Compsilura concinnata
![]() | This article may lend undue weight to non-native invasive populations in North America. (May 2024) |
Compsilura concinnata | |
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Compsilura concinnata | |
Scientific classification ![]() | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Diptera |
Family: | Tachinidae |
Subfamily: | Exoristinae |
Tribe: | Blondeliini |
Genus: | Compsiluroides |
Species: | C. concinnata
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Binomial name | |
Compsilura concinnata | |
Synonyms | |
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Compsilura concinnata (
Morphology
Larvae are creamy colored and have black mouth hooks with three anal hooks.
Life cycle
C. concinnata is
The larva typically kill its host in about 10 days. After emerging from a host, the white maggot forms a smooth, reddish brown case called a puparium around itself. During the next stage of its life cycle, the larva will molt into a pupa inside of the puparium.[16]
What makes this parasitoid successful on numerous host-species is its flexible life cycle. It has the ability to alter its cycle based on the host it inhabits.
Impact after introduction to North America
Compsilura concinnata has a negative impact on many species of Lepidoptera native to North America.[citation needed]
- The fly is univoltine.[17]
- Since the host spongy moth overwinters as eggs, the parasitoid fly found non-target species in which to overwinter.
- Due to its flexible life cycle, this parasitoid can parasitize more than 150 species of butterfly and moth in North America.[18][19]
Parasitism
Although C. concinnata was introduced to North America to control the spongy moth population, it typically only parasitizes less than 5% of the spongy moths during an outbreak.[20] However the percentage of infected moths does increase as the populations tend to decline. As a result of the parasitoid's ability to attack many other species, it is not always an effective parasitoid of spongy moths compared to other parasites.[20]
References
- ^ a b c d Meigen, J.W. (1824). Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europäische n zweiflugeligen Insekten. Hamm: Vierter Theil. Schulz-Wundermann. pp. xii + 428 pp., pls. 33–41.
- ^ Malloch, J.R. (1935). "Phoridae, Agromyzidae, Micropezidae, Tachinidae and Sarcophagidae (supplement)". Insects of Samoa. 6: 329–366.
- ^ Meigen, Johann Wilhelm (1838). Systematische Beschreibung der bekannten europäischen zweiflügeligen Insekten. Vol. 7. Hamm. pp. xii + 1–434. Retrieved 28 June 2021.
- ^ Rondani, C. (1859). Dipterologiae Italicae prodromus. Vol: III. Species Italicae ... Pars secunda. Muscidae Siphoninae et (partim) Tachininae. Parmae [= Parma]: A. Stocchi. pp. 243 + [1] pp. Retrieved 6 December 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f g Robineau-Desvoidy, J.B. (1830). "Essai sur les myodaires". Mémoires présentés par divers savans à l'Académie Royale des Sciences de l'Institut de France (Sciences Mathématiques et Physiques). 2 (2): 1–813. Retrieved 7 January 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g Robineau-Desvoidy, J.B. (1850). "Memoire sur plusieurs espèces de Myodaires-Entomobies". Annales de la Société Entomologique de France. 8 (2): 157–181. Retrieved 17 September 2023.
- ^ a b Wulp, F.M. van der (1893). "Eenige Javaansche Tachininen". Tijdschrift voor Entomologie. 36: 159–188. Retrieved 13 September 2023.
- ^ a b Robineau-Desvoidy, J.B. (1851). "Sur l'eclosion de dix espèces d'Entomobies". Revue et magasin de zoologie pure et appliquée. 3 (2): 147–153. Retrieved 8 November 2023.
- ^ Macquart, P. J. M. (1851). "Dipteres exotiques nouveaux ou peu connus. Suite du 4e supplement publie dans les memoires de 1849". Mémoires de la Société (Royale) des sciences, de l'agriculture et des arts à Lille. 1850: 134–294. Retrieved 28 March 2021.
- ^ Curran, Charles Howard (1940). "New species of Phorocera (Tachinidae) from Africa (Diptera)" (PDF). American Museum Novitates (1063). American Museum: 1–13. Retrieved 19 February 2015.
- ^ Bouché, P.F. (1834). Naturgeschichte der Insekten, besonders in Hinsicht ihrer ersten Zustande als Larven und Puppen. Berlin: Erste Lieferung. pp. 216, 10 pls.
- ^ a b c R. L. Koch; W. D. Hutchison (2009). "Compsilura concinnata". University of Minnesota. Archived from the original on September 6, 2010. Retrieved February 8, 2011.
- ISBN 0-901546-82-8.
- ^ Mitra, Bulganin; Sharma, R.M. "Checklist Of Indian Tachinid Flies (Insecta: Diptera: Tachinidae)" (PDF). Jabalpur. pp. 1–18. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2010-12-17.
- ^ O’Hara, James E.; Henderson, Shannon J.; Wood, D. Monty (5 March 2020). "Preliminary Checklist of the Tachinidae (Diptera) of the World" (PDF). Tachinidae Resources. Retrieved 4 April 2024.
- ^ Shelly Kellogg (July 3, 2002). "Parasitism of silk moths at Sweet Briar College". Honors Journal. Sweet Briar College. Retrieved February 8, 2011.
- ^ Julian Jarnagin Culver (1919). "Study of Compsilura concinnata, an imported tachinid parasite of the gipsy moth and the brown-tail moth". United States Department of Agriculture Bulletin. 766: 1–27.
- ^ Paul H. Arnaud, Jr. (1978). A host-parasite catalog of North American Tachinidae (Diptera). Miscellaneous Publication 1319. United States Department of Agriculture. pp. 1–860.
- S2CID 19702985.
- ^ a b Susan Mahr (September 1999). "Compsilura concinnata, parasitoid of gypsy moth". Midwest Biological Control News Online. 6 (9). University of Wisconsin–Madison. Retrieved February 8, 2011.