198-201.
- ^ Joseph Bain, Calendar State Papers Scotland, vol. 1 (Edinburgh, 1905), pp. 202-5.
- ^ Calendar State Papers Scotland, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), pp. 202-212, 217
- ^ Alexandre Teulet, Relations Politiques, 2 (Paris, 1862), p. 240
- ^ Calendar of State Papers Scotland, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), pp. 220-1.
- ^ Exchequer Rolls of Scotland, vol. 19 (Edinburgh, 1898), p. 349.
- ^ http://www.marie-stuart.co.uk/timeline.htm - details the campaign.
- ^ Thomas Finlay Henderson, Mary, Queen of Scots, her environment and tragedy, a biography, 1 (London, 1905), p. 353
- ^ David Loades, Tudor Queens (Continuum, 2009), p. 169.
- ^ Calendar State Papers Scotland, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), p. 284: Edward Delmar Morgan, Charles Henry Coote, Early voyages and travels to Russia and Persia, by Anthony Jenkinson and other Englishmen (London, 1886), pp. 169-70, 174
- ^ Thomas Finlayson Henderson, Mary, Queen of Scots: Her Environment and Tragedy, 2 (New York, 1905), p. 654
- ^ David Hay Fleming, Mary Queen of Scots (London, 1897), p. 382 citing the Memoir of William Douglas of Lochleven.
- ^ Calendar State Papers Scotland, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), pp. 227-8, 231
- ^ Jenny Wormald, Mary, Queen of Scots (Tauris Parke, 2001), pp. 157-8, 162-3
- ^ CSP Scotland, vol. 2 (Edinburgh, 1900), pp. 212-3, 219, (19 & 22 September 1565)
Further reading
- Fraser, Antonia, Mary Queen of Scots, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, London (1969), pp. 233–236.
- Wormald, Jenny, Mary, Queen of Scots, Tauris Parke, London (2001), pp. 153–159.