CD single

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(Redirected from
Compact Disc single
)
B-side
): "New Divide (Live)".

A CD single is a

digital downloaded singles and CD albums.[2][3]

Commercially released CD singles can vary in length from two songs (an

12-inch vinyl singles, and in some cases, they may also contain a music video for the single itself (this is an enhanced CD) as well as occasionally a poster
. Depending on the nation, there may be limits on the number of songs and total length for sales to count in singles charts.

History and sales

Full-size CD singles were normally packaged in slimmer jewel cases (labeled here as '2') as compared to CD albums (labeled here as '1')

The

Mini CD single CD3 format was originally created for use for singles in the late 1980s, but met with limited success, particularly in the US.[4] The smaller CDs were more successful in Japan[5] and had a resurgence in Europe early this century, marketed as "Pock it" CDs, being small enough to fit in a shirt pocket. By 1989, the CD3 was in decline in the US (replaced by the 5-inch CD single, called CD5).[5]

During the 1990s, CD single releases became less common in certain countries and were often released in smaller editions, as the major record labels feared they were cannibalizing the sales of higher-profit-margin CD albums.[citation needed]

United States

It was common in the 1990s for US record companies to release both a two-track CD and a multi-track (usually "remix") maxi CD.

Pressure from record labels made singles charts in some countries become song charts, allowing album cuts to chart based only on airplay, without a single ever being released. In the US, the Billboard Hot 100 made this change in December 1998,[6] after which very few songs were released in the CD single format in the US, but they remained extremely popular in other countries, where charts were still based solely on single sales and not radio airplay.[citation needed]

In the year 2000, the RIAA reported that CD single sales fell by 39%, with internet downloading service Napster being blamed.[7] In October 2001, Target which was the fourth largest music retailer in the United States, announced that it will stop selling CD singles in many of its stores due to a fall in demand.[8]

United Kingdom

CD singles were first made eligible for the

UK Singles Chart in 1987, and the first number 1 available on the format in that country was "I Wanna Dance with Somebody (Who Loves Me)" by Whitney Houston in May 1987.[9] At the end of the 1990s, the CD was the biggest-selling single format in the UK. Record companies would also release two CDs but, usually, these consisted of three tracks or more each.[citation needed
]

Smaller 3-inch CDs were made mostly in a small square case/cover form only, some including a 5-inch CD adapter to use in normal compact disc players. Although the format was not widely available in the United Kingdom, several artists have released singles in the format.[citation needed]

Sales figures

CD single sales
Period Sales Percentage Other sales
January–December 1999 34.3 million[10] Probably 95%+
January–December 2004[11] Less than 50% DL: more than 50%
January–June 2006[12] 19%

DL: ?/76.7%
7-inch: ?/1.7%
12-inch: ?/2.1%
Other: ?/0.4%

January–June 2007[12] 8.1%

DL: ?/88.9%
7-inch: ?/1.5%
12-inch: ?/1.2%
Other: ?/0.3%

January–December 2007[11] 8 million DL: 72.6 million
January–December 2008[13] 4.6 million DL: 110.3 million
January–1 October 2009[14] Less than 1.6 million Less than 1.4% DL: 115.4 million
January - September 2021 60,000[15]

At Q4 1996, there were 24.2 million CD singles shipped in the country. At Q4 1999 CDs made up 74.6% of single sales, with

cassingle in second place and 12" singles in third place.[16] By 2003, CD singles had significantly dropped from its peak while albums reached an all-time high. This was in part by an increase in the price of singles, which was about £4 and provided worse value for money compared to an album for £10.[17]

Woolworths Group, which previously accounted for one third of all CD sales in the country, stopped selling CD singles in August 2008, citing the "terminal decline" of the format as customers moved to digital downloads as their preferred method of purchasing single tracks[11][18] (the Woolworths chain itself would collapse the following November). In March 2011, Mercury Records announced that they were to stop manufacturing CD singles for lack of demand and loss of money on the format in 2010.[19]

In July 2009, The Guardian reported that

Florence + The Machine's single 'Rabbit Heart (Raise It Up)' sold a CD and 7 inch vinyl combined total of 64 copies, where it reached number 16 in the Mid-Week Chart.[20]

'Bad Habits' by Ed Sheeran was the best-selling CD single as of September 2021 with 11,000 copies.[21]

Elsewhere

In Australia, the

Kmart, Target and Big W, who then concluded stocking newly released singles. Sanity Entertainment
, having resisted the decline for longer than the other major outlets, has also ceased selling CD singles.

In Germany, CD singles continue to be regularly issued by all major and some minor labels, and both of domestic and foreign artists.[citation needed]

In China and South Korea, CD single releases have been rare ever since the format was introduced, due of the amount of infringement and illegal file sharing over the internet, and most of the time singles have generally been album cuts chart based only on airplay, but with the advent of digital music the charts have also occasionally included digital download counts.[citation needed]

In Greece and Cyprus, the term "CD single" is used to describe an extended play (EP) in which there may be anywhere from three to six different tracks. These releases charted on the Greek Singles Chart (before it abandoned tracking altogether) with songs released as singles.

Mini CD (CD3)

Mini CD single
centimeters (3.1 inches)
UsageAudio storage
Released1987; 37 years ago (1987)[4]

The original CD single (sometimes mini CD single or 3-inch CD or CD3 in the US) is a

music single released on a mini Compact Disc that measures 8 cm (3.1 in) in diameter, rather than the standard 12 cm (4.7 in). They are manufactured using the same methods as standard full-size CDs, and can be played in most standard audio CD players and CD-ROM disc drives.[4]

The format was first released in the United States, United Kingdom, Japan, France, West Germany, and Hong Kong in 1987 as the replacement for the 7-inch single.[23] While mini CDs quickly fell out of popularity among most major record labels (partly due to their incompatibility with many slot-loading CD players), they lasted longer as a popular, low cost way for independent musicians and groups to release music.[4]

Capable of holding up to 20 minutes of music, most mini CD singles contain at least two tracks, often consisting of a single edit and an instrumental version in the same way as 7-inch vinyl singles.[24]

From a technical standpoint, a 3-inch CD is the same as a standard CD (

Red Book standard for CD digital audio) with the major difference being the smaller physical size of the disc allowing fewer data sectors, meaning the disc can store less audio. The majority of audio CD players and CD-ROM drives have a smaller circular indentation in the CD tray for holding these discs. Most slot-loading drives, such as those found in some car CD players, are unable to manipulate the smaller discs or their adapters. Laptop drives generally only require the centre hole to hold the disc so the smaller diameter is irrelevant.[citation needed
]

Japan

8 cm CD single with case, released in Japan

In Japan, 8 cm (3 in) CD singles were initially released in a long flip-out sleeve snap-packs (Japanese: 短冊; tanzaku). The plastic inserts in the sleeves could be snapped in half and folded into a small 8 cm (3 in) square, rather than the original 15 cm × 8 cm (6 in × 3 in) length when originally sold.

Beginning in 1999 some labels began to package mini CDs in 12 cm (5 in) slimline cases. As the tanzaku sleeves slowly morphed into the use of slimline jewel cases, the mini CD single was halted from production in the early 2000s.

As popularity diminished, one of the last Japanese 8 cm CD single released was a reissue and repackaging of "

Wink, Madonna, Phil Collins, Michael Jackson, Queen, U2, Prince, Metallica, Bros, Huey Lewis and the News, Bon Jovi, Kylie Minogue, Falco and George Michael
. Some singles packaged in 12 cm single jewel cases contained a 12 cm CD adapter.

Most were sold at around ¥1,000 (£6 or $9) at the time of release during the late 1980s, early 2000s to the present day.

However, there has been a small revival in the mini CD single with Japanese artists such as Hibari Misora with a reissue of her 1989 single "Kawa no Nagare no Yoni" in May 2019 in original long tanzaku form, by the record company Nippon Columbia.[25]

United States

US versions were often packaged in cardboard slipcases, either 3-inch square or 6-inch by 3-inch gatefold. Others were released in 5-inch slimline single cases, which allowed an adapter to be included with the CD. At the time of first release in 1987, their retail price was between $4 and $6, at least $3 less than even the least-expensive 5-inch discs. Delos Records, a small, independent label, issued the first commercially available 3-inch CDs in 1987 with 20 classical and jazz titles. The Massachusetts-based Rykodisc issued Frank Zappa's “Peaches en Regalia” the first pop 3-inch CD. Initially when released, 300,000 of the discs were shipped to retail outlets.[4] Noted oldies label Rhino had a series of over 60 3-inch CDs released throughout 1988 entitled "Lil' Bit Of Gold".[citation needed]

Longevity

In the United States and United Kingdom, the format barely lasted into the early 1990s, partly due to inconvenience of needing to attach an adapter on every disc (very few packages were issued with one) before playing. Sony remained in support of the 3-inch CD having had plans to launch a 3-inch CD player for the Japanese market in 1988.[24]

Among major labels, it was largely replaced by putting less music on a regular full-size CD. The full-size discs are a more standard manufacturing process and so ended up being cheaper to press. The CD single format continued until 2000 for Japanese releases. Despite the unpopularity it survived with publishers adopting the 3-inch CD as an inexpensive way of presenting bonus material with books.[26]

Technical specifications

  • Data: 185–210MiB (compared to 650–703MiB on a 12 cm CD)
  • Audio: 21–24 minutes (compared to 74–80 minutes on a 12 cm CD)[27][28]

The slim

jewel boxes used for 3-inch CDs are nearly the same size as 3.5-inch floppy disks
, making storage boxes for 3.5-inch floppies usable for 3-inch CDs as well.

See also

References

  1. ^ "Cdとは - It用語辞典".
  2. ^ Gallo, Phil (2005-10-04). "Music fans burn CD biz". Variety. Retrieved 2024-05-03.
  3. ^ a b "End of the CD single". The Telegraph. 2007-05-23. Retrieved 2024-05-03.
  4. ^ a b c d e 3-inch Compact Discs Aim At Singles Market - August 06, 1988|By Los Angeles Daily News.
  5. ^ a b "CD News" by Pete Howard for Rolling Stone magazine, 14–28 December 1989, page 216
  6. ^ Trust, Gary (2018-05-30). "In 1998, 'Iris,' 'Torn,' & Other Radio Smashes Hit the Hot 100 at Last After a Key Rule Change". Billboard. Retrieved 2024-05-03.
  7. ^ "Napster blamed for CD singles slump". 2001-02-26. Retrieved 2024-05-03.
  8. ^ "Target signals the death of the single in the USA". 2001-10-28. Archived from the original on 2001-10-28. Retrieved 2024-05-03.
  9. ^ "CD single sales surge in the UK as Ed Sheeran, ABBA, Coldplay and more return to the format". Official Charts. 24 September 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  10. ^ "CD single sales surge in the UK as Ed Sheeran, ABBA, Coldplay and more return to the format". Official Charts. 24 September 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  11. ^ a b c Wallop, Harry (26 May 2008). "CD singles off the shelves at Woolworths". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 2022-01-12. Retrieved 20 August 2009.
  12. ^ a b Dangerfield, Andy (23 July 2007). "Can the CD single be saved?". BBC News. London. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
  13. ^ Sean Michaels (8 January 2009). "UK singles sales hit record high in 2008". the Guardian.
  14. ^ Khan, Urmee (23 October 2009). "Sales of music singles hit record levels thanks to internet downloads". The Daily Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 2022-01-12. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
  15. ^ "CD single sales surge in the UK as Ed Sheeran, ABBA, Coldplay and more return to the format". Official Charts. 24 September 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  16. ^ https://worldradiohistory.com/UK/Music-Week/2000/Music-Week-2000-02-26.pdf. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
  17. Independent.co.uk
    . 17 August 2003.
  18. ^ Ruki Sayid (26 May 2008). "CD singles to be axed as sales fall". mirror.
  19. ^ metrowebukmetro (25 March 2011). "Arcade Fire's label Mercury Records abolishes physical CD singles - Metro News". Metro.
  20. ^ Rosie Swash (15 July 2009). "A chart hit with 64 sales?". the Guardian.
  21. ^ "CD single sales surge in the UK as Ed Sheeran, ABBA, Coldplay and more return to the format". Official Charts. 24 September 2021. Retrieved 1 January 2022.
  22. ^ Adams, Cameron (2 July 2009). "JB HiFi stops selling CD singles because of declining sales". Herald Sun. News.com.au. Retrieved 15 July 2009.
  23. ^ Thompson, Dave. The Music Lover's Guide to Record Collecting". "CD-3s Good Things Don’t Always Come In Small Packages".
  24. ^ a b The Music Lover's Guide to Record Collecting - By Dave Thompson
  25. ^ Kawa no Nagare no Yoni 8cm CD by Hibari Misora. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  26. ^ Thompson, Dave. The Music Lover's Guide to Record Collecting.
  27. ^ "80 mm CD: Minus size - plus portability - ExtensivelyReviewed". www.pricenfees.com.
  28. Red Book (CD standard)
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