Cosmos bipinnatus
This article is written like a encyclopedic style and simplify overly technical phrases. (May 2023) ) |
Cosmos bipinnatus | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Asterales |
Family: | Asteraceae |
Genus: | Cosmos |
Species: | C. bipinnatus
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Binomial name | |
Cosmos bipinnatus Cav., 1791
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Synonyms[1] | |
Synonymy
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Cosmos bipinnatus, commonly called the garden cosmos, Mexican aster
Description
Cosmos bipinnatus is an annual that is often considered half-hardy, although plants may reappear via self-sowing for several years. The plant height varies from 2–6 ft to (rarely) 9 ft (0.61–1.83–2.74 m). The cultivated varieties appear in shades of pink and purple as well as white. The branched stem is usually densely to occasionally occupied by fine, split up, rough trichomes, some specimens are completely hairless. The petiole itself is inconspicuous, winged, 10 (rarely to 15) mm long, sometimes the leaves are almost sessile.
The partial leaves are linear-filiform to narrow linear with a width of 0.5 to 1 (rarely to 1.7) mm; the tips are pointed, hardened, but not particularly sharp. Its foliage is finely cut into threadlike segments. When flowering, the plant can become top heavy. This problem is alleviated when grown in groups, as the bipinnate leaves interlock, and the colony supports itself.[8]
The
Flowers
The very conspicuous cup-shaped
The mostly eight ray
Distribution
This plant is native to Mexico, Guatemala and Costa Rica. Since it is used as an ornamental plant in many countries and prone to sedimentation, it is an invasive plant in many areas of the world. It has naturalized in scattered locations across North America,
Cultivars
Cultivars of Cosmos bipinnatus in cultivation today include:
- Apollo Series
- 'Daydream'[14] features a pink inner ring on a white background
- Double Click SeriesAnemone japonica)
- 'Rubenza' agm[20]
- 'Sensation', also known as 'Early Sensation', is a widely available mix of tall varieties
- 'Sensation Pinkie' agm[21]
- Sonata series[22]
- 'Velouette'agm[23]
- 'Versailles', developed for the cut flower trade, are shorter than the species, with heights remaining below three feet
(those marked agm have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit).
Cultivation
Growth characteristics of this plant include:
- Germination takes between 7 and 10 days at the optimal temperature of 75 °F (24 °C); flowering begins between 60 and 90 days after germination
- It prefers a soil pH between 6.0 and 8.5, reflecting its native habitat in the alkaline regions of Central America
- Flowering is best in full sun, although partial shade is tolerated
Excessive rain can cause cultivation problems, due to the delicate nature of the stems. Heavy rain can cause breakage. Cosmos bipinnatus can tolerate heat as long as adequate moisture is provided, however, it does not handle droughts, strong winds or cold temperatures well. Snails, slugs and
- They are not tolerant of frost, but can be grown outdoors in a temperate climate with a warm to hot summer and are therefore called half-hardy in British gardening literature.[27]
Pollinators
The flowers of Cosmos bipinnatus attract birds and butterflies,
Gallery
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Typical range of colours in a dense stand
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Lateral aspect
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Seeds
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Andrena sp. pollinating
References
- ^ The Plant List, Cosmos bipinnatus Cav.
- ^ BSBI List 2007 (xls). Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland. Archived from the original (xls) on 2015-06-26. Retrieved 2014-10-17.
- ^ "Cosmos bipinnatus." Plants: The Royal Horticultural Society, 2024. Retrieved 20 March 2024.
- ^ Flora of North America, Cosmos bipinnatus Cavanilles
- ^ Flora of China, 秋英 qiu ying, Cosmos bipinnatus Cavanilles
- ^ "Atlas of Living Australia". Archived from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2015-06-11.
- ^ Altervista Flora Italiana, Astro messicano, fiederblättriges Schmuckkörbchen, rosenskära, Cosmos bipinnatus Cav.
- ^ a b Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map
- ISBN 3-8001-3131-5, p 929
- ^ Thomas E. Melchert Cosmos bipinnatus. In: Dorothy L. Nash, Louis O. Williams (ed.): Flora of Guatemala. In: Fieldiana: Botany. Volume 24, Part XII, 1976, pp. 230-231.
- ^ ""Cosmos bipinnatus" 'Apollo Carmine'". RHS. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ^ ""Cosmos bipinnatus" 'Apollo Pink'". RHS. Retrieved 12 April 2020.
- ^ ""Cosmos bipinnatus" 'Apollo White'". RHS. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ^ ""Cosmos bipinnatus" 'Daydream'". RHS. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ^ ""Cosmos bipinnatus" Double Click Series". RHS. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ^ ""Cosmos bipinnatus" 'Double Click Cranberries'". RHS. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ^ "Double Click Rose Bonbon". RHS. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ^ ""Cosmos bipinnatus" 'Double Click Snow Puff'". RHS. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ^ ""Cosmos bipinnatus" 'Double Click Vari Extra'". RHS. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ^ ""Cosmos bipinnatus" 'Rubenza'". RHS. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ^ ""Cosmos bipinnatus" 'Sensation Pinkie'". RHS. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ^ ""Cosmos bipinnatus" Sonata Series". RHS. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ^ ""Cosmos bipinnatus" 'Velouette'". RHS. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ^ ""Cosmos bipinnatus" 'Versailles Dark Rose'". RHS. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ^ "Cosmos bipinnatus 'Versailles Tetra' (Versailles Series) | cosmea 'Versailles Tetra'/RHS Gardening". RHS. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-930604-47-6. Retrieved 25 November 2011.
- ^ Negus, John (1986). The Flower Garden. London: Octopus Books Ltd. pp. 31, 33. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
External links
- Cosmos history and cultivation, Texas A&M University
- Cosmos Festival in Argentina - Press and video
- Jepson Manual Treatment - Jepson Manual, University of California, Cosmos bipinnatus
- United States Department of Agriculture Plants Profile
- Cosmos bipinnatus - Calphotos Photo gallery, University of California